CHM_224_201510 - Oakton Community College
... reactions, polar reactions and the interconversion of resonance structures. 9. Rationalize the regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, chemoselectivity and reactivity of chemical reactions. ...
... reactions, polar reactions and the interconversion of resonance structures. 9. Rationalize the regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, chemoselectivity and reactivity of chemical reactions. ...
What are proteins
... 2- Hydrogen Bonds Properties of hydrogen bonds. Is formed when a charged part of a molecule having polar covalent bonds forms an electrostatic ...
... 2- Hydrogen Bonds Properties of hydrogen bonds. Is formed when a charged part of a molecule having polar covalent bonds forms an electrostatic ...
Proteins
... lungs to cells; other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes. • 5. Hormones: Many hormones are proteins, among them insulin, oxytocin, and human growth hormone. ...
... lungs to cells; other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes. • 5. Hormones: Many hormones are proteins, among them insulin, oxytocin, and human growth hormone. ...
Nutritional Requirements and Biosynthetic
... Metabolic studies of the Trypanosomidae have in general been confined to studies of catabolism and there is little known about the pathways of biosynthesis in these organisms. The development of a simple chemically defined growth medium for the parasitic flagellate Strigomonas (Herpetomonas) oncopel ...
... Metabolic studies of the Trypanosomidae have in general been confined to studies of catabolism and there is little known about the pathways of biosynthesis in these organisms. The development of a simple chemically defined growth medium for the parasitic flagellate Strigomonas (Herpetomonas) oncopel ...
6.4 RNA - Part 2 - Translation rna_2_s12
... “Machinery” of the cell: pumps, enzymes, contraction, cytoskeleton... Sure...but what are they? ...
... “Machinery” of the cell: pumps, enzymes, contraction, cytoskeleton... Sure...but what are they? ...
Document
... Embden, Meyerhof, Parnas Pathway Greek (glykos) - "sweet" + "splitting” - anaerobic = no requirement of oxygen - cytoplasmic location - 10 step enzymatic pathway hexose --> 2 PYR + 4ATP (2 net) + 2NADH • energy investment phase (coupled Rx's) phosphorylation of low energy intermediates ...
... Embden, Meyerhof, Parnas Pathway Greek (glykos) - "sweet" + "splitting” - anaerobic = no requirement of oxygen - cytoplasmic location - 10 step enzymatic pathway hexose --> 2 PYR + 4ATP (2 net) + 2NADH • energy investment phase (coupled Rx's) phosphorylation of low energy intermediates ...
Prediction of protein disorder - oz
... K-R interaction is rare (electrostatic repulsion) K-R interaction energy is high (unfavorable) ...
... K-R interaction is rare (electrostatic repulsion) K-R interaction energy is high (unfavorable) ...
HSC 4572: Selected portions Chapter 6
... 30-60g protein (usually works out to 8-15% of kcal); lower amounts if history of high blood ammonia, or encephalopathy. High quality protein is more desirable (why?) 60-70% kcal as carbohydrate; fruit is encouraged. Usually have to demonstrate how to add extra. Carbs do not need protein carriers for ...
... 30-60g protein (usually works out to 8-15% of kcal); lower amounts if history of high blood ammonia, or encephalopathy. High quality protein is more desirable (why?) 60-70% kcal as carbohydrate; fruit is encouraged. Usually have to demonstrate how to add extra. Carbs do not need protein carriers for ...
Chlorogloeopsis PC C 69 12
... PCC 69 12 is reminiscent of previous findings of sugar 0-methyl ethers in (1ipo)polysaccharides from a number of other phototrophic prokaryotes (Weckesser et al., 1979). In the Chlorogloeopsis PCC 69 12 heteropolysaccharide, part of the 6-O-methyl-~-mannosewas found to be terminally linked and part ...
... PCC 69 12 is reminiscent of previous findings of sugar 0-methyl ethers in (1ipo)polysaccharides from a number of other phototrophic prokaryotes (Weckesser et al., 1979). In the Chlorogloeopsis PCC 69 12 heteropolysaccharide, part of the 6-O-methyl-~-mannosewas found to be terminally linked and part ...
Electron Transport Chain - Dr-Manar-KSU
... During this stage the Glucose will split into 2 molecules. By oxidizing these 2 molecules they form 2 molecules of Pyruvate. Each step in this stage is catalyzed by a specific enzyme The steps are divided to 2 phases: Energy investment phase ( requires 2 ATP ) by Phosphorylation Energy payoff phase ...
... During this stage the Glucose will split into 2 molecules. By oxidizing these 2 molecules they form 2 molecules of Pyruvate. Each step in this stage is catalyzed by a specific enzyme The steps are divided to 2 phases: Energy investment phase ( requires 2 ATP ) by Phosphorylation Energy payoff phase ...
Gluconeogenesis
... reactions, and requires hydrolysis of two ATP to ADP. In the first reaction, pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxlyase, which uses biotin as a cofactor. ...
... reactions, and requires hydrolysis of two ATP to ADP. In the first reaction, pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxlyase, which uses biotin as a cofactor. ...
Beta sheets are twisted
... loop regions connecting alpha-helical segments can have important functions e.g. EF-hand and DNA-binding EF hand loop ~ 12 residues polar and hydrophobic a.a. conserved positions Glycine is invariant at the sixth position The calcium ion is octahedrally coordinated by carboxyl side chains, main chai ...
... loop regions connecting alpha-helical segments can have important functions e.g. EF-hand and DNA-binding EF hand loop ~ 12 residues polar and hydrophobic a.a. conserved positions Glycine is invariant at the sixth position The calcium ion is octahedrally coordinated by carboxyl side chains, main chai ...
Exam#2-`95
... e. ADP, ATP 11. The two main sources of proton release during catabolism in skeletal muscle are, a. pyruvate and lactate b. amino acid oxidation and lipolysis c. electron transport and TCA cycle d. NAD+ and FAD+ e. glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis 12. Two important functions of enzymes are to …….. a. c ...
... e. ADP, ATP 11. The two main sources of proton release during catabolism in skeletal muscle are, a. pyruvate and lactate b. amino acid oxidation and lipolysis c. electron transport and TCA cycle d. NAD+ and FAD+ e. glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis 12. Two important functions of enzymes are to …….. a. c ...
Enzymatic Production of D-Amino Acids
... The scenario is rapidly changing with the development of stereospecific biocatalytic methods. During the past three decades, applications of biotechnological methods that rely on the help of free cells/enzymes as catalysts and enzymatic production of D-amino acids have replaced chemical methods. Due ...
... The scenario is rapidly changing with the development of stereospecific biocatalytic methods. During the past three decades, applications of biotechnological methods that rely on the help of free cells/enzymes as catalysts and enzymatic production of D-amino acids have replaced chemical methods. Due ...
Amino acid Catabolism
... • The first step in the catabolism of most L-amino acids, once they have reached the liver, is removal of the -amino groups, promoted by enzymes called aminotransferases or transaminases. • In these transamination reactions, the α -amino group is transferred to the -carbon atom of α-ketoglutarate, l ...
... • The first step in the catabolism of most L-amino acids, once they have reached the liver, is removal of the -amino groups, promoted by enzymes called aminotransferases or transaminases. • In these transamination reactions, the α -amino group is transferred to the -carbon atom of α-ketoglutarate, l ...
electron transport chain
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
Microbiology
... Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of ...
... Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of ...
... Due to the continuously increasing high energy demands of society and the finite nature of fossil fuels, alternative energy sources are becoming exceedingly important. Hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel because of its clean, renewable and high energy content of 122 kJ g – 1 which is 2.75 times ...
Translation - St. Robert CHS
... with its corresponding amino acid to its acceptor site at the 3’ end • Aminoacyl-synthetase – is the enzyme that adds the appropriate amino acid to each tRNA – there are at least 20 of them – each is specific for a particular amino acid and tRNA ...
... with its corresponding amino acid to its acceptor site at the 3’ end • Aminoacyl-synthetase – is the enzyme that adds the appropriate amino acid to each tRNA – there are at least 20 of them – each is specific for a particular amino acid and tRNA ...
bio-of-cells-essay-2 156 kb bio-of-cells-essay
... While passive transport moves molecules down their concentration or electrochemical gradient, active transport occurs when proteins are required to move solutes through membranes against a gradient (chemical or electrochemical), a process with a positive free energy change, meaning energy input is r ...
... While passive transport moves molecules down their concentration or electrochemical gradient, active transport occurs when proteins are required to move solutes through membranes against a gradient (chemical or electrochemical), a process with a positive free energy change, meaning energy input is r ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.