Chapter 7
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once ...
... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once ...
Slide 1
... acid base reaction the COOH group donates a proton to the NH2 group • This kind of ion is called a zwitterion • Amino acids can therefore exist in three forms depending on the pH ...
... acid base reaction the COOH group donates a proton to the NH2 group • This kind of ion is called a zwitterion • Amino acids can therefore exist in three forms depending on the pH ...
Hormone such as testosterone/estrogen that could influences sex
... are 20 amino acids in most organisms. 12 of these amino acids are termed ___nonessential____________ because the body can make these on its own. The other 8 amino acids are termed ___essential________________ since the organism must rely upon these in their diet. The basic structure of an amino acid ...
... are 20 amino acids in most organisms. 12 of these amino acids are termed ___nonessential____________ because the body can make these on its own. The other 8 amino acids are termed ___essential________________ since the organism must rely upon these in their diet. The basic structure of an amino acid ...
CHEM523 Final Exam
... 29) Draw the reaction mechanism for the 3’-5’ exonuclease reaction catalyzed by the exonuclease domain of DNA Pol I. (Hint: Tyr 423 of DNA Pol I activates a water molecule which then serves as a nucleophile to begin the cleavage of the base from the strand. A metal ion is involved in the reaction a ...
... 29) Draw the reaction mechanism for the 3’-5’ exonuclease reaction catalyzed by the exonuclease domain of DNA Pol I. (Hint: Tyr 423 of DNA Pol I activates a water molecule which then serves as a nucleophile to begin the cleavage of the base from the strand. A metal ion is involved in the reaction a ...
Slide ()
... Pathways, enzymes, and coenzymes involved in the homocystinurias. Methionine transfers a methyl group during its conversion to homocysteine. Defects in methyl transfer or in the subsequent metabolism of homocysteine by the pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6)-dependent cystathionine β-synthase increase ...
... Pathways, enzymes, and coenzymes involved in the homocystinurias. Methionine transfers a methyl group during its conversion to homocysteine. Defects in methyl transfer or in the subsequent metabolism of homocysteine by the pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6)-dependent cystathionine β-synthase increase ...
Slide ()
... Pathways, enzymes, and coenzymes involved in the homocystinurias. Methionine transfers a methyl group during its conversion to homocysteine. Defects in methyl transfer or in the subsequent metabolism of homocysteine by the pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6)-dependent cystathionine β-synthase increase ...
... Pathways, enzymes, and coenzymes involved in the homocystinurias. Methionine transfers a methyl group during its conversion to homocysteine. Defects in methyl transfer or in the subsequent metabolism of homocysteine by the pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6)-dependent cystathionine β-synthase increase ...
3. Metabolism - Professor Monzir Abdel
... Phase II enzymes may be either microsomal or cytosolic. This is because the primary purpose of the Phase II reactions is not so much to increase the polarity of the parent compound (although that is part of what they accomplish). The primary purpose is to increase the molecular weight of the parent ...
... Phase II enzymes may be either microsomal or cytosolic. This is because the primary purpose of the Phase II reactions is not so much to increase the polarity of the parent compound (although that is part of what they accomplish). The primary purpose is to increase the molecular weight of the parent ...
Ch6PROTEIN
... • Albumin transports a variety of nutrients such as calcium, zinc, and Vitamin B6 • Transferrin transports iron (hemoglobin – a protein, contains iron, but it transports oxygen) • Proteins may also acts as channels or pumps across the cell membrane Energy Source • If the diet does not provide enough ...
... • Albumin transports a variety of nutrients such as calcium, zinc, and Vitamin B6 • Transferrin transports iron (hemoglobin – a protein, contains iron, but it transports oxygen) • Proteins may also acts as channels or pumps across the cell membrane Energy Source • If the diet does not provide enough ...
Citrate cycle - 3.LF UK 2015
... Enzymes of the citrate cycle a) are found in all cells b) are located in a mitochondrion c) catalyze freely reverzible reactions d) produce coenzymes which are regenerated in a respiratory chain ...
... Enzymes of the citrate cycle a) are found in all cells b) are located in a mitochondrion c) catalyze freely reverzible reactions d) produce coenzymes which are regenerated in a respiratory chain ...
Macromolecule
... Biological macromolecules: Organic molecules that weigh more than 100,000 Dalton's. (1 Dalton 1.66 x 10 26 g) Four main macromolecules: These macromolecules are constructed of smaller units called polymers. These polymers are subdivided into their basic units called monomers. Polymers accou ...
... Biological macromolecules: Organic molecules that weigh more than 100,000 Dalton's. (1 Dalton 1.66 x 10 26 g) Four main macromolecules: These macromolecules are constructed of smaller units called polymers. These polymers are subdivided into their basic units called monomers. Polymers accou ...
Document
... ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the more calories it has ...
... ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the more calories it has ...
Chemical Reactions
... reactions. A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. The elements or compounds that enter into the reaction are the reactants. The elements or compounds produced by the reaction are the products. Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemic ...
... reactions. A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. The elements or compounds that enter into the reaction are the reactants. The elements or compounds produced by the reaction are the products. Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemic ...
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a
... These three like charges are crowded together, and their mutual repulsion contributes to the instability of this region of the ATP molecule. e. In the cell, the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule. i ...
... These three like charges are crowded together, and their mutual repulsion contributes to the instability of this region of the ATP molecule. e. In the cell, the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule. i ...
File - miss marsh science
... • Fats (lipids) are large molecules. • The presence of lipids can be detected by the emulsion test. • First collect a sample of the food and add a few drops of ethanol. • Cover the test tube with your thumb, shake for a few seconds. • Now add a few drops of water. • Cover, shake for a few seconds. • ...
... • Fats (lipids) are large molecules. • The presence of lipids can be detected by the emulsion test. • First collect a sample of the food and add a few drops of ethanol. • Cover the test tube with your thumb, shake for a few seconds. • Now add a few drops of water. • Cover, shake for a few seconds. • ...
Lecture 1
... The simplest lipids fatty acid are formed of two parts: - The hydrophilic head (COOH) which found in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of the cell - The hydrophobic tail (long Hydrocarbon chain, most frequently containing 16 - 18 carbon atoms) which is unable to interac ...
... The simplest lipids fatty acid are formed of two parts: - The hydrophilic head (COOH) which found in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of the cell - The hydrophobic tail (long Hydrocarbon chain, most frequently containing 16 - 18 carbon atoms) which is unable to interac ...
Chapter Outline
... 2. Degradative reactions (catabolism) break down molecules; they tend to be exergonic. 3. Synthetic reactions (anabolism) build molecules; they tend to be endergonic. A. Catabolism 1. Just as glucose is broken down in cellular respiration, other molecules in the cell undergo catabolism. 2. Fat break ...
... 2. Degradative reactions (catabolism) break down molecules; they tend to be exergonic. 3. Synthetic reactions (anabolism) build molecules; they tend to be endergonic. A. Catabolism 1. Just as glucose is broken down in cellular respiration, other molecules in the cell undergo catabolism. 2. Fat break ...
FPG Summary
... - Saturated fatty acid —> only single bonds (linear) - Unsaturated fatty acid —> 1 or more double bonds (bent) • 16:0 —> 16 carbons long with no double bonds (saturated) • 18:2 —> 18 carbons long with 2 double bonds (unsaturated) - e.g. omega-6-fatty acid —> distance between ω carbon and double bond ...
... - Saturated fatty acid —> only single bonds (linear) - Unsaturated fatty acid —> 1 or more double bonds (bent) • 16:0 —> 16 carbons long with no double bonds (saturated) • 18:2 —> 18 carbons long with 2 double bonds (unsaturated) - e.g. omega-6-fatty acid —> distance between ω carbon and double bond ...
New Mexico Medicaid Utilization Review Medical Justification for
... NM Medicaid will only cover nutritional products in two circumstances: specially formulated medical foods that are prescribed to treat inborn errors of metabolism* or internal (not oral) nutritional products that are delivered by a feeding tube. ...
... NM Medicaid will only cover nutritional products in two circumstances: specially formulated medical foods that are prescribed to treat inborn errors of metabolism* or internal (not oral) nutritional products that are delivered by a feeding tube. ...
Lecture 05 Notes: Diffusion, Osmosis and Membranes
... 9. In active transport, transport proteins pump target particles against their concentration gradients; thus, kinetic energy would actually work against active transport. An outside energy source is needed to cause the necessary shape change; ATP usually does the job. 10. Mechanisms particles that c ...
... 9. In active transport, transport proteins pump target particles against their concentration gradients; thus, kinetic energy would actually work against active transport. An outside energy source is needed to cause the necessary shape change; ATP usually does the job. 10. Mechanisms particles that c ...
The Process of Chemical Reactions, Equilibrium
... the protein called its tertiary structure. • The protein chain is held in its tertiary structure by interactions between the side chains of its amino acids. – Disulfide bonds – Hydrogen bonds – Salt bridges ...
... the protein called its tertiary structure. • The protein chain is held in its tertiary structure by interactions between the side chains of its amino acids. – Disulfide bonds – Hydrogen bonds – Salt bridges ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.