09LecturePresentation
... • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP • Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate • Fermentation uses phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to gen ...
... • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP • Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate • Fermentation uses phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to gen ...
amino acids
... • A compact and globular structural unit of a protein is often called as a domain (i.e. pearls on a string) • The size of a domain ranges from 30 to 400 amino acid residues. • Different proteins can have a similar or the same domain. • Domain is a structural working unit of a protein for the common ...
... • A compact and globular structural unit of a protein is often called as a domain (i.e. pearls on a string) • The size of a domain ranges from 30 to 400 amino acid residues. • Different proteins can have a similar or the same domain. • Domain is a structural working unit of a protein for the common ...
L- Amino Acid Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
... Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, as well as a side-chain (R group) which confers uniqueness to each amino acid. The main elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, although other elements can be found in so ...
... Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, as well as a side-chain (R group) which confers uniqueness to each amino acid. The main elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, although other elements can be found in so ...
UNIT 7 – CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... 3. Another type of single-replacement reaction involves a metal replacing the hydrogens in water: ...
... 3. Another type of single-replacement reaction involves a metal replacing the hydrogens in water: ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP. D) the regeneration of ATP from ADP can be fueled by coupling it with endergonic reactions. E) ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell. Answ ...
... C) endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP. D) the regeneration of ATP from ADP can be fueled by coupling it with endergonic reactions. E) ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell. Answ ...
Chapter 2 - Chemical Engineering - Michigan Technological University
... Nuclear material: a single chromosome of DNA with no nuclear membrane. Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis. Cells contain about 10,000 of them. Size is about 10 - 20 nm. 63% RNA and 37% protein. Storage granules: storage of key metabolites. 0.5-1 µm each. Spores: used by cell to survive harsh cond ...
... Nuclear material: a single chromosome of DNA with no nuclear membrane. Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis. Cells contain about 10,000 of them. Size is about 10 - 20 nm. 63% RNA and 37% protein. Storage granules: storage of key metabolites. 0.5-1 µm each. Spores: used by cell to survive harsh cond ...
Selective Isotope-Labeling Methods for Protein Structural Studies
... or site-selective labeling is often pursued as it helps in spectral simplification and provides specific probes for structural and dynamic studies. Selective amino acid-type labeling also aids in sequence-specific resonance assignments by helping to identify resonances which are otherwise buried in ...
... or site-selective labeling is often pursued as it helps in spectral simplification and provides specific probes for structural and dynamic studies. Selective amino acid-type labeling also aids in sequence-specific resonance assignments by helping to identify resonances which are otherwise buried in ...
Laboratory 3: Biological Molecules
... Procedure 1: Using Benedict’s solution to test for simple sugars Step 1: Add about 5 mL of glucose solution in one tube, this will be your positive control. Step 2: Add about 5 mL of water to one tube, this will be your negative control. Step 3: Add about 5 mL of each blended item to separate test t ...
... Procedure 1: Using Benedict’s solution to test for simple sugars Step 1: Add about 5 mL of glucose solution in one tube, this will be your positive control. Step 2: Add about 5 mL of water to one tube, this will be your negative control. Step 3: Add about 5 mL of each blended item to separate test t ...
electron transport chain
... 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly from substrate molecules to ADP. 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP, occurs only in O2 presence. The complete oxidation of glucose proceeds in stages: 1. ...
... 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly from substrate molecules to ADP. 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP, occurs only in O2 presence. The complete oxidation of glucose proceeds in stages: 1. ...
Master Beekeeper Certification Course: Category #7
... Honeybees process nectar into honey by removing water biophysically and chemically by absorbing water and passing it from one bee to another and mechanically by fanning to evaporate the stored nectar. This raw honey is composed of a variety of sugars; mainly glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), ...
... Honeybees process nectar into honey by removing water biophysically and chemically by absorbing water and passing it from one bee to another and mechanically by fanning to evaporate the stored nectar. This raw honey is composed of a variety of sugars; mainly glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), ...
The importance of gluconeogenesis as an important
... 4- Glucose 6-Phosphatase: Dephosphorylation reaction, enzyme is found only in liver and kidney (Glucose 6-P Glucose) ...
... 4- Glucose 6-Phosphatase: Dephosphorylation reaction, enzyme is found only in liver and kidney (Glucose 6-P Glucose) ...
MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes
... Students use the model to describe* a causal account for the phenomenon, including how different parts of a cell contribute to how the cell functions as a whole, both separately and together with other structures. Students include how components, separately and together, contribute to: i. Maintainin ...
... Students use the model to describe* a causal account for the phenomenon, including how different parts of a cell contribute to how the cell functions as a whole, both separately and together with other structures. Students include how components, separately and together, contribute to: i. Maintainin ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... than when it contracts anaerobically because: a. aerobic conditions prevent the activation of phosphorylase and make less substrate available for glycolysis b. under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced t ...
... than when it contracts anaerobically because: a. aerobic conditions prevent the activation of phosphorylase and make less substrate available for glycolysis b. under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced t ...
Protein synthesis: Twenty three amino acids and
... Another key point in this approach was the use of tyrosyltRNA synthetase, which does not have any known editing activity. The principles of this approach are not specific to a particular amino acid, and so can be extended to other synthetase–tRNA pairs on a case-by-case basis for the selection (from ...
... Another key point in this approach was the use of tyrosyltRNA synthetase, which does not have any known editing activity. The principles of this approach are not specific to a particular amino acid, and so can be extended to other synthetase–tRNA pairs on a case-by-case basis for the selection (from ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
Protein Targeting
... are folded, disulfide bonds formed, and many proteins glycosylated to form glycoproteins • In many glycoproteins the linkage to their oligosaccharides is through Asn residues. • These N-linked oligosaccharides are diverse, but the pathways by which they form have a common first step. • A 14 residue ...
... are folded, disulfide bonds formed, and many proteins glycosylated to form glycoproteins • In many glycoproteins the linkage to their oligosaccharides is through Asn residues. • These N-linked oligosaccharides are diverse, but the pathways by which they form have a common first step. • A 14 residue ...
Bis2A 5.2 Mobile Energy Carriers
... cellular role of ATP is as a "short term" energy transfer device for the cell. The hydrolysis reactions that liberate one or more of ATP's phosphates are exergonic and many, many cellular proteins have evolved to interact with ATP in ways that help to facilitate the transfer of energy from hydrolysi ...
... cellular role of ATP is as a "short term" energy transfer device for the cell. The hydrolysis reactions that liberate one or more of ATP's phosphates are exergonic and many, many cellular proteins have evolved to interact with ATP in ways that help to facilitate the transfer of energy from hydrolysi ...
Effect of dietary administration of lipoic acid on protein
... or human cells in culture and, where assayed, earlier senescence. I hypothesize that DNA damage and late onset disease are a consequence of a triage allocation response to micronutrient shortage. 1) Episodic shortage of micronutrients were common throughout evolution. 2) natural selection favors sho ...
... or human cells in culture and, where assayed, earlier senescence. I hypothesize that DNA damage and late onset disease are a consequence of a triage allocation response to micronutrient shortage. 1) Episodic shortage of micronutrients were common throughout evolution. 2) natural selection favors sho ...
3. Biological membranes and cell compartments
... Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules Amphipathic (amphiphilic) molecules hydrophobe hydrophile ...
... Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules Amphipathic (amphiphilic) molecules hydrophobe hydrophile ...
Different transport mechanisms Aqueous diffusion Lipid
... • Passive process (driven by concentration gradient) • Type of kinetics: first order (proportional to ...
... • Passive process (driven by concentration gradient) • Type of kinetics: first order (proportional to ...
Protein - DNA interaction in chromatin
... DNA has three primary attributes that allow it to be far better than RNA at encoding genetic information. First, it is normally double-stranded, so that there are a minimum of two copies of the information encoding each gene in every cell. Second, DNA has a much greater stability against breakdown t ...
... DNA has three primary attributes that allow it to be far better than RNA at encoding genetic information. First, it is normally double-stranded, so that there are a minimum of two copies of the information encoding each gene in every cell. Second, DNA has a much greater stability against breakdown t ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.