Australia`s Carbon Tax: A Sheep in Wolf`s Clothing?
... tax, rather than CO2-equivalent emissions tax. Some gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons) are hundreds of thousands times more powerful at forcing climate than CO2 but may be produced in relatively small quantities and are artificially constructed (i.e. synthetic) rather than naturally occurring. In the ...
... tax, rather than CO2-equivalent emissions tax. Some gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons) are hundreds of thousands times more powerful at forcing climate than CO2 but may be produced in relatively small quantities and are artificially constructed (i.e. synthetic) rather than naturally occurring. In the ...
Climate Change
... HFCs PFCs SF6 Main (man-made) greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas, but it is the main contributor to warming. Other important greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane, both of which have increased in the last century. • The concentration of carbon dioxide has inc ...
... HFCs PFCs SF6 Main (man-made) greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas, but it is the main contributor to warming. Other important greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane, both of which have increased in the last century. • The concentration of carbon dioxide has inc ...
Impact of Climate Change on Transportation Funding Paper
... establishing a cap-and-trade program or instituting a carbon tax. Under a cap-and-trade program, allowances are given to emitting facilities for free, based on their current emissions, or can be auctioned off. With auctions, the potential for great revenues exists. How great these revenues would be ...
... establishing a cap-and-trade program or instituting a carbon tax. Under a cap-and-trade program, allowances are given to emitting facilities for free, based on their current emissions, or can be auctioned off. With auctions, the potential for great revenues exists. How great these revenues would be ...
Integration_of_Inter..
... Working paper n° A36-WP/39-EX/10 presented by the Council of ICAO at the 36th Session of ICAO Assembly : « a majority of States represented on the ICAO Council indicated that any approach for the inclusion of international civil aviation in emissions trading schemes should respect the sovereignty of ...
... Working paper n° A36-WP/39-EX/10 presented by the Council of ICAO at the 36th Session of ICAO Assembly : « a majority of States represented on the ICAO Council indicated that any approach for the inclusion of international civil aviation in emissions trading schemes should respect the sovereignty of ...
Climate Solutions?
... measures jointly with other Parties” Kyoto Protocol Article 6: “(1) For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units …, provided that: (a) Any such project has the approval of the ...
... measures jointly with other Parties” Kyoto Protocol Article 6: “(1) For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units …, provided that: (a) Any such project has the approval of the ...
AN UPDATE ON: GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATION
... Reduce by 20% relative to 2006 by 2020 Reduce by 60-70% relative to 2006 by 2050 Reduce emissions intensity of major sources by 18% relative to 2006 by 2010, and then 2%/year New facilities have 3 year grace period, clean fuel standard, and then 2%/year ...
... Reduce by 20% relative to 2006 by 2020 Reduce by 60-70% relative to 2006 by 2050 Reduce emissions intensity of major sources by 18% relative to 2006 by 2010, and then 2%/year New facilities have 3 year grace period, clean fuel standard, and then 2%/year ...
Print/Download
... the Paris Agreement. This will reduce a potential fiscal risk to the Crown in the 2020s associated with meeting this target and more effectively influence business decisions to reduce emissions. One-for-two is reflected throughout the Climate Change Response Act 2002 (the Act) in several ways— (a) ...
... the Paris Agreement. This will reduce a potential fiscal risk to the Crown in the 2020s associated with meeting this target and more effectively influence business decisions to reduce emissions. One-for-two is reflected throughout the Climate Change Response Act 2002 (the Act) in several ways— (a) ...
here
... values each extra dollar (tell that to the Murdochs, Lowys, and Packers!). • But he also noticed that this means the marginal utility of costs of an ETS on one earning say $50,000 now will exceed the dollar for dollar utility of benefits of avoided climate change even if still alive and earning $100 ...
... values each extra dollar (tell that to the Murdochs, Lowys, and Packers!). • But he also noticed that this means the marginal utility of costs of an ETS on one earning say $50,000 now will exceed the dollar for dollar utility of benefits of avoided climate change even if still alive and earning $100 ...
The Past and Future of Climate
... Nobuo Tanaka, executive director of the International Energy agency has said that by 2030, to meet international emissions targets, a carbon price of $225 a tonne would be required. That’s 22 times higher than what Kevin Rudd is starting the carbon price at. ...
... Nobuo Tanaka, executive director of the International Energy agency has said that by 2030, to meet international emissions targets, a carbon price of $225 a tonne would be required. That’s 22 times higher than what Kevin Rudd is starting the carbon price at. ...
11. Tax and climate change
... both the EU ETS and the CRC. Emissions from agriculture—mostly nonCO2 gases, particularly methane and nitrous oxide—are not subject to any pricing at present. Emissions from road transport are priced at a very high level through excise duties on fuel, though to what extent these duties are intended ...
... both the EU ETS and the CRC. Emissions from agriculture—mostly nonCO2 gases, particularly methane and nitrous oxide—are not subject to any pricing at present. Emissions from road transport are priced at a very high level through excise duties on fuel, though to what extent these duties are intended ...
Moving Beyond Kyoto - Brookings Institution
... as the endowment allocation within each economy. For developing countries, however, it is only reasonable to allow endowments far in excess of current requirements (the precise levels being subject to international negotiation). With endowments greater than requirements for permits over the next sev ...
... as the endowment allocation within each economy. For developing countries, however, it is only reasonable to allow endowments far in excess of current requirements (the precise levels being subject to international negotiation). With endowments greater than requirements for permits over the next sev ...
Towards a Global Carbon Market – Prospects for
... The role of emissions trading, not only in the EU but also in tackling climate change on a larger scale, is the issue at hand, explained Director General Jos Delbeke. The European system now provides a single price on carbon in Europe and influences companies’ decisions across 31 very diverse countr ...
... The role of emissions trading, not only in the EU but also in tackling climate change on a larger scale, is the issue at hand, explained Director General Jos Delbeke. The European system now provides a single price on carbon in Europe and influences companies’ decisions across 31 very diverse countr ...
Type of relationships in GHG emission trading scheme
... obligation to take the steps to prevent negative climate change; Necessity to carry out scientific research in this sphere, defining the responsible bodies; Taking climatic issues into account during the environmental impact assessment; Obligation to mitigate negative influence of certain sectors of ...
... obligation to take the steps to prevent negative climate change; Necessity to carry out scientific research in this sphere, defining the responsible bodies; Taking climatic issues into account during the environmental impact assessment; Obligation to mitigate negative influence of certain sectors of ...
Committee on Climate Change: Review of the fourth carbon budget
... highlighted the cost-effective path through 2030 would be a 40% reduction in EU emissions on 1990, and consulted on EU 2030 ambition. The UK‟s response to the Green Paper was that the EU should: Adopt a minimum ambition to cut EU emissions by 40% in 2030 on 1990 levels, therefore reflecting the co ...
... highlighted the cost-effective path through 2030 would be a 40% reduction in EU emissions on 1990, and consulted on EU 2030 ambition. The UK‟s response to the Green Paper was that the EU should: Adopt a minimum ambition to cut EU emissions by 40% in 2030 on 1990 levels, therefore reflecting the co ...
A New Architecture for Domestic Climate Policy: Trading
... • In theory, a tax works through the price mechanism just like cap and trade. • The difference is that the price signal is fixed with a tax; it is uncertain with a cap and trade. • This hinges on the question of how emission trades induce emission reduction. Is it the cap or the trading price that i ...
... • In theory, a tax works through the price mechanism just like cap and trade. • The difference is that the price signal is fixed with a tax; it is uncertain with a cap and trade. • This hinges on the question of how emission trades induce emission reduction. Is it the cap or the trading price that i ...
Greener Skies response - Aviation Environment Federation
... The emissions pathways set out in the Climate Change Bill are calculated to achieve a given CO2 stabilisation target, that in turn yields a given chance of limiting global temperature rise to 2°C. Just as the stabilisation aim cannot be achieved with one source of emissions excluded, it cannot be ac ...
... The emissions pathways set out in the Climate Change Bill are calculated to achieve a given CO2 stabilisation target, that in turn yields a given chance of limiting global temperature rise to 2°C. Just as the stabilisation aim cannot be achieved with one source of emissions excluded, it cannot be ac ...
Climate Change Consultation Contribution
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
Climate Change Consultation Contribution
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
... The desirability and equity of developing countries taking on emissions reduction commitments or actions to a far greater degree given the central role agriculture plays in their national inventories and economies. The World Economic Forum states, ‘significant benefits can come from switching agricu ...
Jane Hupe – ICAO`s Work on Aviation Emissions
... Countries) to individual, legally-binding targets to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions Reductions of at least 5% between 20082012 compared to 1990 levels, AND TO Pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases from aviation bunker fuels, working through ...
... Countries) to individual, legally-binding targets to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions Reductions of at least 5% between 20082012 compared to 1990 levels, AND TO Pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases from aviation bunker fuels, working through ...
Japan: A Case Study - Environmental Defense Fund
... buildings (including universities) and factories. The system covers approximately 1,400 installation and 1% of the country’s emissions Starting April 1, 2011, Saitama, the fifth largest prefecture in Japan, will become the second Japanese prefecture to implement a mandatory emissions trading system. ...
... buildings (including universities) and factories. The system covers approximately 1,400 installation and 1% of the country’s emissions Starting April 1, 2011, Saitama, the fifth largest prefecture in Japan, will become the second Japanese prefecture to implement a mandatory emissions trading system. ...
Official Information Act Response 20160293
... advice, minutes, notes, meeting invites, e-mails, handouts, power point presentations, other reference material, records of phone calls, letters etc) between the Treasury and any New Zealand Government ministers and their respective offices, and/or between Treasury and any other NZ Government depart ...
... advice, minutes, notes, meeting invites, e-mails, handouts, power point presentations, other reference material, records of phone calls, letters etc) between the Treasury and any New Zealand Government ministers and their respective offices, and/or between Treasury and any other NZ Government depart ...
EU views on greenhouse gases and global warming potentials and
... Funds used to reduce and/or offset emissions from the sector and other climate change related purposes, such as adaptation in developing countries or research and development Proposal combines IMO and UNFCCC principles: • IMO principle of no more favourable treatment – charge applies to all shipping ...
... Funds used to reduce and/or offset emissions from the sector and other climate change related purposes, such as adaptation in developing countries or research and development Proposal combines IMO and UNFCCC principles: • IMO principle of no more favourable treatment – charge applies to all shipping ...
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is a partial-coverage all-free allocation uncapped highly internationally linked emissions trading scheme. The NZ ETS was first legislated in the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008 in September 2008 under the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand and then amended in November 2009 and in November 2012 by the Fifth National Government of New Zealand.The NZ ETS covers forestry (a net sink), energy (42% of total 2012 emissions), industry (7% of total 2012 emissions) and waste (5% of total 2012 emissions) but not pastoral agriculture (46% of 2012 total emissions). Participants in the NZ ETS must surrender one emission unit (either an international 'Kyoto' unit or a New Zealand-issued unit) for every two tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions reported or they may choose to buy NZ units from the government at a fixed price of NZ$25.Individual sectors of the economy have different entry dates when their obligations to report emissions and surrender emission units take effect. Forestry, which contributed net removals of 17.5 Mts of CO2e in 2010 (19% of NZ's 2008 emissions,) entered the NZ ETS on 1 January 2008. The stationary energy, industrial processes and liquid fossil fuel sectors entered the NZ ETS on 1 July 2010. The waste sector (landfill operators) entered on 1 January 2013. From November 2009, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from pastoral agriculture were scheduled to be included in the NZ ETS from 1 January 2015. However, agriculture was indefinitely excluded from the NZ ETS in 2013. The NZ ETS is highly linked to international carbon markets as it allows the importing of most of the Kyoto Protocol emission units. It also creates a specific domestic unit; the 'New Zealand Unit' (NZU), which will be issued by free allocation to emitters, with no auctions intended in the short term. Free allocation of NZUs will vary by sector. The commercial fishery sector (who are not participants) will receive a free allocation of units on a historic basis. Owners of pre-1990 forests will receive a fixed free allocation of units. Free allocation to emissions-intensive industry, will be provided on an output-intensity basis. For this sector, there is no set limit on the number of units that may be allocated. The number of units allocated to eligible emitters will be based on the average emissions per unit of output within a defined 'activity'. Bertram and Terry (2010, p 16) state that as the NZ ETS does not 'cap' emissions, the NZ ETS is not a cap and trade scheme as understood in the economics literature.Some stakeholders have criticized the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme for its generous free allocations of emission units and the lack of a carbon price signal (the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment), and for being ineffective in reducing emissions (Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand).The NZ ETS was reviewed in late 2011 by an independent panel, which reported to the public in September 2011. In response, the NZ ETS was amended in November 2012.