Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and degradation by the AMP
... The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a kinase cascade that is activated by rising AMP and falling ATP, which together signal a fall in cellular energy status. Although it probably has many targets, two key targets are acetylCoA carboxylase-1 and -2 (ACCI and ACCZ), ...
... The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a kinase cascade that is activated by rising AMP and falling ATP, which together signal a fall in cellular energy status. Although it probably has many targets, two key targets are acetylCoA carboxylase-1 and -2 (ACCI and ACCZ), ...
Problem set 7 - Review for final
... 14. Constract the nucleic acid that is represented as G U A C. Draw the structure of the entire molecule. Use the letter abbreviations for the bases. Label the 5’ end and the 3’ end of the nucleic acid. Circle the backbone of the polynucleotide. What is(are) the secondary product(s)? You have constr ...
... 14. Constract the nucleic acid that is represented as G U A C. Draw the structure of the entire molecule. Use the letter abbreviations for the bases. Label the 5’ end and the 3’ end of the nucleic acid. Circle the backbone of the polynucleotide. What is(are) the secondary product(s)? You have constr ...
products
... • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose is added to the electron carrier NAD+. H+ is added to NAD+ to become NADH. This is called a reduction. (gain of electrons) • The PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: • 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES • ...
... • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose is added to the electron carrier NAD+. H+ is added to NAD+ to become NADH. This is called a reduction. (gain of electrons) • The PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: • 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES • ...
Chapter 14 – The Origin of Life
... Pasture conducted a similar experiment to Spallanzani instead of sealing the flask shut, he made a curved-neck flask that allowed air in, but kept microorganisms out After boiling, the broth remained clear for a year He broke the neck off of his flask, and the broth became ...
... Pasture conducted a similar experiment to Spallanzani instead of sealing the flask shut, he made a curved-neck flask that allowed air in, but kept microorganisms out After boiling, the broth remained clear for a year He broke the neck off of his flask, and the broth became ...
Photosynthesis - Kania´s Science Page
... gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH. NADP+ is an electron carrier molecule, which holds two electrons and a Hydrogen Ion which then traps energy and turns it into NADPH which is used to help build glucose Occur in the thylakoid ...
... gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH. NADP+ is an electron carrier molecule, which holds two electrons and a Hydrogen Ion which then traps energy and turns it into NADPH which is used to help build glucose Occur in the thylakoid ...
Exam 4 KEY
... molecule covalently linked to several fatty acids. A. (2 pts) Why is this fat substitute considered a zero calorie fat molecule? Because pancreatic lipase does not recognize Olestra as a substrate and it passes through the body without giving up its fatty acid components for energy storage. B. (3 pt ...
... molecule covalently linked to several fatty acids. A. (2 pts) Why is this fat substitute considered a zero calorie fat molecule? Because pancreatic lipase does not recognize Olestra as a substrate and it passes through the body without giving up its fatty acid components for energy storage. B. (3 pt ...
NOTES: Ch 9, part 4
... The Versatility of Catabolism ● Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration ● Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates ● Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle ● Fats are digested t ...
... The Versatility of Catabolism ● Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration ● Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates ● Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle ● Fats are digested t ...
UNIT I - apbiologypathways
... There are more than three energy levels, but biologists are concerned with 18 total electrons. Atoms are most stable when their outer energy level is filled with electrons. Of the three atomic particles, only the electrons are directly involved in the chemical reactions between atoms. Not every elec ...
... There are more than three energy levels, but biologists are concerned with 18 total electrons. Atoms are most stable when their outer energy level is filled with electrons. Of the three atomic particles, only the electrons are directly involved in the chemical reactions between atoms. Not every elec ...
Review guide – Trimester 1 Finals General Biology – 2012 Chapter
... hydrocarbons, carbon skeleton Functional groups, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, phosphate group, hydroxyl group Monomers, polymers, dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction), hydrolysis, macromolecules Carbohydrates, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, simple sugars, starches Disaccharide ...
... hydrocarbons, carbon skeleton Functional groups, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, phosphate group, hydroxyl group Monomers, polymers, dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction), hydrolysis, macromolecules Carbohydrates, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, simple sugars, starches Disaccharide ...
File
... 5. Invested to energize glucose molecule at start of process 6. Reduced as glucose is oxidized 7. Glucose converted to two molecules of this 8. Assembled to make ATP 9. "splitting of sugar" tO. Carries hydrogen and electrons from oxidation of glucose ...
... 5. Invested to energize glucose molecule at start of process 6. Reduced as glucose is oxidized 7. Glucose converted to two molecules of this 8. Assembled to make ATP 9. "splitting of sugar" tO. Carries hydrogen and electrons from oxidation of glucose ...
Biomolecules
... By removing one of the fatty acids in a triglyceride and replacing it with a phosphate group makes the phospholipid ...
... By removing one of the fatty acids in a triglyceride and replacing it with a phosphate group makes the phospholipid ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Metabolism: collective product of all the biochemical reactions taking place within an organism. New cytoplasm is produced, damage repaired, and normal cells are maintained. Metabolism includes photosynthesis, respiration, digestion, and assimilation. Movement: plants can also move. Leaves of sensit ...
... Metabolism: collective product of all the biochemical reactions taking place within an organism. New cytoplasm is produced, damage repaired, and normal cells are maintained. Metabolism includes photosynthesis, respiration, digestion, and assimilation. Movement: plants can also move. Leaves of sensit ...
AA lecture 2 urea cycle
... • Urea is a major source of nitrogen for oral bacteria. • It diffuses through most membranes and is in saliva. • Bacterial urease produces NH4+. • Glutamate dehydrogenase incorporates NH4+ into -keto acids to obtain amino acids for bacterial growth. ...
... • Urea is a major source of nitrogen for oral bacteria. • It diffuses through most membranes and is in saliva. • Bacterial urease produces NH4+. • Glutamate dehydrogenase incorporates NH4+ into -keto acids to obtain amino acids for bacterial growth. ...
biology exam review - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 27. The point at which a substance is evenly dispersed within a fluid a) is referred to as a dynamic equilibrium b) occurs when random movements of the substance cease c) happens when net diffusion is zero d) is referred to as a dynamic equilibrium and happens when net diffusion is zero 28. In ender ...
... 27. The point at which a substance is evenly dispersed within a fluid a) is referred to as a dynamic equilibrium b) occurs when random movements of the substance cease c) happens when net diffusion is zero d) is referred to as a dynamic equilibrium and happens when net diffusion is zero 28. In ender ...
Week 2
... The mRNA is grabbed by the ribosome The tRNA collects the next amino acid encoded for by the next codon in the mRNA sequence The polypeptide chain grows by the appending of successive amino acids When a stop codon is encountered, the ribosome releases the mRNA and the ...
... The mRNA is grabbed by the ribosome The tRNA collects the next amino acid encoded for by the next codon in the mRNA sequence The polypeptide chain grows by the appending of successive amino acids When a stop codon is encountered, the ribosome releases the mRNA and the ...
Translation: Changing languages
... "The main idea was that it was very difficult to consider how DNA or RNA, in any conceivable form, could provide a direct template for the side-chains of the twenty standard amino acids. What any structure was likely to have was a specific pattern of atomic groups that could form hydrogen bonds. I t ...
... "The main idea was that it was very difficult to consider how DNA or RNA, in any conceivable form, could provide a direct template for the side-chains of the twenty standard amino acids. What any structure was likely to have was a specific pattern of atomic groups that could form hydrogen bonds. I t ...
Lec 01 - History of Microbiology True or False 1. Robert Koch is the
... 7. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are a type of: (a) Soap (b) Alkylating agent (c) Detergent (d) Phenolic substance ...
... 7. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are a type of: (a) Soap (b) Alkylating agent (c) Detergent (d) Phenolic substance ...
Who should get the Nobel prize Who are my all
... 4: Abiogenesis: Biological life arises from inorganic matter through natural processes. What we will discuss today. ...
... 4: Abiogenesis: Biological life arises from inorganic matter through natural processes. What we will discuss today. ...
Principles of Life
... replicated semi-conservatively by base pairing, and that it was expressed in proteins. What was not understood was how the nucleotide sequence information in DNA was translated into an amino acid sequence in a protein. Francis Crick proposed that the intermediary between DNA and protein was RNA and ...
... replicated semi-conservatively by base pairing, and that it was expressed in proteins. What was not understood was how the nucleotide sequence information in DNA was translated into an amino acid sequence in a protein. Francis Crick proposed that the intermediary between DNA and protein was RNA and ...
Background - WordPress.com
... In addition to buffering the medium, there are other growth requirements including amino acids, the requirement for which may vary with cell culture type. Commonly the necessary amino acids include cysteine and tyrosine, but some non-essential amino acids may be needed. Glutamine is also required by ...
... In addition to buffering the medium, there are other growth requirements including amino acids, the requirement for which may vary with cell culture type. Commonly the necessary amino acids include cysteine and tyrosine, but some non-essential amino acids may be needed. Glutamine is also required by ...
Practice photosynthesis/Respiration
... D) oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water E) NADH, FADH2 , and electrons 33) Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along this chain? A) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. B) Energy of the electrons increases at each step. C) Molecules i ...
... D) oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water E) NADH, FADH2 , and electrons 33) Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along this chain? A) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. B) Energy of the electrons increases at each step. C) Molecules i ...
Metabolism
... Glycolysis- 10 steps • Glucose is Phosphorylated to form Fructose 1,6-diphosphate • Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate • Final Products are: – 2 Pyruvic Acid (C3H4O3) • Compare to original glucose - C6H12O6 ...
... Glycolysis- 10 steps • Glucose is Phosphorylated to form Fructose 1,6-diphosphate • Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate • Final Products are: – 2 Pyruvic Acid (C3H4O3) • Compare to original glucose - C6H12O6 ...
Chap16 Microbial Polysaccharides
... Numeric designation: e.g. 18:3(n-6). 18: # of carbons in the acyl chain; 3: indicates the number of double bonds; (n-6) indicates which series the fatty acid belongs to (Fig. 16.18) and denotes the position of the last double bond relative to the terminal methyl ...
... Numeric designation: e.g. 18:3(n-6). 18: # of carbons in the acyl chain; 3: indicates the number of double bonds; (n-6) indicates which series the fatty acid belongs to (Fig. 16.18) and denotes the position of the last double bond relative to the terminal methyl ...
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 P Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 4
... The Oxidative (Aerobic) Energy System Requires oxygen to generate ATP The aerobic production of energy does not produce any toxic waste products and so is the preferred system for prolonged exercise. Used during physical activity that lasts longer than ~2 minutes (e.g. distance running, hiking ...
... The Oxidative (Aerobic) Energy System Requires oxygen to generate ATP The aerobic production of energy does not produce any toxic waste products and so is the preferred system for prolonged exercise. Used during physical activity that lasts longer than ~2 minutes (e.g. distance running, hiking ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.