Uruguay`s iNDC
... 12500 Gg of CO2 in 2030, which could, reach 15800 Gg if provided with additional means of implementation. Additionally, Uruguay has a great carbon sequestration potential through soils under degraded grasslands and eroded croplands. With regard to degraded grasslands, removals by 2030 are estimated ...
... 12500 Gg of CO2 in 2030, which could, reach 15800 Gg if provided with additional means of implementation. Additionally, Uruguay has a great carbon sequestration potential through soils under degraded grasslands and eroded croplands. With regard to degraded grasslands, removals by 2030 are estimated ...
Common Misconceptions in the Climate Change Debate
... be the case. In determining the cost of emission reductions, the key test is not the relative amount of fossil fuel burnt but how efficiently a country burns it. As an economy reduces its emissions it will start with the cheapest abatement measures (energy savings) and then move to the more expensiv ...
... be the case. In determining the cost of emission reductions, the key test is not the relative amount of fossil fuel burnt but how efficiently a country burns it. As an economy reduces its emissions it will start with the cheapest abatement measures (energy savings) and then move to the more expensiv ...
North East England Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baselines and
... increase dramatically over the period 2005 to 2020 due to the significant growth of port facilities in the North East ; and • By 2020, there is expected to be little change in total CO 2 equivalent compared to 2005 because reductions from the residential and industrial sector are forecast to be off ...
... increase dramatically over the period 2005 to 2020 due to the significant growth of port facilities in the North East ; and • By 2020, there is expected to be little change in total CO 2 equivalent compared to 2005 because reductions from the residential and industrial sector are forecast to be off ...
new zealand`s greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2013 snapshot
... New Zealand is committed to playing its part in a global response to climate change. New Zealand has a broad range of measures to address climate change, on both a domestic and an international level, and focuses efforts where it can make the greatest contribution. New Zealand’s total emissions are ...
... New Zealand is committed to playing its part in a global response to climate change. New Zealand has a broad range of measures to address climate change, on both a domestic and an international level, and focuses efforts where it can make the greatest contribution. New Zealand’s total emissions are ...
Kate Meyer and David Merry
... warming we must limit global emissions to a maximum of 2900 billion tonnes CO2-e. If all countries submit targets similar to those submitted by the United States and the EU for 2030, then in 2030 we will already have used the entire budget and committed our planet to more than 2˚C warming. Failure t ...
... warming we must limit global emissions to a maximum of 2900 billion tonnes CO2-e. If all countries submit targets similar to those submitted by the United States and the EU for 2030, then in 2030 we will already have used the entire budget and committed our planet to more than 2˚C warming. Failure t ...
Properly designed emissions trading schemes do work!: Working
... by the University of Leeds and the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to advance public and private action on climate change through innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and has five inter-linked research programmes: ...
... by the University of Leeds and the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to advance public and private action on climate change through innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and has five inter-linked research programmes: ...
heepfinalreport16 - 2 - Halon Alternatives Research Corporation
... use of this class of chemicals carries with it some environmental concern and, therefore, the need to minimize emissions. While HFCs are not ozone-depleting substances, they have been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as potent greenhouse gases with long atmospheric lifetim ...
... use of this class of chemicals carries with it some environmental concern and, therefore, the need to minimize emissions. While HFCs are not ozone-depleting substances, they have been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as potent greenhouse gases with long atmospheric lifetim ...
PDF
... that could accommodate annual fluctuations in emissions levels. Starting with more than 3 million allowances after the first year and rising to more than 10 million in 1999, there were 8.6 million allowances in the bank at the end of 2003 (U.S. E.P.A. 2004a). Figure 2 shows SO2 allowance prices from ...
... that could accommodate annual fluctuations in emissions levels. Starting with more than 3 million allowances after the first year and rising to more than 10 million in 1999, there were 8.6 million allowances in the bank at the end of 2003 (U.S. E.P.A. 2004a). Figure 2 shows SO2 allowance prices from ...
DOCX 270KB - Climate Change Authority
... effectiveness (i.e. generating additional reductions in emissions) and economic efficiency (i.e. and doing so in cost-effective ways relative to alternative approaches). Other criteria have been referred to where relevant. The scheme’s environmental effectiveness is a function of the quantity of rea ...
... effectiveness (i.e. generating additional reductions in emissions) and economic efficiency (i.e. and doing so in cost-effective ways relative to alternative approaches). Other criteria have been referred to where relevant. The scheme’s environmental effectiveness is a function of the quantity of rea ...
Climate Change Policy: Actions and Barriers in New Zealand
... end of 2008, been substantially relaxed after a change of government in November of that year. The ETS as enacted in 2008 and revised in 2009 was very limited in its impact in CP1. While forestry was included from 2008, other major sectors were, after the review, to follow later: • stationary energy ...
... end of 2008, been substantially relaxed after a change of government in November of that year. The ETS as enacted in 2008 and revised in 2009 was very limited in its impact in CP1. While forestry was included from 2008, other major sectors were, after the review, to follow later: • stationary energy ...
IEAGHG Information Paper; 2013-IP31; Drawing Down N2O to Protect
... Interventions in the collection and treatment of wastewater can reduce N2O emissions to the atmosphere. These include, in particular, lowering the nitrogen content of discharge wastewater through improved wastewater treatment, reducing wastewater leakage from sewage piping, and recycling nutrients i ...
... Interventions in the collection and treatment of wastewater can reduce N2O emissions to the atmosphere. These include, in particular, lowering the nitrogen content of discharge wastewater through improved wastewater treatment, reducing wastewater leakage from sewage piping, and recycling nutrients i ...
Energy and the Environment: a cold climate for climate change
... While UK political leaders have pledged to combat climate change whatever the result of the general election, actions speak louder than words. 1 This Election Analysis explores the environmental and energy policies of recent governments in the light of the UK’s commitments to address climate change. ...
... While UK political leaders have pledged to combat climate change whatever the result of the general election, actions speak louder than words. 1 This Election Analysis explores the environmental and energy policies of recent governments in the light of the UK’s commitments to address climate change. ...
Yes We Can Climate Plan - Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
... electricity by 2025. The Green Party believes we can set our sights higher, and achieve 100 percent renewable by 2030.14 Achieving 100 percent renewable would require us to stop burning coal or natural gas for electricity generation. The last coal fired power station is set to close in 201815, so th ...
... electricity by 2025. The Green Party believes we can set our sights higher, and achieve 100 percent renewable by 2030.14 Achieving 100 percent renewable would require us to stop burning coal or natural gas for electricity generation. The last coal fired power station is set to close in 201815, so th ...
International Aviation
... Overview of offsetting mechanisms Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): CDM offset credits are called Certified Emission Reduction (CER) and are approved under the UN FCCC. CERs are issued for projects that reduce emissions in developing countries. Despite inter national oversight, an independent stu ...
... Overview of offsetting mechanisms Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): CDM offset credits are called Certified Emission Reduction (CER) and are approved under the UN FCCC. CERs are issued for projects that reduce emissions in developing countries. Despite inter national oversight, an independent stu ...
NEW ZEALAND`S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990–2014
... See: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions/emissions-reduction-targets. For more information on New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change target see: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions/ New-Zealand%E2%80%99s-post-2020-climate-change ...
... See: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions/emissions-reduction-targets. For more information on New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change target see: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions/ New-Zealand%E2%80%99s-post-2020-climate-change ...
PDF - Boston University
... There can be little doubt that international marine shipping is contributing to climate change in an increasing capacity, but what is being done to address these substantial emissions? Although aviation and marine shipping are the only sectors to be specifically included in climate change agreements ...
... There can be little doubt that international marine shipping is contributing to climate change in an increasing capacity, but what is being done to address these substantial emissions? Although aviation and marine shipping are the only sectors to be specifically included in climate change agreements ...
Carbon Emission Accounting – Balancing the books for the UK
... shipping reveals that the UK has achieved a reduction in territorial GHG emissions of just 14%. In addition, they show that the UK's “excluded” GHG emissions, those embedded in imports, have doubled between 1990 and 2009. Research carried out by UKERC at the University of Leeds, reveals that because ...
... shipping reveals that the UK has achieved a reduction in territorial GHG emissions of just 14%. In addition, they show that the UK's “excluded” GHG emissions, those embedded in imports, have doubled between 1990 and 2009. Research carried out by UKERC at the University of Leeds, reveals that because ...
POSITION Choosing between stagnation and change – Why the EU Summary
... Since summer 2011, when information on this surplus surfaced in the market, prices for allowances have dropped markedly, at times to below 7 euros per allowance, blocking additional investment in climate protection efforts. In addition, this development puts at risk the necessary financing of state ...
... Since summer 2011, when information on this surplus surfaced in the market, prices for allowances have dropped markedly, at times to below 7 euros per allowance, blocking additional investment in climate protection efforts. In addition, this development puts at risk the necessary financing of state ...
Range of reductions for Annex 1
... Cost to New Zealand • Implications of possible changes to LULUCF rules • Level of sequestration in Kyoto forests around 2020, 2030 • Length of commitment period ...
... Cost to New Zealand • Implications of possible changes to LULUCF rules • Level of sequestration in Kyoto forests around 2020, 2030 • Length of commitment period ...
PDF
... The buildup of emissions over time is assumed to cause changes in climate leading to reduced agricultural productivity. As a benchmark, we consider the case where agricultural output per worker falls by the same proportion in both countries, say by 10 percent. In response to the decline in agricultu ...
... The buildup of emissions over time is assumed to cause changes in climate leading to reduced agricultural productivity. As a benchmark, we consider the case where agricultural output per worker falls by the same proportion in both countries, say by 10 percent. In response to the decline in agricultu ...
The role of EIA in greenhouse gas mitigation Abstract The role of EIA
... New Zealand Situation New Zealand Government Greenhouse Gas Policy The New Zealand Government’s provisional gross emission target for 2030 is 30% below 2005 emissions (a target which is only 10% below 1990 levels). The Emissions Trading Scheme is the principal means that is currently in place to gen ...
... New Zealand Situation New Zealand Government Greenhouse Gas Policy The New Zealand Government’s provisional gross emission target for 2030 is 30% below 2005 emissions (a target which is only 10% below 1990 levels). The Emissions Trading Scheme is the principal means that is currently in place to gen ...
PDF
... reduction in the EU and NZ is being met through the two strategies simulated here, it is accompanied by a predicted decrease in producer returns. Some of these reductions are reasonably significant and could have an important effect on producers. However, if carbon emissions were traded, the amount ...
... reduction in the EU and NZ is being met through the two strategies simulated here, it is accompanied by a predicted decrease in producer returns. Some of these reductions are reasonably significant and could have an important effect on producers. However, if carbon emissions were traded, the amount ...
PDF
... therefore not a primary concern. New Zealand (NZ) is unusual amongst developed countries though, with more than half of its GHG emissions originating from agricultural processes, and the sector’s emissions are as a consequence likely to be targeted in some form. For comparison, European Union (EU) a ...
... therefore not a primary concern. New Zealand (NZ) is unusual amongst developed countries though, with more than half of its GHG emissions originating from agricultural processes, and the sector’s emissions are as a consequence likely to be targeted in some form. For comparison, European Union (EU) a ...
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... resulted in the Kyoto Protocol, which will come into force after being ratified by at least 55 countries, accounting for 55 percent of developed countries’ carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (MfE 1999). It is expected that the Protocol will come into effect in early 2003. New Zealand and the EU have rat ...
... resulted in the Kyoto Protocol, which will come into force after being ratified by at least 55 countries, accounting for 55 percent of developed countries’ carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (MfE 1999). It is expected that the Protocol will come into effect in early 2003. New Zealand and the EU have rat ...
Emissions - CARBOOCEAN
... Moxnes, Erling and Saysel, Ali Kerem, 2009. Misperceptions of global climate change: information policies. Climatic Change, 93(1-2), 15-37. Sterman, J. D., 2008. Economics - Risk communication on climate: Mental models and mass balance. Science, 322(5901), 532-533. Sterman, J. D. and Booth Sweeney, ...
... Moxnes, Erling and Saysel, Ali Kerem, 2009. Misperceptions of global climate change: information policies. Climatic Change, 93(1-2), 15-37. Sterman, J. D., 2008. Economics - Risk communication on climate: Mental models and mass balance. Science, 322(5901), 532-533. Sterman, J. D. and Booth Sweeney, ...
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is a partial-coverage all-free allocation uncapped highly internationally linked emissions trading scheme. The NZ ETS was first legislated in the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008 in September 2008 under the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand and then amended in November 2009 and in November 2012 by the Fifth National Government of New Zealand.The NZ ETS covers forestry (a net sink), energy (42% of total 2012 emissions), industry (7% of total 2012 emissions) and waste (5% of total 2012 emissions) but not pastoral agriculture (46% of 2012 total emissions). Participants in the NZ ETS must surrender one emission unit (either an international 'Kyoto' unit or a New Zealand-issued unit) for every two tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions reported or they may choose to buy NZ units from the government at a fixed price of NZ$25.Individual sectors of the economy have different entry dates when their obligations to report emissions and surrender emission units take effect. Forestry, which contributed net removals of 17.5 Mts of CO2e in 2010 (19% of NZ's 2008 emissions,) entered the NZ ETS on 1 January 2008. The stationary energy, industrial processes and liquid fossil fuel sectors entered the NZ ETS on 1 July 2010. The waste sector (landfill operators) entered on 1 January 2013. From November 2009, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from pastoral agriculture were scheduled to be included in the NZ ETS from 1 January 2015. However, agriculture was indefinitely excluded from the NZ ETS in 2013. The NZ ETS is highly linked to international carbon markets as it allows the importing of most of the Kyoto Protocol emission units. It also creates a specific domestic unit; the 'New Zealand Unit' (NZU), which will be issued by free allocation to emitters, with no auctions intended in the short term. Free allocation of NZUs will vary by sector. The commercial fishery sector (who are not participants) will receive a free allocation of units on a historic basis. Owners of pre-1990 forests will receive a fixed free allocation of units. Free allocation to emissions-intensive industry, will be provided on an output-intensity basis. For this sector, there is no set limit on the number of units that may be allocated. The number of units allocated to eligible emitters will be based on the average emissions per unit of output within a defined 'activity'. Bertram and Terry (2010, p 16) state that as the NZ ETS does not 'cap' emissions, the NZ ETS is not a cap and trade scheme as understood in the economics literature.Some stakeholders have criticized the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme for its generous free allocations of emission units and the lack of a carbon price signal (the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment), and for being ineffective in reducing emissions (Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand).The NZ ETS was reviewed in late 2011 by an independent panel, which reported to the public in September 2011. In response, the NZ ETS was amended in November 2012.