Hypothesis-Driven Science Hypothesis
... Carbon and Organic Chemistry • The unique properties of an organic compound depend not only on its carbon skeleton but also on the atoms attached to the skeleton – These atoms are called functional groups – Some common functional groups include: Hydroxyl group ...
... Carbon and Organic Chemistry • The unique properties of an organic compound depend not only on its carbon skeleton but also on the atoms attached to the skeleton – These atoms are called functional groups – Some common functional groups include: Hydroxyl group ...
Lecture 5
... chemical control. These are achieved by specialized protein called enzymes. Each enzyme accelerates or catalyzes a specific reaction. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are usually under connected in a series, so that the product of one reaction becomes the starting material or substrate for the next. ...
... chemical control. These are achieved by specialized protein called enzymes. Each enzyme accelerates or catalyzes a specific reaction. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are usually under connected in a series, so that the product of one reaction becomes the starting material or substrate for the next. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Deamination removes side amine group. • New proteins can be made from these amino acids. • Some enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle to become intermediate molecules. ...
... • Deamination removes side amine group. • New proteins can be made from these amino acids. • Some enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle to become intermediate molecules. ...
2 H
... • Aerobic respiration uses O2 • Anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic compound other than O2 (Ex. NO3-) ...
... • Aerobic respiration uses O2 • Anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic compound other than O2 (Ex. NO3-) ...
Practice Exam #1
... 3. ADP, Pi and H+ are substrates for ATP production in the mitochondria. 4. Pi is an allosteric activator of both phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase. 5. The low concentrations of substrates and products inside a cell make enzymes essential for meaningful product formation and the regulation of me ...
... 3. ADP, Pi and H+ are substrates for ATP production in the mitochondria. 4. Pi is an allosteric activator of both phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase. 5. The low concentrations of substrates and products inside a cell make enzymes essential for meaningful product formation and the regulation of me ...
Khan Academy 15min cell respiration
... An ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by using some form of energy. This energy is often in the form of protons moving down an electrochemical gradient, such as from the ...
... An ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by using some form of energy. This energy is often in the form of protons moving down an electrochemical gradient, such as from the ...
Biology, 8e (Campbell)
... Microscopes (light and electron) and light microscopy techniques (page 96). Cell fractionation. How you do it? Why you do it? How will you distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote? Give 2 examples each. Structure of a typical eukaryotic cell. Describe the structure and function of each organelle (p ...
... Microscopes (light and electron) and light microscopy techniques (page 96). Cell fractionation. How you do it? Why you do it? How will you distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote? Give 2 examples each. Structure of a typical eukaryotic cell. Describe the structure and function of each organelle (p ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Assimilation is the process of using organic matter produced through photosynthesis to build protoplasm and cell walls. Digestion is the conversion of starch and other insoluble carbohydrates to soluble forms. Nearly always hydrolysis. ...
... Assimilation is the process of using organic matter produced through photosynthesis to build protoplasm and cell walls. Digestion is the conversion of starch and other insoluble carbohydrates to soluble forms. Nearly always hydrolysis. ...
Metabolism: An Overview
... 1. Cells extract energy from external sources in order to drive energy consuming reactions. The external sources can be light and/or organic molecules. 2. Cells maintain specific internal concentrations of ions (e.g., HCO3–, PO4–3, Cl–, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Mn+2, etc.), metabolic intermediates (gluc ...
... 1. Cells extract energy from external sources in order to drive energy consuming reactions. The external sources can be light and/or organic molecules. 2. Cells maintain specific internal concentrations of ions (e.g., HCO3–, PO4–3, Cl–, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Mn+2, etc.), metabolic intermediates (gluc ...
Document
... Protein – Proteins have 20 different amino acids, which can be arranged in any order. Proteins also have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. An alteration in any of these levels alters the function of the protein. This allows for a large variety of function. Lipid ...
... Protein – Proteins have 20 different amino acids, which can be arranged in any order. Proteins also have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. An alteration in any of these levels alters the function of the protein. This allows for a large variety of function. Lipid ...
control of intermediary metabolism
... ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, MORE ATP IS PRODUCED BY OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ULTIMATELY, 34 MORE ATP’S ARE PRODUCED ...
... ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, MORE ATP IS PRODUCED BY OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ULTIMATELY, 34 MORE ATP’S ARE PRODUCED ...
BIOLOGY 311C - Brand Spring 2009
... 24. Prokaryotic cells can produce slightly more net ATP per molecule of glucose used in respiration than can eukaryotic cells (38 vs. 36) because: a, eukaryotic cells divert a portion of an intermediate substrate to fermentation. b. prokaryotic cells generally have a larger surface-to-volume ratio t ...
... 24. Prokaryotic cells can produce slightly more net ATP per molecule of glucose used in respiration than can eukaryotic cells (38 vs. 36) because: a, eukaryotic cells divert a portion of an intermediate substrate to fermentation. b. prokaryotic cells generally have a larger surface-to-volume ratio t ...
PPWhat is Life1314
... Molecules (CHEMICALS) 1. Carbohydrates – made of sugars, used for energy 2. Proteins-made up of amino acids. Some are structural (for building) and some are enzymes (needed for chemical reactions). 3. Lipids, fats, and oils – long-term energy storage and cell membrane construction 4. Nucleic Acids ( ...
... Molecules (CHEMICALS) 1. Carbohydrates – made of sugars, used for energy 2. Proteins-made up of amino acids. Some are structural (for building) and some are enzymes (needed for chemical reactions). 3. Lipids, fats, and oils – long-term energy storage and cell membrane construction 4. Nucleic Acids ( ...
Chapter 26
... • Energy has been lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is also a source of substances for the synthesis of fats & nonessential amino acids ...
... • Energy has been lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is also a source of substances for the synthesis of fats & nonessential amino acids ...
Biology Biochemistry
... Many Functions of Carbohydrates Cellular respiration: all ________________________ are broken down into __________ to be used in cellular respiration for ________ production. o Any time you see energy production in cells … immediately think ATP! Energy storage: Plants and animals store energy in the ...
... Many Functions of Carbohydrates Cellular respiration: all ________________________ are broken down into __________ to be used in cellular respiration for ________ production. o Any time you see energy production in cells … immediately think ATP! Energy storage: Plants and animals store energy in the ...
MPB IPG - E
... a. a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles with the plasma membrane b. the anchor on which sugars assemble before transfer to proteins c. a chaperone used in protein folding d. a product of phospholipase C activation 12. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are ca ...
... a. a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles with the plasma membrane b. the anchor on which sugars assemble before transfer to proteins c. a chaperone used in protein folding d. a product of phospholipase C activation 12. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are ca ...
Name
... _____Which of the following is true about plants and cellular energy? a. Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during cellular respiration, and obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during photosynthesis. b. Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during ...
... _____Which of the following is true about plants and cellular energy? a. Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during cellular respiration, and obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during photosynthesis. b. Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during ...
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
... Molecules (CHEMICALS) 1. Carbohydrates – made of sugars, used for energy 2. Proteins-made up of amino acids. Some are structural (for building) and some are enzymes (needed for chemical reactions). 3. Lipids, fats, and oils – long-term energy storage and cell membrane construction 4. Nucleic Acids ( ...
... Molecules (CHEMICALS) 1. Carbohydrates – made of sugars, used for energy 2. Proteins-made up of amino acids. Some are structural (for building) and some are enzymes (needed for chemical reactions). 3. Lipids, fats, and oils – long-term energy storage and cell membrane construction 4. Nucleic Acids ( ...
Ch 1 - Composition of cells
... In cells: – usually stored in vacuoles as starch – make up cell walls as cellulose – Glucose is used by cells for cellular ...
... In cells: – usually stored in vacuoles as starch – make up cell walls as cellulose – Glucose is used by cells for cellular ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration revision Factual revision sheet for
... The electron transport chain From syllabus – the synthesis of ATP is associated with the electron transport chain. Where is the electron transport chain found?....................................................................... In the electron transport chain the …………… atoms from ……………………… gradua ...
... The electron transport chain From syllabus – the synthesis of ATP is associated with the electron transport chain. Where is the electron transport chain found?....................................................................... In the electron transport chain the …………… atoms from ……………………… gradua ...
Document
... Humans and bacteria that make yogurt produce another product through fermenataion, namely _______. ...
... Humans and bacteria that make yogurt produce another product through fermenataion, namely _______. ...
ppt presentation
... ATOMIC MASS • PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE FAR MORE HEAVY THAN ELECTRONS • THE UNIT OF ATOMIC MASS IS THE MASS OF A PROTON OR NEUTRON • CARBON HAS AN ATOMIC MASS OF 12, THE TOTAL OF PROTONS PLUS NEUTRONS ...
... ATOMIC MASS • PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE FAR MORE HEAVY THAN ELECTRONS • THE UNIT OF ATOMIC MASS IS THE MASS OF A PROTON OR NEUTRON • CARBON HAS AN ATOMIC MASS OF 12, THE TOTAL OF PROTONS PLUS NEUTRONS ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.