Protein - DNA interaction in chromatin
... DNA has three primary attributes that allow it to be far better than RNA at encoding genetic information. First, it is normally double-stranded, so that there are a minimum of two copies of the information encoding each gene in every cell. Second, DNA has a much greater stability against breakdown t ...
... DNA has three primary attributes that allow it to be far better than RNA at encoding genetic information. First, it is normally double-stranded, so that there are a minimum of two copies of the information encoding each gene in every cell. Second, DNA has a much greater stability against breakdown t ...
What are the general types of reactions?
... – Mass is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction – For practical purposes • Same types of atoms before and after a reaction • Same number of each type of atom before and after ...
... – Mass is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction – For practical purposes • Same types of atoms before and after a reaction • Same number of each type of atom before and after ...
L6 Proteins of cereals and legumes - e
... active sites for trypsin (Lys16-Ser17) and chymotrypsin (Leu44-Ser45) are shown in black B) Tridimentional structure of Bowman-Birk inhibitor from soybean. ...
... active sites for trypsin (Lys16-Ser17) and chymotrypsin (Leu44-Ser45) are shown in black B) Tridimentional structure of Bowman-Birk inhibitor from soybean. ...
Ch.1
... • Making Proteins Organisms break down the proteins in food to supply their cells with amino acids. These amino acids are then linked together to form new proteins. • Proteins in Action Proteins have many different functions. Other proteins are very small and help cells do their jobs. Other proteins ...
... • Making Proteins Organisms break down the proteins in food to supply their cells with amino acids. These amino acids are then linked together to form new proteins. • Proteins in Action Proteins have many different functions. Other proteins are very small and help cells do their jobs. Other proteins ...
Metabolism of exercise
... of pyruvate to lactate. This is the ‘lactic’ phase of the anaerobic energy supply (Fig. 2.). However when sufficient lactic acid has accumulated to lower the intrafibre pH to ~6.5 (resting value being close to 7.2), enzymes of both force-generation and glycolysis are inhibited. In sustained exercise ...
... of pyruvate to lactate. This is the ‘lactic’ phase of the anaerobic energy supply (Fig. 2.). However when sufficient lactic acid has accumulated to lower the intrafibre pH to ~6.5 (resting value being close to 7.2), enzymes of both force-generation and glycolysis are inhibited. In sustained exercise ...
chemical reaction - MRS. STOTTS CHEMISTRY
... Double-Displacement Reactions In double-displacement reactions, the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, an insoluble gas that bubbles out of the solution, or a molecular compound, usually ...
... Double-Displacement Reactions In double-displacement reactions, the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, an insoluble gas that bubbles out of the solution, or a molecular compound, usually ...
Mid Term Solutions - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... usually as alpha and beta sheets. Secondary structure does not describe the specific identity of amino acids in the protein and it doesn’t describe the atomic position in the three dimentional space. It basically gives information about the specific hydrogen bonds between amino acids. There are some ...
... usually as alpha and beta sheets. Secondary structure does not describe the specific identity of amino acids in the protein and it doesn’t describe the atomic position in the three dimentional space. It basically gives information about the specific hydrogen bonds between amino acids. There are some ...
Biochemical Pathways
... All living organisms require energy to sustain life. The source of this energy comes from the chemical bonds of molecules (figure 6.1). Burning wood is an example of a chemical reaction that results in the release of energy by breaking chemical bonds. The organic molecules of wood are broken and cha ...
... All living organisms require energy to sustain life. The source of this energy comes from the chemical bonds of molecules (figure 6.1). Burning wood is an example of a chemical reaction that results in the release of energy by breaking chemical bonds. The organic molecules of wood are broken and cha ...
Respiration
... pyruvate. • This happens when oxygen is once again available. • The pyruvate can then continue through the stages of aerobic respiration, or be converted to glycogen for storage. ...
... pyruvate. • This happens when oxygen is once again available. • The pyruvate can then continue through the stages of aerobic respiration, or be converted to glycogen for storage. ...
The Raw and the Cooked
... Fibrous proteins are found in hair, fingernails, animal claws and fur among other things. These proteins are strong because the individual protein molecules form parallel strands which twist together. Globular protein molecules work differently. A globular molecule twists and folds upon itself, usin ...
... Fibrous proteins are found in hair, fingernails, animal claws and fur among other things. These proteins are strong because the individual protein molecules form parallel strands which twist together. Globular protein molecules work differently. A globular molecule twists and folds upon itself, usin ...
PHASE II DRUG METABOLISM
... Many compounds or drugs contain functional groups that can be directly conjugated and thus do not require Phase I metabolism to create “handles” for conjugation. “Phase III metabolism” is sometimes used to refer to efflux via transporters. Q. Then should uptake via transporters be Phase 0? Q. Which ...
... Many compounds or drugs contain functional groups that can be directly conjugated and thus do not require Phase I metabolism to create “handles” for conjugation. “Phase III metabolism” is sometimes used to refer to efflux via transporters. Q. Then should uptake via transporters be Phase 0? Q. Which ...
free energy - HCC Learning Web
... The active site of an enzyme is typically a pocket or groove on the surface of the protein where catalysis occurs. – The active site is usually formed by only a few amino acids. – The rest of the protein molecule provides a framework that determines the configuration of the active site. The specific ...
... The active site of an enzyme is typically a pocket or groove on the surface of the protein where catalysis occurs. – The active site is usually formed by only a few amino acids. – The rest of the protein molecule provides a framework that determines the configuration of the active site. The specific ...
Energy and Metabolism
... Biochemical pathways are the organizational units of metabolism Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism A metabolic pathway has many steps that begin with a specific molecule and end with a product, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme Reactions that join small mo ...
... Biochemical pathways are the organizational units of metabolism Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism A metabolic pathway has many steps that begin with a specific molecule and end with a product, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme Reactions that join small mo ...
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
... protein-losing enteropathy and renal loss of protein. Effects that malnutrition and malabsorption can have on protein state. Disorders of immunoglobulins and changes in specific proteins, for example, alpha1-antitrypsin, transferrin, and their use in diagnostics. Urine proteins, including Bence Jone ...
... protein-losing enteropathy and renal loss of protein. Effects that malnutrition and malabsorption can have on protein state. Disorders of immunoglobulins and changes in specific proteins, for example, alpha1-antitrypsin, transferrin, and their use in diagnostics. Urine proteins, including Bence Jone ...
BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TEST Time—170 minutes
... protein structure is correct? a. The α-helix is stabilized primarily by ionic interactions between the side chains of amino acids. b. The formation of the disulfide bond in a protein requires that the two participating cystein residues be adjacent to each other in the primary sequence of the protein ...
... protein structure is correct? a. The α-helix is stabilized primarily by ionic interactions between the side chains of amino acids. b. The formation of the disulfide bond in a protein requires that the two participating cystein residues be adjacent to each other in the primary sequence of the protein ...
Essential Knowledge
... to transcribe. Promoters can bind with varying strengths, which is one reason why some proteins are expressed more than others (i.e. their promoters bind more strongly). ...
... to transcribe. Promoters can bind with varying strengths, which is one reason why some proteins are expressed more than others (i.e. their promoters bind more strongly). ...
Option B Rev A
... •2 ATP required (1 if starting from glycogen •4 ATP generated from SLP •2 NADH + H+ enter electron transport chain to produce ATP ...
... •2 ATP required (1 if starting from glycogen •4 ATP generated from SLP •2 NADH + H+ enter electron transport chain to produce ATP ...
Learning objectives
... Learning objectives Elements and compounds 1. Distinguish between an element and a compound. 2. Identify the four elements that make up 96% of living matter. 3. Define the term trace element and give an example. Atoms and molecules 4. Draw and label a simplified model of an atom. Explain how this mo ...
... Learning objectives Elements and compounds 1. Distinguish between an element and a compound. 2. Identify the four elements that make up 96% of living matter. 3. Define the term trace element and give an example. Atoms and molecules 4. Draw and label a simplified model of an atom. Explain how this mo ...
26_Lecture - Ventura College
... • Compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle are citric acid cycle intermediates, acetyl-coA, and pyruvate. • Pyruvate enters the cycle by being converted to acetyl-CoA. • Acetyl-CoA is the only non–citric acid cycle intermediate that can enter the citric acid cycle by being converted to citrat ...
... • Compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle are citric acid cycle intermediates, acetyl-coA, and pyruvate. • Pyruvate enters the cycle by being converted to acetyl-CoA. • Acetyl-CoA is the only non–citric acid cycle intermediate that can enter the citric acid cycle by being converted to citrat ...
Enzymes are macromolecules that help accelerate (catalyze
... 5. The specificity of binding depends on the precise defined arrangement of atoms in the active site. Because the enzyme and the substrate interact by means of short-range forces that require close contact, a substrate must have a matching shape to fit into the site. However, the active site of some ...
... 5. The specificity of binding depends on the precise defined arrangement of atoms in the active site. Because the enzyme and the substrate interact by means of short-range forces that require close contact, a substrate must have a matching shape to fit into the site. However, the active site of some ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.