Enzymes
... • The enzyme will cause the structure of the substrate to change • 1. Carbohydrate substrate enters the active site in a strong flattened ring shape ( like an “O”) • 2. Enzyme active site changes the shape to be straight on one end (like a “D”) • 3. This produces a strain on the bonds of the ring ma ...
... • The enzyme will cause the structure of the substrate to change • 1. Carbohydrate substrate enters the active site in a strong flattened ring shape ( like an “O”) • 2. Enzyme active site changes the shape to be straight on one end (like a “D”) • 3. This produces a strain on the bonds of the ring ma ...
6-Translation
... 6. Protein factors (initiation, elongation & release factors) 7. ATP & GTP as source of energy ...
... 6. Protein factors (initiation, elongation & release factors) 7. ATP & GTP as source of energy ...
Spectroscopy
... macromolecules, because of their enormous number of vibrational modes. • Biological macromolecules exhibit an intrinsic order of repeating units: • the peptide bond in the protein backbone, • the phosphate ester bond • IR spectra of biological macromolecules are simpler than at first expected • line ...
... macromolecules, because of their enormous number of vibrational modes. • Biological macromolecules exhibit an intrinsic order of repeating units: • the peptide bond in the protein backbone, • the phosphate ester bond • IR spectra of biological macromolecules are simpler than at first expected • line ...
doc NUR1 200 Midterm 2006
... C) They can increase the equilibrium constant for a given reaction by a thousand fold or more. D) They can increase the reaction rate for a given reaction by many thousand fold or more. E) To be effective, they must be present at the same concentration as their substrate. 3. A small molecule that de ...
... C) They can increase the equilibrium constant for a given reaction by a thousand fold or more. D) They can increase the reaction rate for a given reaction by many thousand fold or more. E) To be effective, they must be present at the same concentration as their substrate. 3. A small molecule that de ...
Cell Respiration RG
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Polymerize acetyl CoA into fatty acids, join them to glycerol to make triacylglycerol Reverse of b-oxidation, but enzymes and control are different b-oxidation - mitochondria, FA biosynthesis - cytosol First committed step - acetyl CoA carboxylase ...
... Polymerize acetyl CoA into fatty acids, join them to glycerol to make triacylglycerol Reverse of b-oxidation, but enzymes and control are different b-oxidation - mitochondria, FA biosynthesis - cytosol First committed step - acetyl CoA carboxylase ...
Nucleotides: Be able to differentiate between a purine ring and a
... molecule. One of the nitrogenous bases is adenine (so one of the nucleotides is adenosine monophosphate) and the other nitrogenous base is nicotinamide. a closely related molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which has a phosphate group on the 2 OH of ribose. Because one of the ba ...
... molecule. One of the nitrogenous bases is adenine (so one of the nucleotides is adenosine monophosphate) and the other nitrogenous base is nicotinamide. a closely related molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which has a phosphate group on the 2 OH of ribose. Because one of the ba ...
metabolomic analysis of resveratrol-induced effects on
... The antiproliferative property of RES has been demonstrated in vitro against breast cancer cells due to the induction of apoptosis via downregulation of NF-kappa B, Bcl-2, inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, and DNA polymerase. In addition, recent experiments have shown significantly less tumor ...
... The antiproliferative property of RES has been demonstrated in vitro against breast cancer cells due to the induction of apoptosis via downregulation of NF-kappa B, Bcl-2, inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, and DNA polymerase. In addition, recent experiments have shown significantly less tumor ...
Chapter 16 Glycolysis Control of glycolytic pathway
... in two steps: the highly exergonic oxidation of carbon 1 in GAP to an acid, and the highly endergonic formation of glyceraldehyde 1, 3-bisphosphate from the acid. These two reaction are linked by the formation of an energy-rich thioester in the active site of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ...
... in two steps: the highly exergonic oxidation of carbon 1 in GAP to an acid, and the highly endergonic formation of glyceraldehyde 1, 3-bisphosphate from the acid. These two reaction are linked by the formation of an energy-rich thioester in the active site of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ...
Chapter 3
... – Not a primary energy source during exercise (too expensive) – But usable – long duration exercise (up to ...
... – Not a primary energy source during exercise (too expensive) – But usable – long duration exercise (up to ...
Presentation
... • Elevated levels of citrate (indicate ample substrates for citric acid cycle) also inhibit PFK-1 ...
... • Elevated levels of citrate (indicate ample substrates for citric acid cycle) also inhibit PFK-1 ...
Chemical Reactions
... Chemical – stored in the bonds of chemical substances Electrical – results from the movement of charged particles Mechanical – directly involved in moving matter Radiant or electromagnetic – energy traveling in waves (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light, and X-rays) ...
... Chemical – stored in the bonds of chemical substances Electrical – results from the movement of charged particles Mechanical – directly involved in moving matter Radiant or electromagnetic – energy traveling in waves (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light, and X-rays) ...
c - Hialeah Senior High School
... pumps, moving substances across a membrane against their concentration gradients. Energy for this work is usually supplied by ATP. ...
... pumps, moving substances across a membrane against their concentration gradients. Energy for this work is usually supplied by ATP. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1 Photosynthesis and Respiration
... 16. Explain the process by which pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. What electron carrier is produced during this reaction? 17. Where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur? 18. Explain the difference between Oxidative Phosphorylation and Substrate Level Phosphorylation? When does each process occur? 19. For ...
... 16. Explain the process by which pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. What electron carrier is produced during this reaction? 17. Where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur? 18. Explain the difference between Oxidative Phosphorylation and Substrate Level Phosphorylation? When does each process occur? 19. For ...
Glycolysis 1
... Three key features of stage 3 reactions need to be pointed out : 1. two substrate level phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by the enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase generate a total of 4ATPs (net yield of 2ATP) in stage 2 of glycolysis. 2. an oxidation reaction catalyzed by glycera ...
... Three key features of stage 3 reactions need to be pointed out : 1. two substrate level phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by the enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase generate a total of 4ATPs (net yield of 2ATP) in stage 2 of glycolysis. 2. an oxidation reaction catalyzed by glycera ...
1 - El Camino College
... 48. The main function/s of carbohydrates is/are: a.store genetic information b.catalysis c.structure d.structure and energy 49. Molecules such as glycogen and cellulose that are formed from long chains of individual sugar molecules are called: a.proteins b.polysaccharides c.steroids d.lipids 50. DNA ...
... 48. The main function/s of carbohydrates is/are: a.store genetic information b.catalysis c.structure d.structure and energy 49. Molecules such as glycogen and cellulose that are formed from long chains of individual sugar molecules are called: a.proteins b.polysaccharides c.steroids d.lipids 50. DNA ...
Respiration 2 PPT
... • Our bodies generally use many sources of energy in respiration (fig 9.19) regulated by feedback inhibition (fig 9.20) • Carbohydrates simple sugars, enter glycolysis • Proteins amino acids (used to build new proteins) ...
... • Our bodies generally use many sources of energy in respiration (fig 9.19) regulated by feedback inhibition (fig 9.20) • Carbohydrates simple sugars, enter glycolysis • Proteins amino acids (used to build new proteins) ...
115) `Reactome pathway knowledgebase: Connecting pathways
... • Is my dataset enriched with proteins from a pathway? ...
... • Is my dataset enriched with proteins from a pathway? ...
BSC 2010 - Exam I Lectures and Text Pages Citric Acid Cycle • Citric
... • Our bodies generally use many sources of energy in respiration (fig 9.19) → regulated by feedback inhibition (fig 9.20) • Carbohydrates → simple sugars, enter glycolysis • Proteins → amino acids (used to build new proteins) ...
... • Our bodies generally use many sources of energy in respiration (fig 9.19) → regulated by feedback inhibition (fig 9.20) • Carbohydrates → simple sugars, enter glycolysis • Proteins → amino acids (used to build new proteins) ...
2 complementary proteins will complete each other. Grains Nuts
... Describe the function of protein. Tell sources of complete and incomplete proteins. Tell how to complete incomplete proteins. Give tips for selecting proteins. ...
... Describe the function of protein. Tell sources of complete and incomplete proteins. Tell how to complete incomplete proteins. Give tips for selecting proteins. ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
In the light of the haloarchaea metabolism
... generally fix carbon dioxide via a reductive citric acid cycle when growing autotrophically and use an oxidative cycle when heterotrophic [32]. In methanogens there is no complete citric acid cycle; instead there are two different routes in which 2-oxoglutarate is formed [33]. One uses an incomplete ...
... generally fix carbon dioxide via a reductive citric acid cycle when growing autotrophically and use an oxidative cycle when heterotrophic [32]. In methanogens there is no complete citric acid cycle; instead there are two different routes in which 2-oxoglutarate is formed [33]. One uses an incomplete ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.