40_Biochemical functions of liver
... metabolism of fructose and galactose gluconeogenesis release of glucose into blood (maintain the stable glucose concentration in blood) conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA tricarboxylic acid cycle pentose phosphate pathway glycogenolysis, glycogenogenesis ...
... metabolism of fructose and galactose gluconeogenesis release of glucose into blood (maintain the stable glucose concentration in blood) conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA tricarboxylic acid cycle pentose phosphate pathway glycogenolysis, glycogenogenesis ...
Biological membranes, cell compartments
... • The most dynamic part of cytoskeleton are microfilaments (actin filaments). • Diameter is 6nm • Formed by two linear polymers of actin subunits ...
... • The most dynamic part of cytoskeleton are microfilaments (actin filaments). • Diameter is 6nm • Formed by two linear polymers of actin subunits ...
Metabolism of RBC
... peroxidase, to dispose of powerful oxidants (ROS, reactive oxygen species) generated during its ...
... peroxidase, to dispose of powerful oxidants (ROS, reactive oxygen species) generated during its ...
Oxidative degradation of glucose File
... • The high-energy phosphate of phosphoenol pyruvate is transferred to ADP by the enzyme pyruvate kinase to generate, at this stage, two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized and enolpyruvate is formed. • Enolpyruvate formed is converted spontaneousny to the keto form pyruvate. This is an ...
... • The high-energy phosphate of phosphoenol pyruvate is transferred to ADP by the enzyme pyruvate kinase to generate, at this stage, two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized and enolpyruvate is formed. • Enolpyruvate formed is converted spontaneousny to the keto form pyruvate. This is an ...
The Theme of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Glycolysis and Cellular
... The main point of oxidative phosphorylation is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP production. Similarly, the main purpose of playing arcade games is to win tickets for prizes (okay, and also maybe to have fun and earn high scores in the games). NADH is more often the electron ...
... The main point of oxidative phosphorylation is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP production. Similarly, the main purpose of playing arcade games is to win tickets for prizes (okay, and also maybe to have fun and earn high scores in the games). NADH is more often the electron ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration, process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of most organisms becau ...
... Cellular Respiration, process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of most organisms becau ...
fatty acid metabolism
... – RBC count, urea, bicarbonate, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, ammonia all WNL – Urinalysis normal (no organic acids) ...
... – RBC count, urea, bicarbonate, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, ammonia all WNL – Urinalysis normal (no organic acids) ...
cytology_chemicals
... Both are steroids with four fused carbon rings, but they differ in the functional groups attached to the rings. These then interact with different targets in the body. ...
... Both are steroids with four fused carbon rings, but they differ in the functional groups attached to the rings. These then interact with different targets in the body. ...
proteins
... • Even a slight change in primary structure can affect a protein’s conformation and ability to function. • In individuals with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobins, oxygen-carrying proteins, develop because of a single amino acid substitution. • These abnormal hemoglobins crystallize, deformin ...
... • Even a slight change in primary structure can affect a protein’s conformation and ability to function. • In individuals with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobins, oxygen-carrying proteins, develop because of a single amino acid substitution. • These abnormal hemoglobins crystallize, deformin ...
Chapter 3 Protein Synthesis Life Science RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
... together to create a specific protein. • a. Proteins and Amino Acids ...
... together to create a specific protein. • a. Proteins and Amino Acids ...
Chemistry - cloudfront.net
... Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Chemical bonds between atoms form because of the interaction of their electrons. The electronegativity of an atom, or the ability of an atom to attract electrons, plays a large part in determining the kind of bond that forms. ...
... Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Chemical bonds between atoms form because of the interaction of their electrons. The electronegativity of an atom, or the ability of an atom to attract electrons, plays a large part in determining the kind of bond that forms. ...
SGLT2 Inhibitors
... Metabolism in Health and Disease a) Heart b) Kidney c) Other Tissues Role of SGLT-2 ...
... Metabolism in Health and Disease a) Heart b) Kidney c) Other Tissues Role of SGLT-2 ...
... This is not an example of direct coupling using ATP hydrolysis. How do you know? Both the substrate (F-1-6-P) and the products have a total of two phosphates. Therefore there is no change in the number of phosphate groups, i.e. ATP has no place to transfer its phosphate. You might imagine a fanciful ...
PPT4 - Ycmou
... Large complex macromolecules of energy source into basic building blocks such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol. ...
... Large complex macromolecules of energy source into basic building blocks such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol. ...
... • Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is accompanied by the switch from pyruvate kinase isoform M1 (PKM1) to PKM2, which is regulated by growth factors and tyrosine phosphorylation. When oxidative stress in low, PKM2 is active and glucose is metabolized through phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate to lac ...
cell cycle
... Cell membrane (separates the internal environment of cell from external environment). a. Phospholipid bilayer (selectively permeable; amphipathic) b. Fluid mosaic model (in motion; proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins and glycolipids among phospholipids). Membrane is hydrophilic on inside and outsid ...
... Cell membrane (separates the internal environment of cell from external environment). a. Phospholipid bilayer (selectively permeable; amphipathic) b. Fluid mosaic model (in motion; proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins and glycolipids among phospholipids). Membrane is hydrophilic on inside and outsid ...
Just a Few Things 2012
... In BOTH types of cell the same types of reaction occur at the same electrode: ANode — OXidation ...
... In BOTH types of cell the same types of reaction occur at the same electrode: ANode — OXidation ...
Chapter 12 Pathways to biomolecules
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
Slides
... These terms refer to a lack of oxygen while training/racing and after such activity is over. Oxygen Deficit. While exercising intensely the body is sometimes unable to fulfil all of its energy needs. In order to make up the difference without sacrificing the output, the body must tap into its anaero ...
... These terms refer to a lack of oxygen while training/racing and after such activity is over. Oxygen Deficit. While exercising intensely the body is sometimes unable to fulfil all of its energy needs. In order to make up the difference without sacrificing the output, the body must tap into its anaero ...
Yr12Ch12 - ChemistryVCE
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
Chapter 8 THE ENERGY CONSUMING PROCESS OF RESPIRATION
... The direction H+ ion diffusion is indicated by the location of ATP synthase proteins (lollipops). Mictochondria and some bacteria use chemiosmosis to make ATP during cell respiration. Chloroplasts use chemiosmosis to make ATP as part of photosynthsis. ...
... The direction H+ ion diffusion is indicated by the location of ATP synthase proteins (lollipops). Mictochondria and some bacteria use chemiosmosis to make ATP during cell respiration. Chloroplasts use chemiosmosis to make ATP as part of photosynthsis. ...
Hans Adolf Krebs (2)
... In the poisoned system, only one pyruvate could be oxidized per one oxaloacetate molecule ...
... In the poisoned system, only one pyruvate could be oxidized per one oxaloacetate molecule ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.