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Overview
Overview

... Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism 1. Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism. 2. Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. 3. Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 4. Write and define each component of the equation for change in free e ...
Midterm Review Notes
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PPT_Biochemistry_Short_Course

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Krebs and ETC powerpoint
Krebs and ETC powerpoint

... glucose and fructose 6-phosphate uses two ATP from the cytoplasm. ...
Bio Honors Review Packet
Bio Honors Review Packet

... 2. Which element is not required in order for a compound to be organic? A) carbon b) oxygen c) hydrogen d) all must be present 3. Which element is usually found in proteins but not in triglyerides? A) calcium b) phosphorus c) nitrogen d) oxygen 4. Structurally lipids are a very diverse group but the ...
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A1984SZ47200001

... acid pattern when fresh, after two weeks’ diet who responded biochemically to pharstorage, revealed large spots in the cysteic macological doses of B~,thus establishing acid position. The urine was also found to the original form of homocystinuria as an give a positive nitroprussidelcyanide test, ea ...
Stabilization of Low Affinity Protein-Protein Interactions by
Stabilization of Low Affinity Protein-Protein Interactions by

... The introduction of new chemical functionalities into proteins represents a promising approach for investigating and manipulating diverse biological processes. Among a number of different approaches, the expansion of the genetic code has emerged as an eminent tool for in vivo site-specific incorpora ...
4 ADP + 4 Pi are converted to 2 ATP to produce a net gain of 2 ATP
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... be harnessed in a controlled fashion to generate high energy bonds in the form of ATP) The cells can then allow the protons to re-enter the cell in a controlled fashion, and the energy derived from this movement can be used to do work. This is analogous to water stored behind a dam How does the cell ...
SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M.
SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M.

... The  citric  acid  cycle  receives  acetyl  (a  two-­‐carbon  compound)  and  combines   it  with  oxaloacetate  (a  four-­‐carbon  compound)  to  produce  citrate  (a  six-­‐ carbon  compound).  This  six  carbon  compound  is  then  broken ...
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Proseminar 3: Questions and Answers

... tissue is triggered, so free fatty acids are massively released. The situation in the liver cells then simply reflects substrate-level regulation (i.e. control by substrate availability): The 2 possible fates of free fatty acids in the liver are: synthesis of TAG or β-oxidation. Under conditions of ...
Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility
Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility

... test hypotheses about the metabolic consequences of various changes in gene expression and protein function, in order to guide further integrative systems biology analyses of the underlying mechanisms in diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetic complications. The Core objectives includes ...
Glycolysis Animation
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Camp 1 - University of California, Santa Cruz
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway

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... a. Life as we know it is based on organic molecules such as amino acids, yet early Earth had only inorganic matter. b. In order to build more complex molecules like proteins, monomers (single molecules like amino acids, simple sugars, and nucleotides) need to be connected together into polymers (lon ...
Question Report - FM Faculty Web Pages
Question Report - FM Faculty Web Pages

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PowerPoint
PowerPoint

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Extracellular Enzymes Lab
Extracellular Enzymes Lab

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The 6 Essential Nutrients
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Anaerobic Pathways Glycolysis Alternate Endpoints
Anaerobic Pathways Glycolysis Alternate Endpoints

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AP Biology

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macromolecules

... nitrogen and phosphorus  Monomer: Nucleotide (sugar, phosphate & nitrogen base)  Polymer: Nucleic Acid  Structure: Long chains of nucleotides found in a twisted or folded structure ...
Glossary
Glossary

... A waxy substance, technically a steroid alcohol, found only in animal fats and oil; used in making cell membranes, as a building block for some hormones, in the fatty sheath around nerve fibers, and in other necessary substances. ...
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Metabolism



Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.
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