ENGINEERING PROTEINS
... Acid anhydride -(CO)2O The region in an enzyme into which the substrate binds before it reacts with it. An organic molecule that contains both an –NH2 group and a –COOH group Pairs of bases that fit neatly together thus placing groups in just the right positions for hydrogen bonds to form. These can ...
... Acid anhydride -(CO)2O The region in an enzyme into which the substrate binds before it reacts with it. An organic molecule that contains both an –NH2 group and a –COOH group Pairs of bases that fit neatly together thus placing groups in just the right positions for hydrogen bonds to form. These can ...
Fatty Acid & Protein Metabolism
... • Lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia • Dehydration and sweet taste to urine ...
... • Lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia • Dehydration and sweet taste to urine ...
Nutrition, Metabolism and Thermoregulation
... – lose one carbon from pyruvate to form CO2 (waste) – the remaining two carbons, the acetyl group, join with CoA, to generate NADH + H+ (1 from each pyruvate = 2 NADH + 2H+ total from one glucose) ...
... – lose one carbon from pyruvate to form CO2 (waste) – the remaining two carbons, the acetyl group, join with CoA, to generate NADH + H+ (1 from each pyruvate = 2 NADH + 2H+ total from one glucose) ...
H ions
... The extracellular concentration of nutrients such as sugar and inorganic salts is often low. The cellular membrane are not very permeable to these nutrients, which are hydrophilic, water soluble, and hence do not dissolve in membrane lipids. Passive uptake, which does not require energy, tends to be ...
... The extracellular concentration of nutrients such as sugar and inorganic salts is often low. The cellular membrane are not very permeable to these nutrients, which are hydrophilic, water soluble, and hence do not dissolve in membrane lipids. Passive uptake, which does not require energy, tends to be ...
Handout
... distant portions of the molecule (see image – next slide) Quaternary Structure – shape due to interactions between different polypeptides making up a larger protein ...
... distant portions of the molecule (see image – next slide) Quaternary Structure – shape due to interactions between different polypeptides making up a larger protein ...
Photosynthesis Reading
... Plant cells have molecules that absorb light energy. These molecules are called pigments. Chlorophyll (KLAWR uh FIL), the main pigment used in photosynthesis, gives plants their green color. Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts. Plants cannot use energy directly from the sun to perform life processe ...
... Plant cells have molecules that absorb light energy. These molecules are called pigments. Chlorophyll (KLAWR uh FIL), the main pigment used in photosynthesis, gives plants their green color. Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts. Plants cannot use energy directly from the sun to perform life processe ...
Reagents for Protein Sequence DeterminaXon
... hydrolysis yields all the amino acids plus the N-terminal one modified by the dansyl group. This modified amino acid is highly fluorescent and allows detection from very small amounts of protein ...
... hydrolysis yields all the amino acids plus the N-terminal one modified by the dansyl group. This modified amino acid is highly fluorescent and allows detection from very small amounts of protein ...
AP ATOMS TO CELLS TEST REVIEW
... transported and specific situation in which such transport mechanism are important in living organisms. 11. You should be familiar with the characteristics and function of enzymes and how there function relates to their three dimensional quaternary structure. Vocabulary Chapter 2 elements neutrons s ...
... transported and specific situation in which such transport mechanism are important in living organisms. 11. You should be familiar with the characteristics and function of enzymes and how there function relates to their three dimensional quaternary structure. Vocabulary Chapter 2 elements neutrons s ...
annotated slides Power Point
... • A variant of TCA for plants and bacteria • Acetate-based growth - net synthesis of carbohydrates and other intermediates from acetate - is not possible with TCA • Glyoxylate cycle offers a solution for plants and some bacteria and algae • The CO2-evolving steps are bypassed and an extra acetate is ...
... • A variant of TCA for plants and bacteria • Acetate-based growth - net synthesis of carbohydrates and other intermediates from acetate - is not possible with TCA • Glyoxylate cycle offers a solution for plants and some bacteria and algae • The CO2-evolving steps are bypassed and an extra acetate is ...
svhs lab bioogy - Sonoma Valley High School
... Explain how carbon bonding with other elements can form different shapes and #’s of bonds. Explain the role of functional groups. Contrast monomers and polymers (macromolecules). Contrast condensation reactions (dehydration synthesis) with hydrolysis. Explain how ATP stores and gives up energy for t ...
... Explain how carbon bonding with other elements can form different shapes and #’s of bonds. Explain the role of functional groups. Contrast monomers and polymers (macromolecules). Contrast condensation reactions (dehydration synthesis) with hydrolysis. Explain how ATP stores and gives up energy for t ...
Bioenergetics: How energy is utilized in living organisms
... Define – breakdown of ONLY glucose to make ATP Energy put in to get going (phosphorylation) Enzymes needed throughout H+ ions pulled off substrate (oxidation) (picked up by NAD) o Good – have energy in them Bad – if can’t use them, they turn pyruvate into lactic acid Lactic acid lowers pH; effect on ...
... Define – breakdown of ONLY glucose to make ATP Energy put in to get going (phosphorylation) Enzymes needed throughout H+ ions pulled off substrate (oxidation) (picked up by NAD) o Good – have energy in them Bad – if can’t use them, they turn pyruvate into lactic acid Lactic acid lowers pH; effect on ...
A.) There are three different categories of cellular poisons that affect
... Energy in sunlight is used in photosynthesis to make glucose from CO2 and H2O with release of O2 Other organisms use the O2 and energy in sugar and release CO2 and H2O Together, these two processes are responsible for the majority of life on Earth ...
... Energy in sunlight is used in photosynthesis to make glucose from CO2 and H2O with release of O2 Other organisms use the O2 and energy in sugar and release CO2 and H2O Together, these two processes are responsible for the majority of life on Earth ...
Ch.05The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
... interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration notes Student notes for section 3.5.2
... Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule. Glycolysis also produces two molecules of NADH (reduced NAD) which can go on to produce more ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. LINK REACTION If oxygen is available, the pyruva ...
... Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule. Glycolysis also produces two molecules of NADH (reduced NAD) which can go on to produce more ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. LINK REACTION If oxygen is available, the pyruva ...
Chapter 6 and 17 notes
... During prolonged or strenuous activity, the cells cannot get sufficient oxygen. This is anaerobic exercise. This means that the electron transport chain cannot work, as it needs oxygen. This shuts down the Krebs cycle. In this case, only glycolysis can take place. This results in a buildup of la ...
... During prolonged or strenuous activity, the cells cannot get sufficient oxygen. This is anaerobic exercise. This means that the electron transport chain cannot work, as it needs oxygen. This shuts down the Krebs cycle. In this case, only glycolysis can take place. This results in a buildup of la ...
Enzymes, ATP and Bioenergetics
... Enzyme categories: Enzymes can be categorized in a variety of ways depending on their composition, regulation, the types of reactions they catalyze and where they are. Some examples of enzyme categories are listed below. 1. Endoenzymes Vs exoenzymes – Endoenzymes are those active within living cell ...
... Enzyme categories: Enzymes can be categorized in a variety of ways depending on their composition, regulation, the types of reactions they catalyze and where they are. Some examples of enzyme categories are listed below. 1. Endoenzymes Vs exoenzymes – Endoenzymes are those active within living cell ...
Ch.05The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... The cap comes off, and the properly folded protein is released. ...
... The cap comes off, and the properly folded protein is released. ...
Ch.05The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
... interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.