View - BioOne
... Jianying Shen, Antonio DiTommaso, Mingquan Shen, Wei Lu, and Zhengming Li* Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are vital photosynthetic microorganisms that contribute to soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and are also important for maintaining ecosystem stability. These microorganisms can be ve ...
... Jianying Shen, Antonio DiTommaso, Mingquan Shen, Wei Lu, and Zhengming Li* Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are vital photosynthetic microorganisms that contribute to soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and are also important for maintaining ecosystem stability. These microorganisms can be ve ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology - CH 056
... • Jaundice is not a disease state in itself • It is a non-specific symptom which is a feature of a range of disease states • The clinical approach to jaundice must be based on a clear understanding of the metabolism of bilirubin and an appreciation of the potential blocks which can occur in the path ...
... • Jaundice is not a disease state in itself • It is a non-specific symptom which is a feature of a range of disease states • The clinical approach to jaundice must be based on a clear understanding of the metabolism of bilirubin and an appreciation of the potential blocks which can occur in the path ...
Comparative Study of Two Table Grape Varieties with Contrasting
... expressed in µg per g of FW. Analysis was carried out during 30 and 60 days of storage at 0 °C and after two days of shelf life at 20 °C (30 + SL and 60 + SL, respectively). UA analysis was performed on the Thompson seedless (TS, white bar) and NN107 (NN, gray bar) variety. Letters represent statist ...
... expressed in µg per g of FW. Analysis was carried out during 30 and 60 days of storage at 0 °C and after two days of shelf life at 20 °C (30 + SL and 60 + SL, respectively). UA analysis was performed on the Thompson seedless (TS, white bar) and NN107 (NN, gray bar) variety. Letters represent statist ...
Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Exercise
... in metabolism, including translational control of protein synthesis (1) and glycemic regulation (12) (Fig. 2). This review focuses on the role of leucine in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis through initiation factors 4E (eIF4E) and 4G (eIF4G) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). Other ...
... in metabolism, including translational control of protein synthesis (1) and glycemic regulation (12) (Fig. 2). This review focuses on the role of leucine in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis through initiation factors 4E (eIF4E) and 4G (eIF4G) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). Other ...
Norton J Nutr 2006
... in metabolism, including translational control of protein synthesis (1) and glycemic regulation (12) (Fig. 2). This review focuses on the role of leucine in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis through initiation factors 4E (eIF4E) and 4G (eIF4G) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). Other ...
... in metabolism, including translational control of protein synthesis (1) and glycemic regulation (12) (Fig. 2). This review focuses on the role of leucine in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis through initiation factors 4E (eIF4E) and 4G (eIF4G) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). Other ...
NON-RADIOACTIVE ASSAY FOR ACETYL-CoA
... upregulated by HER2 in breast cancer cells, required for the survival of breast cancer cells (Chajes et al., 2006; Yoon et al., 2007), and involved in insulin secretion (Zhang and Kim, 1996). The second human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC2) is involved in β-oxidation and is expressed primarily in hear ...
... upregulated by HER2 in breast cancer cells, required for the survival of breast cancer cells (Chajes et al., 2006; Yoon et al., 2007), and involved in insulin secretion (Zhang and Kim, 1996). The second human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC2) is involved in β-oxidation and is expressed primarily in hear ...
Objectives 19 - u.arizona.edu
... 1. HEME SYNTHESIS - heme is an iron containing prosthetic group found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes - heme binds O2, participates in electron transfer, or oxidizes exogenous molecule - reaction for synthesis occur both in cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix; final step of pathway incorp ...
... 1. HEME SYNTHESIS - heme is an iron containing prosthetic group found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes - heme binds O2, participates in electron transfer, or oxidizes exogenous molecule - reaction for synthesis occur both in cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix; final step of pathway incorp ...
Magnesium liquid - Pure Encapsulations
... metabolism and lipid metabolism. A meta-analysis of 20 randomized trials suggests that it also promotes healthy systolic and diastolic function. In addition, magnesium supports healthy glucose metabolism. In one 15-year study involving 4,637 young adults, higher intakes of magnesium were associated ...
... metabolism and lipid metabolism. A meta-analysis of 20 randomized trials suggests that it also promotes healthy systolic and diastolic function. In addition, magnesium supports healthy glucose metabolism. In one 15-year study involving 4,637 young adults, higher intakes of magnesium were associated ...
Short term physiological implications of NBPT application on
... significant in roots. Internal urea levels were 10 times higher in control pea plants than in control spinach plants in both leaf and root (Fig. 2), although it should be noted that the concentration of urea in the growth solution for both species was different (5 mM urea for pea and 1.5 mM for spin ...
... significant in roots. Internal urea levels were 10 times higher in control pea plants than in control spinach plants in both leaf and root (Fig. 2), although it should be noted that the concentration of urea in the growth solution for both species was different (5 mM urea for pea and 1.5 mM for spin ...
Mechanism and Biological Explanation
... gaps have been filled (Bechtel 2009). Reasoning using sketches and schemas is a central part of reasoning in mechanistic sciences but requires that the scientist engage in mental activities (especially mental simulation) that are rather different from formal deductive inference. Fourth, mechanistic ...
... gaps have been filled (Bechtel 2009). Reasoning using sketches and schemas is a central part of reasoning in mechanistic sciences but requires that the scientist engage in mental activities (especially mental simulation) that are rather different from formal deductive inference. Fourth, mechanistic ...
Biochemistry Practical Notes Authors: Ida Fakla Péter Ferdinandy
... Phosphatases represent a group of enzymes, which hydrolyze phosphate esters (phosphatides, carbohydrate phosphoric acid esters, glycerophosphoric acid, nucleotides). According to their pH-optima phosphatases are classified as alkaline or acidic phosphatases. They are activated by and Mn2+ ions, whil ...
... Phosphatases represent a group of enzymes, which hydrolyze phosphate esters (phosphatides, carbohydrate phosphoric acid esters, glycerophosphoric acid, nucleotides). According to their pH-optima phosphatases are classified as alkaline or acidic phosphatases. They are activated by and Mn2+ ions, whil ...
General introduction - University of Amsterdam
... the morphological diversity amongst these organisms. Most fungi are living in soil or as symbionts of plants, animals or other fungi, some of them only becoming noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or molds. Many fungal species are used as a direct source of food, such as mushrooms and truffl ...
... the morphological diversity amongst these organisms. Most fungi are living in soil or as symbionts of plants, animals or other fungi, some of them only becoming noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or molds. Many fungal species are used as a direct source of food, such as mushrooms and truffl ...
Relationships between Methionine Supply, Nitrogen Retention and
... 7.04 g/16 g N, the N utilization efficiency was not significantly changed. The results were in agreement with Fraser et al. (1991) who reported that the optimum proportion of Met was 1.76 g/16 g N which was calculated based on the optimum essential AA composition of ruminant. The results indicated t ...
... 7.04 g/16 g N, the N utilization efficiency was not significantly changed. The results were in agreement with Fraser et al. (1991) who reported that the optimum proportion of Met was 1.76 g/16 g N which was calculated based on the optimum essential AA composition of ruminant. The results indicated t ...
Mutational effects on protein structure and function Jonas Carlsson Link¨
... In this thesis several important proteins are investigated from a structural perspective. Some of the proteins are disease related while other have important but not completely characterised functions. The techniques used are general as demonstrated by applications on metabolic proteins (CYP21, CYP1 ...
... In this thesis several important proteins are investigated from a structural perspective. Some of the proteins are disease related while other have important but not completely characterised functions. The techniques used are general as demonstrated by applications on metabolic proteins (CYP21, CYP1 ...
Peptide templated glycosidic bond formation: a
... approach. In theory this will allow us to search rapidly through libraries of tethers, screening their potential to promote the formation of particular glycosidic linkages in stereo- and regioselective fashions. Since we required tethers in which structural diversity can be readily introduced by sol ...
... approach. In theory this will allow us to search rapidly through libraries of tethers, screening their potential to promote the formation of particular glycosidic linkages in stereo- and regioselective fashions. Since we required tethers in which structural diversity can be readily introduced by sol ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... Once acetyl KSase and malonyl ACP have been formed, elongation can begin. First the acetyl group of acetyl ACP is transferred to a sulfhydryl residue of ketoacyl-ACP synthase also known as acyl-malonyl ACP condensing enzyme. The decarboxylation of malonyl ACP generates an enolate anion which is a g ...
... Once acetyl KSase and malonyl ACP have been formed, elongation can begin. First the acetyl group of acetyl ACP is transferred to a sulfhydryl residue of ketoacyl-ACP synthase also known as acyl-malonyl ACP condensing enzyme. The decarboxylation of malonyl ACP generates an enolate anion which is a g ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 5 Notes
... Bringing two reactants in close proximity (reduce entropy & increase effective reactant concentrat) •Substrate is desatbilized when bound to enzyme favoring reaction-(change of solvent, chargecharge interactions strain on chemical bonds). •Desolvation of substrate- H bonds with water are replaced by ...
... Bringing two reactants in close proximity (reduce entropy & increase effective reactant concentrat) •Substrate is desatbilized when bound to enzyme favoring reaction-(change of solvent, chargecharge interactions strain on chemical bonds). •Desolvation of substrate- H bonds with water are replaced by ...
Electron Transfer Chain
... Transmembrane H+ flux associated with this reaction will be discussed in the section on oxidative phosphorylation. An atomic-level structure is not yet available for the entire complex I, which in mammals includes at least 46 proteins, along with prosthetic groups FMN & several Fe-S centers. ...
... Transmembrane H+ flux associated with this reaction will be discussed in the section on oxidative phosphorylation. An atomic-level structure is not yet available for the entire complex I, which in mammals includes at least 46 proteins, along with prosthetic groups FMN & several Fe-S centers. ...
Gram Negative Coliforms
... Reduce nitrate (NO3; an inorganic substrate in the API tube. Reduction = positive) • Facultative anaerobes • If they are motile, they have peritrichous flagella, so they can run and tumble. ...
... Reduce nitrate (NO3; an inorganic substrate in the API tube. Reduction = positive) • Facultative anaerobes • If they are motile, they have peritrichous flagella, so they can run and tumble. ...
The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria
... mitochondrial presequence (www.mips.biochem.mpg.de兾cgibin兾proj兾medgen兾mitofilter). A total of 255 proteins (34%) contained at least one predicted ␣-helical transmembrane segment according to YPD (www.incyte.com) and TMHMM prediction service (www.cbs.dtu.dk兾services兾TMHMM). ...
... mitochondrial presequence (www.mips.biochem.mpg.de兾cgibin兾proj兾medgen兾mitofilter). A total of 255 proteins (34%) contained at least one predicted ␣-helical transmembrane segment according to YPD (www.incyte.com) and TMHMM prediction service (www.cbs.dtu.dk兾services兾TMHMM). ...
The Genetic Code and RNA-Amino Acid Affinities
... acid columns provided this opportunity. Immediately above, some properties of binding sites obtained in this way have been listed. Below, I characterize the way the selection method produces its results to provide context for interpretation of now-numerous, newly-selected binding site sequences. 2.1 ...
... acid columns provided this opportunity. Immediately above, some properties of binding sites obtained in this way have been listed. Below, I characterize the way the selection method produces its results to provide context for interpretation of now-numerous, newly-selected binding site sequences. 2.1 ...
1 Protonolysis of Fe-C bonds of a Diiminopyridineiron(II) Dialkyl
... square pyramidal (τ =0) geometries, takes the value 0.84 for this compound. A crystallographically imposed mirror plane bisects the molecule through the iron and the three nitrogen atoms and relates the pentafluroroaryloxide moieties. The latter are oriented in such a way that one of the ortho fluor ...
... square pyramidal (τ =0) geometries, takes the value 0.84 for this compound. A crystallographically imposed mirror plane bisects the molecule through the iron and the three nitrogen atoms and relates the pentafluroroaryloxide moieties. The latter are oriented in such a way that one of the ortho fluor ...
Chapter 1, The Blood
... [two called alpha and two called beta], plus four nonprotein pigments called hemes. d. Each heme contains an iron ion (Fe2+) that can combine reversibly with one oxygen molecule. e. Oxygen is transported in this state to other tissues; in the tissue, the iron-oxygen reaction reverses and oxygen is r ...
... [two called alpha and two called beta], plus four nonprotein pigments called hemes. d. Each heme contains an iron ion (Fe2+) that can combine reversibly with one oxygen molecule. e. Oxygen is transported in this state to other tissues; in the tissue, the iron-oxygen reaction reverses and oxygen is r ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.