Metabolic engineering Synthetic Biology
... • Biofuels: Production of ethanol from corn starch or sugarcane Harder to transport than petrol Raise of global food prices • Need for high-energy fuel : Fatty-acid derived fuels Energy-rich molecule than ethanol Isolated from plant and animal oils • More economic route starting from renewable ...
... • Biofuels: Production of ethanol from corn starch or sugarcane Harder to transport than petrol Raise of global food prices • Need for high-energy fuel : Fatty-acid derived fuels Energy-rich molecule than ethanol Isolated from plant and animal oils • More economic route starting from renewable ...
Year 12 Chemistry: Chapter 14 From Organic Molecules to Medicines
... Year 12 Chemistry: Chapter 14 From Organic Molecules to Medicines One very useful application of organic reaction pathways is in the design and synthesis of medicines. The main ingredients of medicines are drugs- substances that affect how the body functions. A drug is any substance that alters a ch ...
... Year 12 Chemistry: Chapter 14 From Organic Molecules to Medicines One very useful application of organic reaction pathways is in the design and synthesis of medicines. The main ingredients of medicines are drugs- substances that affect how the body functions. A drug is any substance that alters a ch ...
2 - World of Teaching
... Proteins which fold into a ball or ‘globule’ like Myoglobin are called Globular Proteins. They tend to be soluble. The most common group of Globular Proteins are ENZYMES which control the reactions in ...
... Proteins which fold into a ball or ‘globule’ like Myoglobin are called Globular Proteins. They tend to be soluble. The most common group of Globular Proteins are ENZYMES which control the reactions in ...
Life and Chemistry: Large Molecules
... Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids • Proteins are polymers of amino acids. They are molecules with diverse structures and functions. • Each different type of protein has a characteristic amino acid composition and order. • Proteins range in size from a few amino acids to thousands of them. • Folding ...
... Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids • Proteins are polymers of amino acids. They are molecules with diverse structures and functions. • Each different type of protein has a characteristic amino acid composition and order. • Proteins range in size from a few amino acids to thousands of them. • Folding ...
Practice Exam 1 Answers
... B. Yes, if it is coupled to another reaction. C. Yes, it is spontaneous. D. No, it will never occur. E. Yes, if it takes place within a constrained area. 9. The type of structure to which α-helices, β sheets, and turns are referred. A. Primary structure B. Secondary structure C. Tertiary structure D ...
... B. Yes, if it is coupled to another reaction. C. Yes, it is spontaneous. D. No, it will never occur. E. Yes, if it takes place within a constrained area. 9. The type of structure to which α-helices, β sheets, and turns are referred. A. Primary structure B. Secondary structure C. Tertiary structure D ...
Lecture 33 Carbohydrates1
... dephosphorylation of fructose-1,6BP to form fructose-6P; this is the bypass reaction for PFK-1 in glycolysis. FBPase-1 is inhibited by the allosteric regulators F2,6BP and AMP which are also allosteric activators of PFK-1. Glucose-6-phosphatase - is an enzyme in liver and kidney cells (not present i ...
... dephosphorylation of fructose-1,6BP to form fructose-6P; this is the bypass reaction for PFK-1 in glycolysis. FBPase-1 is inhibited by the allosteric regulators F2,6BP and AMP which are also allosteric activators of PFK-1. Glucose-6-phosphatase - is an enzyme in liver and kidney cells (not present i ...
Lecture 27
... intermediates or precursors to be metabolized to CO2, H2O, or for use in gluconeogenesis. Aminoacids are glucogenic, ketogenic or both. Glucogenic amino acids-carbon skeletons are broken down to pyruvate, -ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate (glucose precursors). Ketogenic amino ...
... intermediates or precursors to be metabolized to CO2, H2O, or for use in gluconeogenesis. Aminoacids are glucogenic, ketogenic or both. Glucogenic amino acids-carbon skeletons are broken down to pyruvate, -ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate (glucose precursors). Ketogenic amino ...
Nutrisi & Pertumbuhan Mikrobia
... energy and hydrogen atoms or electrons. • Nutrient molecules frequently cannot cross selectively permeable plasma membranes through passive diffusion. They must be transported by one of three major mechanisms involving the use of membrane carrier proteins. ...
... energy and hydrogen atoms or electrons. • Nutrient molecules frequently cannot cross selectively permeable plasma membranes through passive diffusion. They must be transported by one of three major mechanisms involving the use of membrane carrier proteins. ...
Lecture The Plant Cell and Physiological Processes
... Biological energy is derived from light energy, chlorophyll, and splitting of water. Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen ions occurs. 2H2O ...
... Biological energy is derived from light energy, chlorophyll, and splitting of water. Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen ions occurs. 2H2O ...
Biology Midterm Review
... Section 2 – Pigment, chlorophyll, carotenoid, thylakoid, electron transport chain, NADPH, carbon dioxide fixation, Calvin cycle. Section 3- Aerobic, anaerobic, glycolysis, NADH, Krebs cycle, FADH2, fermentation. ...
... Section 2 – Pigment, chlorophyll, carotenoid, thylakoid, electron transport chain, NADPH, carbon dioxide fixation, Calvin cycle. Section 3- Aerobic, anaerobic, glycolysis, NADH, Krebs cycle, FADH2, fermentation. ...
Intro-Cell-Physiology
... – Plasma membrane encompasses the functional cell unit – Membranes segregate most other individual components of the cell • Nucleus • Organelles ...
... – Plasma membrane encompasses the functional cell unit – Membranes segregate most other individual components of the cell • Nucleus • Organelles ...
REGULAR BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT GUIDE Due Thurs, 9/10 Monday
... Dehydration Synthesis: chemical reaction in which water is formed when two molecules are joined. Hydrolysis : chemical reaction in which a water molecule is broken and one molecule is broken down into two products. Chemical Bond: Attraction between atoms that creates chemical substances containing t ...
... Dehydration Synthesis: chemical reaction in which water is formed when two molecules are joined. Hydrolysis : chemical reaction in which a water molecule is broken and one molecule is broken down into two products. Chemical Bond: Attraction between atoms that creates chemical substances containing t ...
Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
... molecule releases an H which combine to form a molecule of water. The disaccharide sucrose is formed by this reacon. ATP breaks down into a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a free phosphate group. This reacon releases energy. With 7 valence e‐ carbon would then only be able to make one bo ...
... molecule releases an H which combine to form a molecule of water. The disaccharide sucrose is formed by this reacon. ATP breaks down into a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a free phosphate group. This reacon releases energy. With 7 valence e‐ carbon would then only be able to make one bo ...
Chapter 16 Section A: Control and Integration of Carbohydrate
... Describe the anatomical route by which fats do not pass first through the liver after being absorbed from the gut? What molecule is the major source of energy during the absorptive state? What tissue accounts for the vast majority of body mass, and the thus the greatest consumer of energy, even at r ...
... Describe the anatomical route by which fats do not pass first through the liver after being absorbed from the gut? What molecule is the major source of energy during the absorptive state? What tissue accounts for the vast majority of body mass, and the thus the greatest consumer of energy, even at r ...
Chapter 16 Section A: Control and Integration of
... Describe the anatomical route by which fats do not pass first through the liver after being absorbed from the gut? What molecule is the major source of energy during the absorptive state? What tissue accounts for the vast majority of body mass, and the thus the greatest consumer of energy, even at r ...
... Describe the anatomical route by which fats do not pass first through the liver after being absorbed from the gut? What molecule is the major source of energy during the absorptive state? What tissue accounts for the vast majority of body mass, and the thus the greatest consumer of energy, even at r ...
All in-class activities_Colonization
... ends up making two daughter cells. You should know how to explain this story: For prokaryotic cells to grow by binary fission in order to colonize or infect a host they need to 1. adhere to the host, get past the normal microbiota, 2. have the right environment, 3. transport in necessary nutrients, ...
... ends up making two daughter cells. You should know how to explain this story: For prokaryotic cells to grow by binary fission in order to colonize or infect a host they need to 1. adhere to the host, get past the normal microbiota, 2. have the right environment, 3. transport in necessary nutrients, ...
how cells obtain energy from food
... To make possible the continual generation of order in cells, energetically favorable reactions, such as the hydrolysis of ATP, are coupled to energetically unfavorable reactions. In the biosynthesis of macromolecules, ATP is used to form reactive phosphorylated intermediates. Because the energetical ...
... To make possible the continual generation of order in cells, energetically favorable reactions, such as the hydrolysis of ATP, are coupled to energetically unfavorable reactions. In the biosynthesis of macromolecules, ATP is used to form reactive phosphorylated intermediates. Because the energetical ...
10. Keystone Assessment Anchor-
... Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) A biological macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms and is capable of self‐replication and the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Diffusion The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; a n ...
... Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) A biological macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms and is capable of self‐replication and the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Diffusion The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; a n ...
4. Organic Cmpd
... There are several types of lipids, but all contain subunits of glycerol and fatty acids made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is different from a carbohydrate because of the ratio and because the smaller units do not link together to form a chemical chain ...
... There are several types of lipids, but all contain subunits of glycerol and fatty acids made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is different from a carbohydrate because of the ratio and because the smaller units do not link together to form a chemical chain ...
Gel electrophoresis
... combinations and sequences to form specific proteins. The net charge of a protein will depend on its amino acid composition. If it has more positively charged amino acids such that the sum of the positive charges exceeds the sum of the negative charges, the protein will have an overall positive char ...
... combinations and sequences to form specific proteins. The net charge of a protein will depend on its amino acid composition. If it has more positively charged amino acids such that the sum of the positive charges exceeds the sum of the negative charges, the protein will have an overall positive char ...
Focus on Metabolism
... known as anabolism. Each of the essential nutrients plays a unique role in metabolism. ...
... known as anabolism. Each of the essential nutrients plays a unique role in metabolism. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.