Gustave Embden, Otto Meyerof and Jakub Parnas
... anaerobic conditions Their result concluded that the decrease of carbohydrate content in working muscles is accompanied by lactate formation whereas in anaerobic conditions much less lactate is present, less is formed, or is metabolized further ...
... anaerobic conditions Their result concluded that the decrease of carbohydrate content in working muscles is accompanied by lactate formation whereas in anaerobic conditions much less lactate is present, less is formed, or is metabolized further ...
Chapter 5 Capturing and releasing Energy
... In fermentation, ATP is formed by glycolysis only • Net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Coenzyme NAD+ is regenerated, which allows glycolysis to continue • Fermentation pathways finish in the cytoplasm ...
... In fermentation, ATP is formed by glycolysis only • Net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Coenzyme NAD+ is regenerated, which allows glycolysis to continue • Fermentation pathways finish in the cytoplasm ...
CH`s 8 - FacStaff Home Page for CBU
... The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate. The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions tha ...
... The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate. The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions tha ...
aquatic animal nutrition - Department of Animal Production
... Metabolism: lipids Formation of lipids is known as lipogenesis formation is through compound known as acetyl CoA (entering into TCA cycle) fats are derived from the carbon skeleton found in all COH and non-essential amino acids Step 1: COH, NEAA broken down into 2carbon units known as aceta ...
... Metabolism: lipids Formation of lipids is known as lipogenesis formation is through compound known as acetyl CoA (entering into TCA cycle) fats are derived from the carbon skeleton found in all COH and non-essential amino acids Step 1: COH, NEAA broken down into 2carbon units known as aceta ...
Unnatural amino acids
... However, in rare cases, certain specific proteins may use alternative initiation (start) codons not normally used by that species. A detailed description of variations in the genetic code can be found at the NCBI web site. ...
... However, in rare cases, certain specific proteins may use alternative initiation (start) codons not normally used by that species. A detailed description of variations in the genetic code can be found at the NCBI web site. ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... Why do you think the cysteine side chain is involved here instead of the serine side chain (as in protease enzymes) to form an acyl intermediate? The cysteine side chain forms a thio-ester, instead of a normal ester with serine. Thio-esters are more reactive and thus more susceptible to nucleophilic ...
... Why do you think the cysteine side chain is involved here instead of the serine side chain (as in protease enzymes) to form an acyl intermediate? The cysteine side chain forms a thio-ester, instead of a normal ester with serine. Thio-esters are more reactive and thus more susceptible to nucleophilic ...
No Slide Title
... • filmless autoradiography • screens contain 'storage-phosphors' • traps the energy of radioactive emissions • sensitive to both b-particles and g-rays • efficiency ~100% for particle striking screen ...
... • filmless autoradiography • screens contain 'storage-phosphors' • traps the energy of radioactive emissions • sensitive to both b-particles and g-rays • efficiency ~100% for particle striking screen ...
Cellular Respiration
... of gases from one plant part to another. Second, plants do not present great demands for gas exchange. Roots, stems and leaves respire at rates far lower than animals do. Only during photosynthesis are large volumes of gases exchanged and, each leaf is well adapted to take care of its own needs duri ...
... of gases from one plant part to another. Second, plants do not present great demands for gas exchange. Roots, stems and leaves respire at rates far lower than animals do. Only during photosynthesis are large volumes of gases exchanged and, each leaf is well adapted to take care of its own needs duri ...
Slide 1
... The Krebs cycle a. breaks down a two-carbon molecule into two molecules of CO2. b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2. c. produces NADH from NAD+ and H+. d. generates most of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration. ...
... The Krebs cycle a. breaks down a two-carbon molecule into two molecules of CO2. b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2. c. produces NADH from NAD+ and H+. d. generates most of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration. ...
Unit 2 National 4 Summary Sheet
... Fossil fuels are mainly hydrocarbons with some impurities. Sulfur is an impurity which burns to form sulfur dioxide. This dissolves in rain water to produce acid rain. Fossil fuels are a finite resource and will run out. Alternative fuels e.g. hydrogen, biogas and methanol are being developed. Hydro ...
... Fossil fuels are mainly hydrocarbons with some impurities. Sulfur is an impurity which burns to form sulfur dioxide. This dissolves in rain water to produce acid rain. Fossil fuels are a finite resource and will run out. Alternative fuels e.g. hydrogen, biogas and methanol are being developed. Hydro ...
Aminoacids
... • If you know the nucleotide sequence you can determine the protein sequence • If you know the protein sequence you cannot completely define the nucleotide sequence that it came from. • Sequence != function or structure ...
... • If you know the nucleotide sequence you can determine the protein sequence • If you know the protein sequence you cannot completely define the nucleotide sequence that it came from. • Sequence != function or structure ...
notes- PG 2-15 in Biology Book
... Compare the energy providing compounds (carbohydrate and lipid) vs the structural material (protein). Give common examples of the four major compounds. Use chemical indicators to identify the presence of organic compounds. Explain how the amino acid sequence of a protein is related to its fu ...
... Compare the energy providing compounds (carbohydrate and lipid) vs the structural material (protein). Give common examples of the four major compounds. Use chemical indicators to identify the presence of organic compounds. Explain how the amino acid sequence of a protein is related to its fu ...
AP Biology - gwbiology
... A redox reaction is an electron transfer where one substance loses electons, called oxidation, and is aided by the reducing agent, and another substance gains elects, reduction, and is aided by the oxidizing agent. 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? Because in ...
... A redox reaction is an electron transfer where one substance loses electons, called oxidation, and is aided by the reducing agent, and another substance gains elects, reduction, and is aided by the oxidizing agent. 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? Because in ...
Cellular Energy
... Electrons in the NADH and FADH2 have a lot of energy. The electrons transfer into the chain. ...
... Electrons in the NADH and FADH2 have a lot of energy. The electrons transfer into the chain. ...
3.3
... During Digestion starch is broken down into glucose, which is carried by the blood stream to body cells where respiration occurs. ...
... During Digestion starch is broken down into glucose, which is carried by the blood stream to body cells where respiration occurs. ...
Encoding Amino Acids • mRNA codes for amino acids
... • mRNA codes for amino acids, which combine to form proteins o But in what way does RNA encode amino acids? • There are 4 RNA nucleotides • Clearly, each nucleotide cannot encode a different amino acid o After all, there are only 4 RNA nucleotides and 20 amino acids • Similarly, suppose we tried usi ...
... • mRNA codes for amino acids, which combine to form proteins o But in what way does RNA encode amino acids? • There are 4 RNA nucleotides • Clearly, each nucleotide cannot encode a different amino acid o After all, there are only 4 RNA nucleotides and 20 amino acids • Similarly, suppose we tried usi ...
Metabolic Minimap article
... malate both hydrogens come from water in the previous reaction. I never anticipated any problems with the pyruvate and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reactions. I had been happy to live with the citric acid cycle for 60 years but had never really thought about this part of it before. Where do the hydrid ...
... malate both hydrogens come from water in the previous reaction. I never anticipated any problems with the pyruvate and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reactions. I had been happy to live with the citric acid cycle for 60 years but had never really thought about this part of it before. Where do the hydrid ...
Document
... – Photosystems absorb light energy and use redox reactions to store energy in the form of ATP and NADPH – Light-dependent reactions depend on light energy – Light-independent reactions synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. ...
... – Photosystems absorb light energy and use redox reactions to store energy in the form of ATP and NADPH – Light-dependent reactions depend on light energy – Light-independent reactions synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. ...
Nucleic Acid-Metal Ion Interactions
... copious references, the syntheses of nucleotides altered in base, sugar and phosphate. Surely the main interest in such molecules (apart from admiring the synthetic abilities of organic chemists) is their use as enzyme substrates and inhibitors (reversible and irreversible), the information this pro ...
... copious references, the syntheses of nucleotides altered in base, sugar and phosphate. Surely the main interest in such molecules (apart from admiring the synthetic abilities of organic chemists) is their use as enzyme substrates and inhibitors (reversible and irreversible), the information this pro ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.