1. Describe the properties of the following apical and basolateral
... bicarbonate (anions) from the concentrations of sodium plus potassium (cations) = ([Na+]+[K+]) - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]) Without potassium: Potassium is often ignored because its concentration, being low, usually has little effect on the calculated gap. Use the above equation, but set [K+] to 0. Anion gap ...
... bicarbonate (anions) from the concentrations of sodium plus potassium (cations) = ([Na+]+[K+]) - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]) Without potassium: Potassium is often ignored because its concentration, being low, usually has little effect on the calculated gap. Use the above equation, but set [K+] to 0. Anion gap ...
respiration-notes-co..
... Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, whereby phosphate groups are transferred directly from some intermediate in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle to ADP to form ATP!). We have also generated NADH and FADH2. Now, we need ...
... Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, whereby phosphate groups are transferred directly from some intermediate in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle to ADP to form ATP!). We have also generated NADH and FADH2. Now, we need ...
Name - wwphs
... In a plant, where does this molecule come from? Photosynthesis In an animal, where does this molecule come from? FOOD!!! Mmm…yum 9. What is the first stage of cellular respiration? Glycolysis Where does it take place? Cytoplasm In this stage, what happens? (know details) Break down glucose into two ...
... In a plant, where does this molecule come from? Photosynthesis In an animal, where does this molecule come from? FOOD!!! Mmm…yum 9. What is the first stage of cellular respiration? Glycolysis Where does it take place? Cytoplasm In this stage, what happens? (know details) Break down glucose into two ...
Modern applications of amino acids and dipeptides
... cis-isomer is incorporated into collagen chains but prevents them from folding into the typical collagen triple helix (32). ...
... cis-isomer is incorporated into collagen chains but prevents them from folding into the typical collagen triple helix (32). ...
Enzyme basic concepts, Enzyme Regulation IIII
... Active site of enzymes The active or catalytic site of an enzyme is the region of the protein that binds the substrates and contains the amino acid residues (functional groups) that directly participate in the formation and braking of bonds. The active site may also bind to cofactors (metals, o ...
... Active site of enzymes The active or catalytic site of an enzyme is the region of the protein that binds the substrates and contains the amino acid residues (functional groups) that directly participate in the formation and braking of bonds. The active site may also bind to cofactors (metals, o ...
Review Questions for Advanced Biochemistry Course
... B. The production of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase is one of several anaplerotic reactions for the TCA cycle C. Succinyl CoA is used to create a neurotransmitter in the brain D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase helps convert pyruvate into malate E. Pyruvate carboxylase is only found in RBCs 32. Which o ...
... B. The production of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase is one of several anaplerotic reactions for the TCA cycle C. Succinyl CoA is used to create a neurotransmitter in the brain D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase helps convert pyruvate into malate E. Pyruvate carboxylase is only found in RBCs 32. Which o ...
Appettite Regulation ppt
... Adipose tissue is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of fat storing cells (adipocytes) White adipose tissue - store fatty acids in the form of triglycerides food reserve - thermally insulates the organism - like any tissue - source of first messengers (hormones and cytokines) th ...
... Adipose tissue is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of fat storing cells (adipocytes) White adipose tissue - store fatty acids in the form of triglycerides food reserve - thermally insulates the organism - like any tissue - source of first messengers (hormones and cytokines) th ...
Enzymes are specific? - The BioUpdate Foundation
... protein is not tested for any other activities and thus it enters the literature as having only one function. The literature is full of hundreds, if not thousands, of examples of enzymes which have only one known activity. Thus a literature search will support the idea that enzymes are specific, but ...
... protein is not tested for any other activities and thus it enters the literature as having only one function. The literature is full of hundreds, if not thousands, of examples of enzymes which have only one known activity. Thus a literature search will support the idea that enzymes are specific, but ...
sample
... Electrons from the chlorophyll a molecules in photosystem I are used to reduce NADP and are replaced indirectly by electrons from the photolysis of water. This is known as non-cyclic phosphorylation and is represented by stages 1 to 5 in Figure 19. You can see from Figure 19 that the electron accept ...
... Electrons from the chlorophyll a molecules in photosystem I are used to reduce NADP and are replaced indirectly by electrons from the photolysis of water. This is known as non-cyclic phosphorylation and is represented by stages 1 to 5 in Figure 19. You can see from Figure 19 that the electron accept ...
Determining Evolutionary Relatedness Using Amino Acid and
... other. Click on IMPORT ALIGNMENT. 2. Check the box next to the CLUSTALW set (your list of organisms). Click on BOXSHADE in the toolbar. When a new page appears, go to the bottom and click on SUBMIT. 3. A beautiful colored array of amino acid sequences should appear. Completely Conserved and Partiall ...
... other. Click on IMPORT ALIGNMENT. 2. Check the box next to the CLUSTALW set (your list of organisms). Click on BOXSHADE in the toolbar. When a new page appears, go to the bottom and click on SUBMIT. 3. A beautiful colored array of amino acid sequences should appear. Completely Conserved and Partiall ...
Unit 2 Review
... (b) It is unreasonable to think that the athlete would consume over 4 kg of pure glucose before the race. Most athletes replenish their sugars on the course by eating or drinking. They can also use stored body fat as a source of energy. Fat contains more than twice as much energy per gram as glucose ...
... (b) It is unreasonable to think that the athlete would consume over 4 kg of pure glucose before the race. Most athletes replenish their sugars on the course by eating or drinking. They can also use stored body fat as a source of energy. Fat contains more than twice as much energy per gram as glucose ...
Analytical Questions
... 4. The primary structure of a protein is the linear order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain joined by covalent peptide bonds. The secondary structure refers to the formation of either -helices or pleated sheets by the peptide chain. -helices are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the s ...
... 4. The primary structure of a protein is the linear order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain joined by covalent peptide bonds. The secondary structure refers to the formation of either -helices or pleated sheets by the peptide chain. -helices are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the s ...
Cell Respiration
... synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the efficiency of the shuttle). ...
... synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the efficiency of the shuttle). ...
Part 2 - people.iup.edu
... • Enzymes are probably the most important type of protein. They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions • Enzymes can perform their functions repeatedly, functioning as workhorses that carry out the processes of life ...
... • Enzymes are probably the most important type of protein. They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions • Enzymes can perform their functions repeatedly, functioning as workhorses that carry out the processes of life ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the efficiency of the shuttle). ...
... synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the efficiency of the shuttle). ...
Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cells
... Would surface active long-chain acyl-CoA esters interfere with membrane function and synaptic transmission, even though some are necessary for the synthesis of structural lipids? Would any /3oxidation of their component fatty acids be undesirable? Curiously, brain mitochondria contain most of the en ...
... Would surface active long-chain acyl-CoA esters interfere with membrane function and synaptic transmission, even though some are necessary for the synthesis of structural lipids? Would any /3oxidation of their component fatty acids be undesirable? Curiously, brain mitochondria contain most of the en ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... of free-living bacteria grown under different conditions. The general conclusion from this type of work, which has been performed on Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, (25), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (16), and R meliloti (4, 9), is that carbohydrate-catabolic enzymes in bacteroids have low activi ...
... of free-living bacteria grown under different conditions. The general conclusion from this type of work, which has been performed on Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, (25), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (16), and R meliloti (4, 9), is that carbohydrate-catabolic enzymes in bacteroids have low activi ...
FREE Sample Here
... 3. Explain why water is a polar molecule and how this enables the formation of hydrogen bonds. 2.3 Chemistry of Water 1. Describe the unique properties of water and the advantages of these properties for life. 2. Be able to define an acid and a base and be able to use the pH scale. 3. Recognize the ...
... 3. Explain why water is a polar molecule and how this enables the formation of hydrogen bonds. 2.3 Chemistry of Water 1. Describe the unique properties of water and the advantages of these properties for life. 2. Be able to define an acid and a base and be able to use the pH scale. 3. Recognize the ...
Chapter 5
... • Enzymes are probably the most important type of protein. They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions • Enzymes can perform their functions repeatedly, functioning as workhorses that carry out the processes of life ...
... • Enzymes are probably the most important type of protein. They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions • Enzymes can perform their functions repeatedly, functioning as workhorses that carry out the processes of life ...
Takeda/Duke/RTI meeting
... capability, 250 metabolites in 9 classes (free fatty acids, total fatty acids, LC acyl CoAs, SC acyl CoAs, acyl carnitines, organic acids, amino acids, purine precursors/nucleotides, ceramides/sphingolipids) • Modules for sterols, phospholipids, and eicosanoids in development “Non-Targeted” MS Metho ...
... capability, 250 metabolites in 9 classes (free fatty acids, total fatty acids, LC acyl CoAs, SC acyl CoAs, acyl carnitines, organic acids, amino acids, purine precursors/nucleotides, ceramides/sphingolipids) • Modules for sterols, phospholipids, and eicosanoids in development “Non-Targeted” MS Metho ...
enz resp photo test marker
... Name the parts labelled A, B and C and state the function of each. A – matrix: site for Krebs' cycle / link reaction / ATP synthesis; B – inner membrane/cristae: site of oxidative phosphorylation / e– transport chain / increase surface area / ATP synthesis; C – inter membrane : H+ / proton build up; ...
... Name the parts labelled A, B and C and state the function of each. A – matrix: site for Krebs' cycle / link reaction / ATP synthesis; B – inner membrane/cristae: site of oxidative phosphorylation / e– transport chain / increase surface area / ATP synthesis; C – inter membrane : H+ / proton build up; ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.