Alpha oxidation
... rearranged to form succinyl coA by Lmethyl malonyl coA mutase. The reaction needs vitamin B12 co-enzyme. 4. Then Succinyl coA enters TCA cycle, finally converted to oxaloacetate, and is used for gluconeogenesis. ...
... rearranged to form succinyl coA by Lmethyl malonyl coA mutase. The reaction needs vitamin B12 co-enzyme. 4. Then Succinyl coA enters TCA cycle, finally converted to oxaloacetate, and is used for gluconeogenesis. ...
Simulating Biological and Chemical Processes of
... Anaerobic digestion is a highly complex process containing numerous biological and chemical reactions taking place simultaneously. The stability of an anaerobic digestion system depends on the composition of the substrates and how microorganisms themselves convert the given substrates. Feedstock Lip ...
... Anaerobic digestion is a highly complex process containing numerous biological and chemical reactions taking place simultaneously. The stability of an anaerobic digestion system depends on the composition of the substrates and how microorganisms themselves convert the given substrates. Feedstock Lip ...
Document
... glycolysis and the Kreb cycle?? Answer_________,___________ ___________________ can all enter the pathway. •_____ are degraded to amino acids, then deaminated (nitrogen secreted as urea, ammonia) •________ are broken down to glucose. •______ must be digested to glycerol and fatty acids. ...
... glycolysis and the Kreb cycle?? Answer_________,___________ ___________________ can all enter the pathway. •_____ are degraded to amino acids, then deaminated (nitrogen secreted as urea, ammonia) •________ are broken down to glucose. •______ must be digested to glycerol and fatty acids. ...
doc file
... classes of fatty acids. The best proportion between omega-6 and omega-3 has not been defined yet. This problem is actively discussed in scientific literature. In a typical diet of a modern human being the proportion of omega-6/omega-3 is within a range of 10:1 25:1. World Health Organization recomme ...
... classes of fatty acids. The best proportion between omega-6 and omega-3 has not been defined yet. This problem is actively discussed in scientific literature. In a typical diet of a modern human being the proportion of omega-6/omega-3 is within a range of 10:1 25:1. World Health Organization recomme ...
Regents Biology
... Enzymes Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA. ...
... Enzymes Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA. ...
From Genes to Proteins (11
... 1. Enzymes unzip the molecule of DNA by DNA Replication 2. Free RNA nucleotides attach to one exposed strand of DNA 3. The sugar-phosphate backbone bonds. This time is uses __ribose_______ instead of deoxy-ribose. 4. The mRNA breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The DNA returns to its _original st ...
... 1. Enzymes unzip the molecule of DNA by DNA Replication 2. Free RNA nucleotides attach to one exposed strand of DNA 3. The sugar-phosphate backbone bonds. This time is uses __ribose_______ instead of deoxy-ribose. 4. The mRNA breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The DNA returns to its _original st ...
Ch - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... ● Gycolysis and the Krebs cycle are major intersections to various catabolic and anabolic pathways ...
... ● Gycolysis and the Krebs cycle are major intersections to various catabolic and anabolic pathways ...
Appendix C - Detailed Research ...
... Whenever the rate of glycolysis exceedsenergy requirements and/or the capacity to.produce and store glycogen, the resulting acetyl-CoA units derived from carbohydrates (and under some conditions, also proteins) are turned into fatty acids and cholesterol at the first step of the Krebs Cycle. Acetyl- ...
... Whenever the rate of glycolysis exceedsenergy requirements and/or the capacity to.produce and store glycogen, the resulting acetyl-CoA units derived from carbohydrates (and under some conditions, also proteins) are turned into fatty acids and cholesterol at the first step of the Krebs Cycle. Acetyl- ...
glutathion-s-Transferase
... ability is reduced during later stages of pregnancy.this was due to high levels of steroid harmones in circulation during pregnancy. HARMONAL IMBALANCE: Higher levels of one harmone may inhibit the activity of few enzymes while inducing that of others .adrenolectomy,thyroidectomy, alloxan-induced di ...
... ability is reduced during later stages of pregnancy.this was due to high levels of steroid harmones in circulation during pregnancy. HARMONAL IMBALANCE: Higher levels of one harmone may inhibit the activity of few enzymes while inducing that of others .adrenolectomy,thyroidectomy, alloxan-induced di ...
Ch. 3 Presentation
... Monomers are linked together to form polymers through dehydration reactions, which remove water. Polymers are broken apart by hydrolysis, the addition of water. All biological reactions of this sort are mediated by enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions in cells. ...
... Monomers are linked together to form polymers through dehydration reactions, which remove water. Polymers are broken apart by hydrolysis, the addition of water. All biological reactions of this sort are mediated by enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions in cells. ...
lecture2-Proteins2014-08
... • β hairpin: reverse turns connect antiparallel β sheets • α α motif: two α helices together • β barrels: rolls of β sheets ...
... • β hairpin: reverse turns connect antiparallel β sheets • α α motif: two α helices together • β barrels: rolls of β sheets ...
Notes on Biopolymers
... • quaternary structure—when neighboring peptides or proteins stack together, as is seen above when the four peptide units in hemoglobin arrange around each other. ...
... • quaternary structure—when neighboring peptides or proteins stack together, as is seen above when the four peptide units in hemoglobin arrange around each other. ...
Biochemistry Laboratory (CHEM 3103)
... Course Overview: A discussion of biological macromolecules including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids from a structural and functional viewpoint. The course material will also include study of energy yielding metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidati ...
... Course Overview: A discussion of biological macromolecules including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids from a structural and functional viewpoint. The course material will also include study of energy yielding metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidati ...
... B. A fatty acid is cone shaped, with a larger headgroup than its non-polar tail. So they pack together to form a sphere. Phospholipids are more like a cylinder. The area of the head group is similar to that of the two acyl chains, thus they pack to form an extended two-dimensional array of molecules ...
AP Biology - Richfield Public Schools
... acids for baby mammals. Plants have storage proteins in their seeds. Ovalbumin is the protein of egg white, used as an amino acid source for the developing embryo. ...
... acids for baby mammals. Plants have storage proteins in their seeds. Ovalbumin is the protein of egg white, used as an amino acid source for the developing embryo. ...
Acid-Base Catalysis
... reaction to occur, the substrate most come into close proximity to catalytic functional groups (side chains of amino acids which are involved in catalytic reactions) with in the active site. In addition, the substrate must be precisely oriented to the catalytic groups. Once the substrate is correctl ...
... reaction to occur, the substrate most come into close proximity to catalytic functional groups (side chains of amino acids which are involved in catalytic reactions) with in the active site. In addition, the substrate must be precisely oriented to the catalytic groups. Once the substrate is correctl ...
Discussion prompts
... step at a time from more basic building blocks. Then ribosomes—enzymes that are part protein and part RNA — together with other enzymes polymerize individual amino acids to form a protein.] 6. How are enzymes important for cellular respiration? [Numerous enzymes—especially in or near the mitochondr ...
... step at a time from more basic building blocks. Then ribosomes—enzymes that are part protein and part RNA — together with other enzymes polymerize individual amino acids to form a protein.] 6. How are enzymes important for cellular respiration? [Numerous enzymes—especially in or near the mitochondr ...
lectures-week4
... Let {Na, a=1, 2,…} denote the numbers of each species in a system The entropy of the system is a function of this set: S(N1, N2, …) We define the chemical potential for each species a as ...
... Let {Na, a=1, 2,…} denote the numbers of each species in a system The entropy of the system is a function of this set: S(N1, N2, …) We define the chemical potential for each species a as ...
Bio-201-chapter-5-MEC
... digestive tract as insoluble fiber • Some microbes use enzymes to digest cellulose • Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationships with these microbes ...
... digestive tract as insoluble fiber • Some microbes use enzymes to digest cellulose • Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationships with these microbes ...
CHAPTER 7 _3_ - Doral Academy Preparatory
... Process is Exergonic as High-energy Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O Process is also Catabolic because larger Glucose breaks into smaller molecules ...
... Process is Exergonic as High-energy Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O Process is also Catabolic because larger Glucose breaks into smaller molecules ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.