2.24 MB - KFUPM Resources v3
... Heat, changes in pH, salts, and detergents can disrupt the hydrogen bonds that maintain a protein’s shape When a protein loses its shape and no longer functions, it is denatured; a breakfast egg with the “white” set around the yolk is a familiar example of denatured protein ...
... Heat, changes in pH, salts, and detergents can disrupt the hydrogen bonds that maintain a protein’s shape When a protein loses its shape and no longer functions, it is denatured; a breakfast egg with the “white” set around the yolk is a familiar example of denatured protein ...
study guide for cell energy
... *After all organisms obtain their glucose (either through eating like heterotrophs or through photosynthesis like autotrophs, they must break down the glucose to get the energy out of it. *Glucose is an energy rich sugar. *Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells break down the glucose to ...
... *After all organisms obtain their glucose (either through eating like heterotrophs or through photosynthesis like autotrophs, they must break down the glucose to get the energy out of it. *Glucose is an energy rich sugar. *Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells break down the glucose to ...
practice midterm
... 61. In the C3 cycle, where does the carbon come from to form glucose? A) from ATP and NADPH B) from chlorophyll C) from atmospheric CO2 D) from enzymes E) from water 62. In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to A) use ATP to release carbon dioxide. B) use NADPH to release carb ...
... 61. In the C3 cycle, where does the carbon come from to form glucose? A) from ATP and NADPH B) from chlorophyll C) from atmospheric CO2 D) from enzymes E) from water 62. In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to A) use ATP to release carbon dioxide. B) use NADPH to release carb ...
Chapter 5-The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... molecules are comprised of glucose molecules, the different types of glucose give them vastly different uses. • For example starch can be used by humans for food, cellulose can’t. ...
... molecules are comprised of glucose molecules, the different types of glucose give them vastly different uses. • For example starch can be used by humans for food, cellulose can’t. ...
Metabolism - Websupport1
... Electron donor is oxidized (loss energy) and electron recipient reduced (gain energy) Reduced molecule does not acquire all the energy released by oxidized molecule – thus some energy is released as heat, and formation of ATP Coenzyme acts as intermediary that accepts electrons from one molecule and ...
... Electron donor is oxidized (loss energy) and electron recipient reduced (gain energy) Reduced molecule does not acquire all the energy released by oxidized molecule – thus some energy is released as heat, and formation of ATP Coenzyme acts as intermediary that accepts electrons from one molecule and ...
Pharmacokinetic processes: metabolism
... product of the reaction more soluble in water than aspirin or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid? Enalapril is an example of a prodrug. Find some other examples. ...
... product of the reaction more soluble in water than aspirin or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid? Enalapril is an example of a prodrug. Find some other examples. ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... • The path that electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen involves many stops An enzyme called dehydrogenase and a coenzyme called NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) play important role in oxidizing glucose. ...
... • The path that electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen involves many stops An enzyme called dehydrogenase and a coenzyme called NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) play important role in oxidizing glucose. ...
скачати - ua
... Glycolysis, the Universal Process | Nine reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme, makeup the process we call glycolysis. ALL organisms have glycolysis occurring in their cytoplasm. At steps 1 and 3 ATP is converted into ADP, inputting energy into the reaction as well as attaching a phosphate ...
... Glycolysis, the Universal Process | Nine reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme, makeup the process we call glycolysis. ALL organisms have glycolysis occurring in their cytoplasm. At steps 1 and 3 ATP is converted into ADP, inputting energy into the reaction as well as attaching a phosphate ...
Name CELLULAR RESPIRATION Let`s take a look back
... C. the light-independent reaction D. the Calvin cycle 2. The three stages of cellular respiration are ________. A. Carbon fixation, the Calvin cycle, and the electron transport chain B. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain C. glycolysis, the electron transport chain, a ...
... C. the light-independent reaction D. the Calvin cycle 2. The three stages of cellular respiration are ________. A. Carbon fixation, the Calvin cycle, and the electron transport chain B. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain C. glycolysis, the electron transport chain, a ...
Condition: Maple syrup urine disease
... MSUD results from deficiency of activity of branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase, leading to accumulation of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in infancy after the first feeding. Left untreated, severe neurological impairment ensues, leading to coma and death. Initial diagnosis is based on finding ...
... MSUD results from deficiency of activity of branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase, leading to accumulation of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in infancy after the first feeding. Left untreated, severe neurological impairment ensues, leading to coma and death. Initial diagnosis is based on finding ...
Document
... • A bi-product of the glycolytic pathway is lactic acid – this lowers the extracellular pH so that it favours tumour cell proliferation AND it is toxic to normal cells. ...
... • A bi-product of the glycolytic pathway is lactic acid – this lowers the extracellular pH so that it favours tumour cell proliferation AND it is toxic to normal cells. ...
Introduction Document
... -for eukariotes (organisms whose cells have a nucleus), the mechanism is more complex than for (cells without a nucleus, like bacteria). Genes can contain alternating parts, called exons and introns (which are not transcripted). Splicing (which removes introns from the primary transcript) is done in ...
... -for eukariotes (organisms whose cells have a nucleus), the mechanism is more complex than for (cells without a nucleus, like bacteria). Genes can contain alternating parts, called exons and introns (which are not transcripted). Splicing (which removes introns from the primary transcript) is done in ...
1 - Chiropractic National Board Review Questions
... amino acid pool of the body? A. Dietary nucleic acids 83. What process converts pyruvic acid to Alanine? A. Transamination 84. What nutrients form a coenzyme which is used directly for amino acid Transamination? A. Pyroxine 85. What is catecholamine synthesized from? A. Epinephrine 86. How many esse ...
... amino acid pool of the body? A. Dietary nucleic acids 83. What process converts pyruvic acid to Alanine? A. Transamination 84. What nutrients form a coenzyme which is used directly for amino acid Transamination? A. Pyroxine 85. What is catecholamine synthesized from? A. Epinephrine 86. How many esse ...
Cell Metabolism
... Cell Respiration: is the process of converting the chemical energy in food molecules (such as glucose) into a form the cell can use (ATP). ...
... Cell Respiration: is the process of converting the chemical energy in food molecules (such as glucose) into a form the cell can use (ATP). ...
survey of biochemistry - School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... • Cleave C-C, C-O, C-N, and other bonds by elimination, leaving double bonds or rings ...
... • Cleave C-C, C-O, C-N, and other bonds by elimination, leaving double bonds or rings ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar The enzymes of this stage are found in the liquid inside ...
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar The enzymes of this stage are found in the liquid inside ...
Cells and Energy Review ____ 1. Which of the following statements
... b. all ATP is made in the cytoplasm. c. only fermentation is taking place. d. glycolysis has stopped. ____ 38. During aerobic cellular respiration, in which of the following locations do ATP molecules form? a. cytoplasm only c. mitochondrial matrix and outer membrane b. Mitochondrial matrix d. cytop ...
... b. all ATP is made in the cytoplasm. c. only fermentation is taking place. d. glycolysis has stopped. ____ 38. During aerobic cellular respiration, in which of the following locations do ATP molecules form? a. cytoplasm only c. mitochondrial matrix and outer membrane b. Mitochondrial matrix d. cytop ...
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
... the ribosome they are linear. B. A protein’s function depends on its specific shape. C. To function properly, proteins must fold, twist, and coil to a unique, threedimensional shape. ...
... the ribosome they are linear. B. A protein’s function depends on its specific shape. C. To function properly, proteins must fold, twist, and coil to a unique, threedimensional shape. ...
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
... chloride (NaCI), one electron was transferred from sodium to chlorine. The result was fonnation of a sodium ion (Na') and a chloride ion (CI"). When salt is dissolved in water, the ions separatejrom each other. The result is that the positive; sodium ions and the negative chloride ions move around a ...
... chloride (NaCI), one electron was transferred from sodium to chlorine. The result was fonnation of a sodium ion (Na') and a chloride ion (CI"). When salt is dissolved in water, the ions separatejrom each other. The result is that the positive; sodium ions and the negative chloride ions move around a ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.