Enzymes - OpenStax CNX
... The active site is where the action happens, so to speak. Since enzymes are proteins, there is a unique combination of amino acid residues (also called side chains, or R groups) within the active site. Each residue is characterized by dierent properties. Residues can be large or small, weakly aci ...
... The active site is where the action happens, so to speak. Since enzymes are proteins, there is a unique combination of amino acid residues (also called side chains, or R groups) within the active site. Each residue is characterized by dierent properties. Residues can be large or small, weakly aci ...
Ch. 8: Metabolism
... Change in free energy (∆G) during a process is related to change in enthalpy/change in total energy (∆H), change in entropy (∆S), and temperature in Kelvin (T): ...
... Change in free energy (∆G) during a process is related to change in enthalpy/change in total energy (∆H), change in entropy (∆S), and temperature in Kelvin (T): ...
The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP
... and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP =2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or a ...
... and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP =2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or a ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... There are 3 sets of reactions in cellular respiration that release the energy contained in food, by oxidation. 1. Glycolysis 2. The citric acid cycle 3. The electron transport chain ...
... There are 3 sets of reactions in cellular respiration that release the energy contained in food, by oxidation. 1. Glycolysis 2. The citric acid cycle 3. The electron transport chain ...
Welcome to 3FF3! Bio
... Multiple non-covalent weak interactions → sum to strong, stable binding non-covalent complexes (e.g. substrate, inhibitor, DNA) ...
... Multiple non-covalent weak interactions → sum to strong, stable binding non-covalent complexes (e.g. substrate, inhibitor, DNA) ...
投影片 1
... molecules absorbed to produce one molecule of oxygen ----- Photosynthetic unit • Only one member of the group ”the reaction-center chlorophyll” actually transfer electrons to an electron acceptor. ...
... molecules absorbed to produce one molecule of oxygen ----- Photosynthetic unit • Only one member of the group ”the reaction-center chlorophyll” actually transfer electrons to an electron acceptor. ...
Mutation Reading--How the Gene for Sickle Cell Hemoglobin
... Different versions of the same gene are called different alleles. These different alleles share the same general sequence of nucleotides, but they differ in at least one nucleotide in the sequence. Different alleles can result in different characteristics as follows: Differences in the nucleotide se ...
... Different versions of the same gene are called different alleles. These different alleles share the same general sequence of nucleotides, but they differ in at least one nucleotide in the sequence. Different alleles can result in different characteristics as follows: Differences in the nucleotide se ...
7. Metabolism
... Anya skipped breakfast this morning. It is now midafternoon, and she has joined a friend for a late lunch. Although she rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she enjoys a glass of wine. Which of the following statements best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol? a) ...
... Anya skipped breakfast this morning. It is now midafternoon, and she has joined a friend for a late lunch. Although she rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she enjoys a glass of wine. Which of the following statements best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol? a) ...
Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is
... • Cellular respiration: the set of metabolic reactions used by cells to harvest energy from food • A lot of energy is released when reduced molecules with many C—C and C—H bonds are fully oxidized to CO2. • The oxidation occurs in a series of small steps, allowing the cell to harvest about 34% of th ...
... • Cellular respiration: the set of metabolic reactions used by cells to harvest energy from food • A lot of energy is released when reduced molecules with many C—C and C—H bonds are fully oxidized to CO2. • The oxidation occurs in a series of small steps, allowing the cell to harvest about 34% of th ...
IB-Respiration-Notepacket
... 2. How does the cycle begin? 3. Starting with one glucose from the beginning of glycolysis, how many “spins” of the cycle would occur? 4. As a result of these spins, how many of the following molecules are produced per glucose a. Carbon dioxide = (How many total does that bring us to?_________) b. A ...
... 2. How does the cycle begin? 3. Starting with one glucose from the beginning of glycolysis, how many “spins” of the cycle would occur? 4. As a result of these spins, how many of the following molecules are produced per glucose a. Carbon dioxide = (How many total does that bring us to?_________) b. A ...
exo and endo experiments
... atoms of a certain element on the left side of a chemical reaction equation, then you would have to have the same number of atoms of that element on the right side of the equation. This entails that mass can also be conserved during a chemical reaction. Combustion A combustion reaction can occur whe ...
... atoms of a certain element on the left side of a chemical reaction equation, then you would have to have the same number of atoms of that element on the right side of the equation. This entails that mass can also be conserved during a chemical reaction. Combustion A combustion reaction can occur whe ...
full size
... control is an enzyme-regulation process where the product of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions inhibits an earlier reaction in a sequence. The inhibition may be competitive or noncompetitive. ¾A proenzyme or zymogen is an inactive form of an enzyme that must have part of its polypeptide chain c ...
... control is an enzyme-regulation process where the product of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions inhibits an earlier reaction in a sequence. The inhibition may be competitive or noncompetitive. ¾A proenzyme or zymogen is an inactive form of an enzyme that must have part of its polypeptide chain c ...
Functional groups
... Describe differences between optical and geometric isomerism Distinguish between aromatic and nonaromatic Identify common functional groups ...
... Describe differences between optical and geometric isomerism Distinguish between aromatic and nonaromatic Identify common functional groups ...
Translation - clemson.edu
... Translation; mRNA is read and amino acids link to form a protein 5. What molecules in the cytoplasm read the mRNA strand? Ribosomes 6. What do the ribosomes link together? Amino acids 7. The ribosome reads the mRNA… how many nucleotides at a time? 3 8. What is a codon? Each group of 3 nucleotides 9. ...
... Translation; mRNA is read and amino acids link to form a protein 5. What molecules in the cytoplasm read the mRNA strand? Ribosomes 6. What do the ribosomes link together? Amino acids 7. The ribosome reads the mRNA… how many nucleotides at a time? 3 8. What is a codon? Each group of 3 nucleotides 9. ...
Cell - My CCSD
... • Proteins are the building blocks of many structural components of organisms. ...
... • Proteins are the building blocks of many structural components of organisms. ...
Artificial Small-Molecule Peptide Synthesizer
... • Up to 4 amino acids can be attached in specific sequence to an certain 3-amino-acid peptide chain, with a rate of approximately 12h per amino acid • Although inspiring, the further development of this system faces a lot restrictions and challenges ...
... • Up to 4 amino acids can be attached in specific sequence to an certain 3-amino-acid peptide chain, with a rate of approximately 12h per amino acid • Although inspiring, the further development of this system faces a lot restrictions and challenges ...
Amino acid solution for NM medium
... if adding histidine, include at a final conc of 0.1% For 500 ml agar: Autoclave 418 ml ddH2O, 7.5 g bacto-agar, and a stir bar; while agar cools to about 65 C, mix the following components in the order listed: 50 ml 10 x M9 salts 10 ml 20% glucose 5ml 20 mM adenine HCl 15 ml amino acid mixture (see ...
... if adding histidine, include at a final conc of 0.1% For 500 ml agar: Autoclave 418 ml ddH2O, 7.5 g bacto-agar, and a stir bar; while agar cools to about 65 C, mix the following components in the order listed: 50 ml 10 x M9 salts 10 ml 20% glucose 5ml 20 mM adenine HCl 15 ml amino acid mixture (see ...
ACID BASE - Union City High School
... aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions, thereby increasing the concentration of H+ ions. Because hydrogen atom consists of a proton and an electron, H+ is simply a proton. Thus, acids are often called proton donors. ...
... aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions, thereby increasing the concentration of H+ ions. Because hydrogen atom consists of a proton and an electron, H+ is simply a proton. Thus, acids are often called proton donors. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.