Quiz:1
... 7. The non-polar amino acids such as iso-leucine, leucine, valine, alanine, phenyl alanine are soluble in water but when they are present in a peptide (joined together by amide bond), the peptide is insoluble in water. Why? 8. What will be the net charge on a poly-lysine peptide at neutral pH and at ...
... 7. The non-polar amino acids such as iso-leucine, leucine, valine, alanine, phenyl alanine are soluble in water but when they are present in a peptide (joined together by amide bond), the peptide is insoluble in water. Why? 8. What will be the net charge on a poly-lysine peptide at neutral pH and at ...
Chapter 4 Study Guide
... -cells can swim (flagellum) -cells can change their shape -cells crawl over one another & reach new positions in the embryo B. ___________________ - most are manufactured by a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions 2. All cells use chemical energy carried by __________-adenosine triphosphate ...
... -cells can swim (flagellum) -cells can change their shape -cells crawl over one another & reach new positions in the embryo B. ___________________ - most are manufactured by a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions 2. All cells use chemical energy carried by __________-adenosine triphosphate ...
RNA world and protocells
... – In present-day cells, nucleic acids and proteins are responsible for replication and metabolic functions, respectively – The formation of each one of these two types of macromolecules requires the previous existence of the other one The synthesis of nucleic acids is catalyzed by proteins (enzyme ...
... – In present-day cells, nucleic acids and proteins are responsible for replication and metabolic functions, respectively – The formation of each one of these two types of macromolecules requires the previous existence of the other one The synthesis of nucleic acids is catalyzed by proteins (enzyme ...
Student Misconceptions
... Avoid the terms light-independent reactions and dark reactions in discussing the Calvin cycle. The reactions of the Calvin cycle do not function in the dark. Short-lived products from the light reactions are required by the Calvin cycle, and several of the enzymes of the cycle are inactive or greatl ...
... Avoid the terms light-independent reactions and dark reactions in discussing the Calvin cycle. The reactions of the Calvin cycle do not function in the dark. Short-lived products from the light reactions are required by the Calvin cycle, and several of the enzymes of the cycle are inactive or greatl ...
Week 2
... There are four types of macromolecules (i.e., big molecules) that we commonly deal with in this class. They are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. ...
... There are four types of macromolecules (i.e., big molecules) that we commonly deal with in this class. They are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. ...
Biochemistry_Short_Course
... Polysaccharides Storage forms of sugars (cellular fuel & some structural components) = larger size so lower solubility (doesn’t break down as easily) Starch • Type of polysaccharide found in Plants • Cellulose & lignin indigestible by humans • Used for FIBER (drink lots of water!!) ...
... Polysaccharides Storage forms of sugars (cellular fuel & some structural components) = larger size so lower solubility (doesn’t break down as easily) Starch • Type of polysaccharide found in Plants • Cellulose & lignin indigestible by humans • Used for FIBER (drink lots of water!!) ...
Note sheet Chap 5, Sect 3
... Stage 1: Break down of glucose The primary fuel for cellular respiration is __glucose__, which comes from the breakdown of __carbohydrates__. Glucose is broken down in the __cytoplasm__ during a process called ___glycolysis___, which is an enzyme assisted __anaerobic_ process (means no oxygen needed ...
... Stage 1: Break down of glucose The primary fuel for cellular respiration is __glucose__, which comes from the breakdown of __carbohydrates__. Glucose is broken down in the __cytoplasm__ during a process called ___glycolysis___, which is an enzyme assisted __anaerobic_ process (means no oxygen needed ...
polar charged phosphate head and nonpolar uncharged fatty acid
... determine the type of interactions they will form with other amino acids in the protein chain. This determines how the protein folds into its 3D shape. The shape of the protein determines its function. Different proteins assume different functions because they fold into different ...
... determine the type of interactions they will form with other amino acids in the protein chain. This determines how the protein folds into its 3D shape. The shape of the protein determines its function. Different proteins assume different functions because they fold into different ...
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... • ionized AA’s circulate in the plasma, ~ 35-65 mg/dl – control is not known, but even after a meal, plasma levels return to normal very rapidly – also, when plasma [AA] decreases, cell protein catabolism compensates ...
... • ionized AA’s circulate in the plasma, ~ 35-65 mg/dl – control is not known, but even after a meal, plasma levels return to normal very rapidly – also, when plasma [AA] decreases, cell protein catabolism compensates ...
Cell Respiration Outline | Date: Mitochondrion • Structure o Double
... Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain – H+ and electrons join O2 to form water. ...
... Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain – H+ and electrons join O2 to form water. ...
Food Biotechnology Dr. Tarek Elbashiti 7. Metabolic Engineering of
... • Ikeda and Katsumata engineered a tryptophanproducing mutant of C. glutamicum to produce L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine in abundance (26 and 28 g/L, respectively) by overexpressing the branch-point enzymes (chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase), catalyzing the conversion of the common interm ...
... • Ikeda and Katsumata engineered a tryptophanproducing mutant of C. glutamicum to produce L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine in abundance (26 and 28 g/L, respectively) by overexpressing the branch-point enzymes (chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase), catalyzing the conversion of the common interm ...
Food Biotechnology Dr. Tarek Elbashiti
... • Ikeda and Katsumata engineered a tryptophanproducing mutant of C. glutamicum to produce L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine in abundance (26 and 28 g/L, respectively) by overexpressing the branch-point enzymes (chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase), catalyzing the conversion of the common interm ...
... • Ikeda and Katsumata engineered a tryptophanproducing mutant of C. glutamicum to produce L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine in abundance (26 and 28 g/L, respectively) by overexpressing the branch-point enzymes (chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase), catalyzing the conversion of the common interm ...
Completed Unit 1 Outline
... 1. Living things are made of _cells___ . A cell is the _smallest unit of life____________ 2. Living things obtain and use _energy_____. Our ultimate source of energy is the _sun_____. Plants can convert the sun’s energy into useable energy in a process called _photosynthesis__________. The chemical ...
... 1. Living things are made of _cells___ . A cell is the _smallest unit of life____________ 2. Living things obtain and use _energy_____. Our ultimate source of energy is the _sun_____. Plants can convert the sun’s energy into useable energy in a process called _photosynthesis__________. The chemical ...
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVE EXERCISE
... terms, how energy is involved, whether bonds are formed or broken, and how water is involved. Also write a chemical reaction for each and give an example important in human metabolism. ...
... terms, how energy is involved, whether bonds are formed or broken, and how water is involved. Also write a chemical reaction for each and give an example important in human metabolism. ...
Interactive Video Lesson
... Click on Electron Transport chain. There are 5 check for understanding checkpoints, answer those as you go through. Take screen shots of all of the questions with the green checkmark for the correct answer and paste them here. Watch out, some of the checkpoints have multiple questions, so you should ...
... Click on Electron Transport chain. There are 5 check for understanding checkpoints, answer those as you go through. Take screen shots of all of the questions with the green checkmark for the correct answer and paste them here. Watch out, some of the checkpoints have multiple questions, so you should ...
CONCEPT 3 – ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. Energy a
... a. Makes ATP for cell use; uses glucose and oxygen makes waste products of carbon dioxide and water; occurs in mitochondria; NADH is electron carrier used b. Glycolysis (1) occurs in cytoplasm; anaerobic (2) rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP throug ...
... a. Makes ATP for cell use; uses glucose and oxygen makes waste products of carbon dioxide and water; occurs in mitochondria; NADH is electron carrier used b. Glycolysis (1) occurs in cytoplasm; anaerobic (2) rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP throug ...
I can - Net Start Class
... 1st Semester Final Exam ReviewBiomolecules and Enzymes-Part 4 5. Differentiate between monosaccharide and polysaccharide molecules. 6. What are the three types of carbohydrates? 7. What is cellulose used for? 8. Why would an athlete have a big pasta dinner the night before a race? 9. What is a satu ...
... 1st Semester Final Exam ReviewBiomolecules and Enzymes-Part 4 5. Differentiate between monosaccharide and polysaccharide molecules. 6. What are the three types of carbohydrates? 7. What is cellulose used for? 8. Why would an athlete have a big pasta dinner the night before a race? 9. What is a satu ...
Where It Starts: Photosynthesis
... Enzymes of glycolysis use two ATP to convert one molecule of glucose to two molecules of three-carbon pyruvate Reactions transfer electrons and hydrogen atoms to two NAD+ (reduces to NADH) 4 ATP form by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... Enzymes of glycolysis use two ATP to convert one molecule of glucose to two molecules of three-carbon pyruvate Reactions transfer electrons and hydrogen atoms to two NAD+ (reduces to NADH) 4 ATP form by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Chapter 26
... • Carbon atoms of the glucose have all been carried away as CO2 and exhaled. • Energy has been lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is also a source of substances for the synthesis of fats & nonessenti ...
... • Carbon atoms of the glucose have all been carried away as CO2 and exhaled. • Energy has been lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is also a source of substances for the synthesis of fats & nonessenti ...
Chapter 10- Photosynthesis
... F. A Closer Look at ATP Formation - Hydrogen ions from photolysis of water accumulate inside the thylakoid compartment of chloroplasts to set up concentration and electric gradients. - As the hydrogen ions flow out through channels into the stroma, enzyme action links phosphate to ADP to form ATP. 2 ...
... F. A Closer Look at ATP Formation - Hydrogen ions from photolysis of water accumulate inside the thylakoid compartment of chloroplasts to set up concentration and electric gradients. - As the hydrogen ions flow out through channels into the stroma, enzyme action links phosphate to ADP to form ATP. 2 ...
Chapter 26
... • Carbon atoms of the glucose have all been carried away as CO2 and exhaled. • Energy has been lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is also a source of substances for the synthesis of fats & nonessenti ...
... • Carbon atoms of the glucose have all been carried away as CO2 and exhaled. • Energy has been lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is also a source of substances for the synthesis of fats & nonessenti ...
atom
... Carbon and Organic Chemistry • The unique properties of an organic compound depend not only on its carbon skeleton but also on the atoms attached to the skeleton – These atoms are called functional groups – Some common functional groups include: Hydroxyl group ...
... Carbon and Organic Chemistry • The unique properties of an organic compound depend not only on its carbon skeleton but also on the atoms attached to the skeleton – These atoms are called functional groups – Some common functional groups include: Hydroxyl group ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.