CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Types of
... y Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme with receptor sites for specific inhibitors and activators: y Inhibited by ATP y Stimulated by AMP y Also sensitive to citrate (1st product Citric Acid Cycle) ...
... y Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme with receptor sites for specific inhibitors and activators: y Inhibited by ATP y Stimulated by AMP y Also sensitive to citrate (1st product Citric Acid Cycle) ...
Program Overview
... dehydration synthesis (de″hi-dra′shun sin′the-sis) joins many simple sugar molecules (monosaccharides) to form larger molecules of glycogen, which store energy in their chemical bonds. When a runner eats pasta the night before a race, digestion breaks down the plant-based complex carbohydrates in th ...
... dehydration synthesis (de″hi-dra′shun sin′the-sis) joins many simple sugar molecules (monosaccharides) to form larger molecules of glycogen, which store energy in their chemical bonds. When a runner eats pasta the night before a race, digestion breaks down the plant-based complex carbohydrates in th ...
BSCI 124: LECTURE 2
... • Another nucleotide compound is ATP, which has a role of energy transfer/exchange (e.g. like an energy currency) ...
... • Another nucleotide compound is ATP, which has a role of energy transfer/exchange (e.g. like an energy currency) ...
3. GLYCOLYSIS
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function A. Lipids: Water
... • Some lipids are steroids and function as hormones. Cholesterol is synthesized by the liver and has a role in some cell membranes, as well as in the digestion of other fats. • Some lipids function as vitamins, required for normal functioning, must be acquired from the diet. Figure 3.24 ...
... • Some lipids are steroids and function as hormones. Cholesterol is synthesized by the liver and has a role in some cell membranes, as well as in the digestion of other fats. • Some lipids function as vitamins, required for normal functioning, must be acquired from the diet. Figure 3.24 ...
Notes - Learner
... The energy produced during respiration is also used for synthesizing other molecules. To ensure the adequate supply of energy for synthesis of different molecules; plants catabolise the glucose molecule in such a way that not all the liberated energy goes out as heat. Glucose is oxidized in several ...
... The energy produced during respiration is also used for synthesizing other molecules. To ensure the adequate supply of energy for synthesis of different molecules; plants catabolise the glucose molecule in such a way that not all the liberated energy goes out as heat. Glucose is oxidized in several ...
3. CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... complete oxidation of one molecules of glucose • One molecule of glucose is converted to 2 molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis and the pyruvate is further converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase before entering into citric acid cycle. • During this process two more molecules of NADH are av ...
... complete oxidation of one molecules of glucose • One molecule of glucose is converted to 2 molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis and the pyruvate is further converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase before entering into citric acid cycle. • During this process two more molecules of NADH are av ...
File
... (1) These catalysts must have a specific shape. (3) Body temperature must be above 40°C. (2) These catalysts must be able to reproduce. (4) Body pH must be above 10. 3. The term “substrate” is most commonly used to describe (1) a chemical or material in the cell (2) the building blocks that make up ...
... (1) These catalysts must have a specific shape. (3) Body temperature must be above 40°C. (2) These catalysts must be able to reproduce. (4) Body pH must be above 10. 3. The term “substrate” is most commonly used to describe (1) a chemical or material in the cell (2) the building blocks that make up ...
Enzymeregulation
... Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. Catalysts are not changed in the reaction. Each enzyme is very specific= only reacts with a few types of molecules (substrate ...
... Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. Catalysts are not changed in the reaction. Each enzyme is very specific= only reacts with a few types of molecules (substrate ...
Preview Sample 1
... researcher prepared antibodies to the purified protein. To determine the specificity of the antibody the researcher incubated tissue sections from a knock-out mouse with the new antibody. If the antibody were specific for the protein under study, would you expect to see labeling in these tissue sect ...
... researcher prepared antibodies to the purified protein. To determine the specificity of the antibody the researcher incubated tissue sections from a knock-out mouse with the new antibody. If the antibody were specific for the protein under study, would you expect to see labeling in these tissue sect ...
WorkSheet_4ANS
... Work Sheet 4 Digestion & Absorption of Proteins & Carbohydrates 1. Delineate the roles of gastric acid during digestion in the stomach. ...
... Work Sheet 4 Digestion & Absorption of Proteins & Carbohydrates 1. Delineate the roles of gastric acid during digestion in the stomach. ...
Study guide Unit 4 Energy Cellular Repsiration KEY
... 13. List cellular activities that require the energy of ATP. Used in making RNA and DNA • Making polysaccharides • Assembly of proteins • Active transport across cell membranes • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Movement of cilia and flagella • Bioluminescence ...
... 13. List cellular activities that require the energy of ATP. Used in making RNA and DNA • Making polysaccharides • Assembly of proteins • Active transport across cell membranes • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Movement of cilia and flagella • Bioluminescence ...
Chapter 7 Notes - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... transformed, it is being oxidized by electron carrier molecules NAD+ and FAD. – Also, ATP and CO2 are produced. ...
... transformed, it is being oxidized by electron carrier molecules NAD+ and FAD. – Also, ATP and CO2 are produced. ...
Chapter 04 - Lecture Outline
... This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: a. decreasing activation energy of a reaction or b. transferring energy to special energy-carrying molecules called coenzymes. ...
... This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: a. decreasing activation energy of a reaction or b. transferring energy to special energy-carrying molecules called coenzymes. ...
BioH_Cellular Respiration
... Each protein in the chain has a higher attraction for electrons than the one before it, causing electrons to be pulled “down” the chain. The last protein of the chain passes its electrons to oxygen, which also picks up a pair of H+ from the surroundings to form water (oxygen is the “final electron a ...
... Each protein in the chain has a higher attraction for electrons than the one before it, causing electrons to be pulled “down” the chain. The last protein of the chain passes its electrons to oxygen, which also picks up a pair of H+ from the surroundings to form water (oxygen is the “final electron a ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... outside of the inner membrane. So, there is high H+ concentration outside the inner membrane. This causes H+ to enter into mitochondria through the channels (Fo); this proton influx causes ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is comple ...
... outside of the inner membrane. So, there is high H+ concentration outside the inner membrane. This causes H+ to enter into mitochondria through the channels (Fo); this proton influx causes ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is comple ...
bio project - FreedomMS-
... Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not digested to be used as energy. Instead, it passes straight through the body as soluble or insoluble fibers. They are not used by the body in any way, but they are good for the body because they attach to fatty substances and carry them out as waste. Th ...
... Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not digested to be used as energy. Instead, it passes straight through the body as soluble or insoluble fibers. They are not used by the body in any way, but they are good for the body because they attach to fatty substances and carry them out as waste. Th ...
8.2: More Evidence for Evolution: Anatomy, Embryology, and DNA
... As vertebrates evolved, the same bones were sometimes put to different uses. The structure of bones gives away their evolutionary past. Homologous Structures: structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function. ...
... As vertebrates evolved, the same bones were sometimes put to different uses. The structure of bones gives away their evolutionary past. Homologous Structures: structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function. ...
Unit 4 (Bioenergetics - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration)
... Electron carriers. Take electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain. 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s cycle 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/eukaryotic, aerobic/anaerobic)? Glycolysis because it happens in the cytoplasm 17. All ...
... Electron carriers. Take electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain. 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s cycle 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/eukaryotic, aerobic/anaerobic)? Glycolysis because it happens in the cytoplasm 17. All ...
Lesson
... ALCOHOL FERMENTATION Occurs in yeast, fungi, bacteria & plants Pyruvate becomes acetaldehyde Produces CO 2 ...
... ALCOHOL FERMENTATION Occurs in yeast, fungi, bacteria & plants Pyruvate becomes acetaldehyde Produces CO 2 ...
Calvin Cycle
... What is the Calvin Cycle? ★ The Calvin Cycle is a series of redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in organisms that do photosynthesis. ★ It is also known as light independent reactions. ★ In stage 1, fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic mo ...
... What is the Calvin Cycle? ★ The Calvin Cycle is a series of redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in organisms that do photosynthesis. ★ It is also known as light independent reactions. ★ In stage 1, fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic mo ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.