Climate change and agriculture: Understanding the biological
... doing. Immediate opportunities for reducing New Zealand’s emissions lie in forestry and farm management. In the long term the way in which food is grown, and the types of food grown, will have to change if methane and nitrous oxide are to be significantly reduced. ...
... doing. Immediate opportunities for reducing New Zealand’s emissions lie in forestry and farm management. In the long term the way in which food is grown, and the types of food grown, will have to change if methane and nitrous oxide are to be significantly reduced. ...
The Kyoto Protocol
... The Basics of Cap and Trade 1. Cap and trade is a market-based approach to reducing pollution. The govt sets an overall cap on emissions and creates allowances up to the level of the cap. 2. Sources must hold enough allowances to cover their emissions. - can lower emissions and sell or bank allowan ...
... The Basics of Cap and Trade 1. Cap and trade is a market-based approach to reducing pollution. The govt sets an overall cap on emissions and creates allowances up to the level of the cap. 2. Sources must hold enough allowances to cover their emissions. - can lower emissions and sell or bank allowan ...
Regulatory Uncertainty in Climate Change Initiatives
... In an effort to encourage signatories to the treaty, particularly developing countries, Kyoto allows the Annex I countries to utilize alternative methods to reduce GHGs. Kyoto provides for carbon market trading allowing countries with emissions credits to spare to transfer or trade their emissions c ...
... In an effort to encourage signatories to the treaty, particularly developing countries, Kyoto allows the Annex I countries to utilize alternative methods to reduce GHGs. Kyoto provides for carbon market trading allowing countries with emissions credits to spare to transfer or trade their emissions c ...
Sharing Global CO 2 Emission Reductions Among One Billion High
... • Global cap of 30 GtCO2 in 2030 results in about 1 billion people having to reduce emissions • The need of the poorest 2.7 billion people to emit more can be accommodated (but also uncertainty whether the poor will be spared) ...
... • Global cap of 30 GtCO2 in 2030 results in about 1 billion people having to reduce emissions • The need of the poorest 2.7 billion people to emit more can be accommodated (but also uncertainty whether the poor will be spared) ...
Carbon pricing - University of Warwick
... Lessons from Kyoto • US support and involvement needed for a successful climate change agreement • Stronger engagement from emerging nations also needed • Longer term focus required to drive investment and technological change • Lack of effective compliance mechanisms has weakened credibility of em ...
... Lessons from Kyoto • US support and involvement needed for a successful climate change agreement • Stronger engagement from emerging nations also needed • Longer term focus required to drive investment and technological change • Lack of effective compliance mechanisms has weakened credibility of em ...
What Point of Allocation?
... • The Kyoto Protocol is none of these. • Promising alternative international policy architectures exist, but that’s not our topic for today. ...
... • The Kyoto Protocol is none of these. • Promising alternative international policy architectures exist, but that’s not our topic for today. ...
No Slide Title
... • The rules for entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol require 55 Parties to the Convention to ratify (or approve, accept, or accede to) the Protocol, including Annex I Parties accounting for 55% of that group’s carbon dioxide emissions in 1990. (See Article 25 of the Protocol) ...
... • The rules for entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol require 55 Parties to the Convention to ratify (or approve, accept, or accede to) the Protocol, including Annex I Parties accounting for 55% of that group’s carbon dioxide emissions in 1990. (See Article 25 of the Protocol) ...
The Kyoto Protocol: Background • The Kyoto Protocol to the United
... "basket", with reductions in individual gases translated into "CO2 equivalents" that are then added up to produce a single figure. Each country’s emissions target must be achieved by the period 2008 - 2012. It will be calculated as an average over the five years. "Demonstrable progress" must be made ...
... "basket", with reductions in individual gases translated into "CO2 equivalents" that are then added up to produce a single figure. Each country’s emissions target must be achieved by the period 2008 - 2012. It will be calculated as an average over the five years. "Demonstrable progress" must be made ...
offsets
... – Still, it is unlikely that any developing countries will take on targets in the next round ...
... – Still, it is unlikely that any developing countries will take on targets in the next round ...
Ministers know emissions trading is a red herring and won`t work
... emissions magically disappear. It will incorporate them into the European emissions trading scheme. According to Douglas Alexander, this is "the most efficient and costeffective way to ensure that the sector plays its part in tackling climate change". The airlines can keep growing, he argues, as lon ...
... emissions magically disappear. It will incorporate them into the European emissions trading scheme. According to Douglas Alexander, this is "the most efficient and costeffective way to ensure that the sector plays its part in tackling climate change". The airlines can keep growing, he argues, as lon ...
6 July 2012 - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
... Other pollutants with the impact on climate ...
... Other pollutants with the impact on climate ...
Kyoto Protocol
... At the start of each Phase, each government agrees an allocation plan with the European Commission ...
... At the start of each Phase, each government agrees an allocation plan with the European Commission ...
IIGCC Statement on EU ETS Reform
... emissions, global CO2 concentrations are still rising, with an increase of more than 5% in 2010 – unprecedented in the past two decades1. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are now close to the level at which serious climate change is likely2, and we are already witnessing an incre ...
... emissions, global CO2 concentrations are still rising, with an increase of more than 5% in 2010 – unprecedented in the past two decades1. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are now close to the level at which serious climate change is likely2, and we are already witnessing an incre ...
Brand Launch - Canadian Bar Association
... projects in developing countries that reduce GHG emissions against baseline • “baseline” is “what would have happened without project” • generates Certified Emission Reductions (“CERs”) that can be sold to developed country parties or authorized participants* • sustainable development goals ...
... projects in developing countries that reduce GHG emissions against baseline • “baseline” is “what would have happened without project” • generates Certified Emission Reductions (“CERs”) that can be sold to developed country parties or authorized participants* • sustainable development goals ...
Carbon Market Framework (Nared)
... ultimate objective of the Convention” Projects must result in: • “real, measurable and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change”. • “reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity”. ...
... ultimate objective of the Convention” Projects must result in: • “real, measurable and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change”. • “reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity”. ...
Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy
... The CRGE isn’t a stand alone A short History: The CRGE process, but fully integrated into initiative was officially the country’s development launched on 8 December 2011 in Durban, South Africa by H.E. planning as a strategic, long-term Mr.Meles Zenawi, then Prime initiative to ensure sustainabi ...
... The CRGE isn’t a stand alone A short History: The CRGE process, but fully integrated into initiative was officially the country’s development launched on 8 December 2011 in Durban, South Africa by H.E. planning as a strategic, long-term Mr.Meles Zenawi, then Prime initiative to ensure sustainabi ...
Strategies for suppliers in a carbon constrained world
... Carbon constrained world a reality • evidence of global warming due to anthropogenic GHG emissions is mounting • increasingly clear that a carbon constrained world will become a reality • multiple initiatives are under way to realise this: – UNFCCC (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997) were first st ...
... Carbon constrained world a reality • evidence of global warming due to anthropogenic GHG emissions is mounting • increasingly clear that a carbon constrained world will become a reality • multiple initiatives are under way to realise this: – UNFCCC (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997) were first st ...
Slide 1
... • Kyoto came into effect and became international law February 16, 2005 creating binding obligations (Canada must reduce 6% from 1990 by 2012) • EU pre-compliance market: EU ETS started January 2005 • Two main markets: EU ETS and Kyoto Mechanisms with links • Commodities: • EU allowances, CDM (CERs) ...
... • Kyoto came into effect and became international law February 16, 2005 creating binding obligations (Canada must reduce 6% from 1990 by 2012) • EU pre-compliance market: EU ETS started January 2005 • Two main markets: EU ETS and Kyoto Mechanisms with links • Commodities: • EU allowances, CDM (CERs) ...
Slide 1
... Most key impacts stem from reduced water availability. Projected changes (%) in run-off, 21st century. White areas are where less than two-thirds of models agree, hatched are where 90% of models agree (IPCC SYR) ...
... Most key impacts stem from reduced water availability. Projected changes (%) in run-off, 21st century. White areas are where less than two-thirds of models agree, hatched are where 90% of models agree (IPCC SYR) ...
Slide 1
... • And net annual removals by forests of 17Mt. CO2-e • Equates to net annual emissions of 59Mt • NZ expected to meet Kyoto target ...
... • And net annual removals by forests of 17Mt. CO2-e • Equates to net annual emissions of 59Mt • NZ expected to meet Kyoto target ...
A system dynamics model for assessing the UK carbon
... Prepared for the 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society Washington, DC, July, 2011 ABSTRACT The emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have become a great worldwide concern due their effects on climate change. This led to determine, through the Kyoto Protocol, goals to decrease at ...
... Prepared for the 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society Washington, DC, July, 2011 ABSTRACT The emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have become a great worldwide concern due their effects on climate change. This led to determine, through the Kyoto Protocol, goals to decrease at ...
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is a partial-coverage all-free allocation uncapped highly internationally linked emissions trading scheme. The NZ ETS was first legislated in the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008 in September 2008 under the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand and then amended in November 2009 and in November 2012 by the Fifth National Government of New Zealand.The NZ ETS covers forestry (a net sink), energy (42% of total 2012 emissions), industry (7% of total 2012 emissions) and waste (5% of total 2012 emissions) but not pastoral agriculture (46% of 2012 total emissions). Participants in the NZ ETS must surrender one emission unit (either an international 'Kyoto' unit or a New Zealand-issued unit) for every two tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions reported or they may choose to buy NZ units from the government at a fixed price of NZ$25.Individual sectors of the economy have different entry dates when their obligations to report emissions and surrender emission units take effect. Forestry, which contributed net removals of 17.5 Mts of CO2e in 2010 (19% of NZ's 2008 emissions,) entered the NZ ETS on 1 January 2008. The stationary energy, industrial processes and liquid fossil fuel sectors entered the NZ ETS on 1 July 2010. The waste sector (landfill operators) entered on 1 January 2013. From November 2009, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from pastoral agriculture were scheduled to be included in the NZ ETS from 1 January 2015. However, agriculture was indefinitely excluded from the NZ ETS in 2013. The NZ ETS is highly linked to international carbon markets as it allows the importing of most of the Kyoto Protocol emission units. It also creates a specific domestic unit; the 'New Zealand Unit' (NZU), which will be issued by free allocation to emitters, with no auctions intended in the short term. Free allocation of NZUs will vary by sector. The commercial fishery sector (who are not participants) will receive a free allocation of units on a historic basis. Owners of pre-1990 forests will receive a fixed free allocation of units. Free allocation to emissions-intensive industry, will be provided on an output-intensity basis. For this sector, there is no set limit on the number of units that may be allocated. The number of units allocated to eligible emitters will be based on the average emissions per unit of output within a defined 'activity'. Bertram and Terry (2010, p 16) state that as the NZ ETS does not 'cap' emissions, the NZ ETS is not a cap and trade scheme as understood in the economics literature.Some stakeholders have criticized the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme for its generous free allocations of emission units and the lack of a carbon price signal (the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment), and for being ineffective in reducing emissions (Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand).The NZ ETS was reviewed in late 2011 by an independent panel, which reported to the public in September 2011. In response, the NZ ETS was amended in November 2012.