photosynthesis Name: Date: 1. In most plants the process of
... if the rate of photosynthesis in elodea, an aquatic plant, is a ected by a higher than normal concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the water in which the plant is growing. After increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the student illuminated the plant and collected the bubbles of ...
... if the rate of photosynthesis in elodea, an aquatic plant, is a ected by a higher than normal concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the water in which the plant is growing. After increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the student illuminated the plant and collected the bubbles of ...
unit 1: introduction to biology
... after feeding in the electrons and protons at the electron carrier proteins of The ETC, they are recycled to NAD+ (and FAD) again, while the protons are actively transported across the mitochondrial membrane; as a consequence of this ‘proton-pumping’ process, a so-called proton gradient along the ...
... after feeding in the electrons and protons at the electron carrier proteins of The ETC, they are recycled to NAD+ (and FAD) again, while the protons are actively transported across the mitochondrial membrane; as a consequence of this ‘proton-pumping’ process, a so-called proton gradient along the ...
4 The Origin and Early History of Life
... Cellular organization. All organisms consist of one or more cells—complex, organized assemblages of molecules enclosed within membranes (figure 4.4). Sensitivity. All organisms respond to stimuli— though not always to the same stimuli in the same ways. Growth. All living things assimilate energy and ...
... Cellular organization. All organisms consist of one or more cells—complex, organized assemblages of molecules enclosed within membranes (figure 4.4). Sensitivity. All organisms respond to stimuli— though not always to the same stimuli in the same ways. Growth. All living things assimilate energy and ...
Studies on the Reactions of the Krebs Citric Acid Cycle in Tumor
... posium is the nature of oxidative carbohydrate metabolism in tumors, but this problem must be viewed in relation to other metabolic pathways and to the larger problem of growth control. It is important to note that the Krebs citric acid cycle is significant not only for carbohydrate oxida tion but a ...
... posium is the nature of oxidative carbohydrate metabolism in tumors, but this problem must be viewed in relation to other metabolic pathways and to the larger problem of growth control. It is important to note that the Krebs citric acid cycle is significant not only for carbohydrate oxida tion but a ...
Quiz 2 Review Sheet
... 6. Compare and contrast monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. In addition, be able to give examples of each. All together these are called what? 7. Be able to draw a chart indicating the various combinations of monosaccharides and their respective disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, lacto ...
... 6. Compare and contrast monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. In addition, be able to give examples of each. All together these are called what? 7. Be able to draw a chart indicating the various combinations of monosaccharides and their respective disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, lacto ...
8/27/08 Transcript I
... All are inactive. They are an enzyme precursor to an enzyme with very little activity. – ogen, means it is a precursor. Why create enzyme with little activity? If you created active enzyme it would begin to digest (or whatever the activity) and would be a bad thing. Ex. Chymotrypsinogen is cle ...
... All are inactive. They are an enzyme precursor to an enzyme with very little activity. – ogen, means it is a precursor. Why create enzyme with little activity? If you created active enzyme it would begin to digest (or whatever the activity) and would be a bad thing. Ex. Chymotrypsinogen is cle ...
respiration
... Maximum Temps than PS • Can Have Net Dry Matter Loss at High Temps where Respiration Exceeds PS • Temp Refers to Temp Inside Plant or Animal ...
... Maximum Temps than PS • Can Have Net Dry Matter Loss at High Temps where Respiration Exceeds PS • Temp Refers to Temp Inside Plant or Animal ...
Carbohydrates
... blood sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, table sugar is the disaccharide sucrose, and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration) Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms: Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen), and as structural c ...
... blood sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, table sugar is the disaccharide sucrose, and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration) Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms: Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen), and as structural c ...
Metabolic Enzymes
... – Optimum pH rangeefficiency can be adversely affected if too acidic or too alkaline. – Optimum temperature rangeefficiency can be affected if too hot or too cool. – Optimum concentration of enzyme and/or substrate – concentration might be too high or too low. – Presence of inhibitors (e.g., heavy ...
... – Optimum pH rangeefficiency can be adversely affected if too acidic or too alkaline. – Optimum temperature rangeefficiency can be affected if too hot or too cool. – Optimum concentration of enzyme and/or substrate – concentration might be too high or too low. – Presence of inhibitors (e.g., heavy ...
Muscle cramps! - WordPress.com
... Muscle cramps occur in the body often during exercise when there is not enough oxygen being delivered to the body, resulting in a build-up of lactic acid. Our body relies on glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, a complex method of converting nutrie ...
... Muscle cramps occur in the body often during exercise when there is not enough oxygen being delivered to the body, resulting in a build-up of lactic acid. Our body relies on glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, a complex method of converting nutrie ...
enzymology
... ‘substrate-product-substrate’ through enzyme catalyzed sequence of reactions are called ‘metabolic pathways’. The sequence of reactions in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pathway of fatty acid catabolism and reactions of nucleotide biosynthesis, etc. are a few examples of ‘metabolic pathway’. ...
... ‘substrate-product-substrate’ through enzyme catalyzed sequence of reactions are called ‘metabolic pathways’. The sequence of reactions in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pathway of fatty acid catabolism and reactions of nucleotide biosynthesis, etc. are a few examples of ‘metabolic pathway’. ...
Fermentation - cloudfront.net
... Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain Glycolysis: -- In the cytoplasm -- Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate -- 2 ATP created ...
... Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain Glycolysis: -- In the cytoplasm -- Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate -- 2 ATP created ...
proteome
... • Not long ago, it seemed inconceivable that proteins could be designed from scratch. Because each protein sequence has an astronomical number of potential conformations, it appeared that only an experimentalist with the evolutionary life span of Mother Nature could design a sequence capable of fold ...
... • Not long ago, it seemed inconceivable that proteins could be designed from scratch. Because each protein sequence has an astronomical number of potential conformations, it appeared that only an experimentalist with the evolutionary life span of Mother Nature could design a sequence capable of fold ...
1 Proteins: Workshop I Amino Acids
... c. Intermolecular forces are an important aspect of the interaction between a pharmaceutical and its receptor site. Experimental evidence indicates that drugs interact with receptor sites which have protein-like properties. Hydrophobic bonds (London dispersion forces) are formed between non-polar hy ...
... c. Intermolecular forces are an important aspect of the interaction between a pharmaceutical and its receptor site. Experimental evidence indicates that drugs interact with receptor sites which have protein-like properties. Hydrophobic bonds (London dispersion forces) are formed between non-polar hy ...
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
... Cell wall contains peptidoglycan and lipids, longchain alpha-alkyl, beta-hydroxy fatty acids. ...
... Cell wall contains peptidoglycan and lipids, longchain alpha-alkyl, beta-hydroxy fatty acids. ...
Biochemistry Lit Exam Concepts Soluble/Membrane protein function
... Enzyme catalysis: Understand the principles that drive enzyme-based catalysis, be able to demonstrate the understanding of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by writing the mechanism for that reaction. Be able to explain the details of catalysis for any given macromolecular catalyst (soluble/membrane prot ...
... Enzyme catalysis: Understand the principles that drive enzyme-based catalysis, be able to demonstrate the understanding of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by writing the mechanism for that reaction. Be able to explain the details of catalysis for any given macromolecular catalyst (soluble/membrane prot ...
Fatty acids in food supplements: Can you assume what you
... methods for extracting fatty acids from food supplement capsules were determined by simple gravimetric (by mass) analysis. From the Session 2 pre-laboratory exercise, you will have discovered that in nature, fatty acids are biosynthesised as their triglycerides. A triglyceride consists of three fatt ...
... methods for extracting fatty acids from food supplement capsules were determined by simple gravimetric (by mass) analysis. From the Session 2 pre-laboratory exercise, you will have discovered that in nature, fatty acids are biosynthesised as their triglycerides. A triglyceride consists of three fatt ...
BMS 6204 MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & GENETICS SPRING 2010
... 3.6 ATP: Do I really want that second serving of pasta? Let's do the math (anaerobic vs. aerobic) 3.7 Glucose Storage: glycogenesis/glycogenolysis Small groups (3.1) 3.8 Gluconeogenesis: Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids Muscle Metabolism: Cori cycle 3.9 Urea Synthesis and Metabolism Q & A with L ...
... 3.6 ATP: Do I really want that second serving of pasta? Let's do the math (anaerobic vs. aerobic) 3.7 Glucose Storage: glycogenesis/glycogenolysis Small groups (3.1) 3.8 Gluconeogenesis: Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids Muscle Metabolism: Cori cycle 3.9 Urea Synthesis and Metabolism Q & A with L ...
Enzymes - OpenStax CNX
... The active site is where the action happens, so to speak. Since enzymes are proteins, there is a unique combination of amino acid residues (also called side chains, or R groups) within the active site. Each residue is characterized by dierent properties. Residues can be large or small, weakly aci ...
... The active site is where the action happens, so to speak. Since enzymes are proteins, there is a unique combination of amino acid residues (also called side chains, or R groups) within the active site. Each residue is characterized by dierent properties. Residues can be large or small, weakly aci ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.