Ensuring environmental integrity through transparent accounting of
... Contributions”). And those are certainly crucial. But while the INDCs that have been announced over the course of this year are important, they are only the first step. That is because what drives climate change is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, not the amount emitted in one ...
... Contributions”). And those are certainly crucial. But while the INDCs that have been announced over the course of this year are important, they are only the first step. That is because what drives climate change is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, not the amount emitted in one ...
Document
... •Provide each non-Annex I country with 1000 CER notes and a log book to record amount of CERs and Euros. •Traders will be given 800 Euros and no CER notes. ...
... •Provide each non-Annex I country with 1000 CER notes and a log book to record amount of CERs and Euros. •Traders will be given 800 Euros and no CER notes. ...
Aircraft Noise in India
... EU Emission Trading Scheme Established through Directive 2003/87/EC Covers 10,000+ installations (>20MW) ~50% of EU’s CO2 Member States set National Emission Caps and allocate allowances for free and increasingly by auction Participants exceeding their allowed emission quota may purchase al ...
... EU Emission Trading Scheme Established through Directive 2003/87/EC Covers 10,000+ installations (>20MW) ~50% of EU’s CO2 Member States set National Emission Caps and allocate allowances for free and increasingly by auction Participants exceeding their allowed emission quota may purchase al ...
The Economics of Kyoto and New Zealand
... in the context of KP negotiations. This has been an sticking point with several important developed countries. ...
... in the context of KP negotiations. This has been an sticking point with several important developed countries. ...
EU Climate Change Policy
... a new, market based instrument, covering close to 50% of EU-25 CO2 emissions – the largest ever implemented taps on the market dynamics and innovation capacity of the industrial sectors, reduces Kyoto compliance cost covers major energy intensive industries, in total 12000 installations approximatel ...
... a new, market based instrument, covering close to 50% of EU-25 CO2 emissions – the largest ever implemented taps on the market dynamics and innovation capacity of the industrial sectors, reduces Kyoto compliance cost covers major energy intensive industries, in total 12000 installations approximatel ...
Emissions Trading Development & Evolution of ETS Dr. Ken Macken Programme Manager
... leaders in March 2007, to reduce greenhouse gases by at least 20% on 1990 levels by 2020, and at the same time to increase to 20% the share of renewables in energy consumption, together with a 10% biofuel target. The emissions reduction to be increased to 30% by 2020 when a new global climate chan ...
... leaders in March 2007, to reduce greenhouse gases by at least 20% on 1990 levels by 2020, and at the same time to increase to 20% the share of renewables in energy consumption, together with a 10% biofuel target. The emissions reduction to be increased to 30% by 2020 when a new global climate chan ...
Consultation on setting New Zealand`s post
... The most important objective is fairness so that all emitters (particularly in the agricultural sector) meet the full costs without any taxpayer subsidies. Ambitious targets are needed set in such a manner that everyone is motivated to take action now because of the urgent need for such a response. ...
... The most important objective is fairness so that all emitters (particularly in the agricultural sector) meet the full costs without any taxpayer subsidies. Ambitious targets are needed set in such a manner that everyone is motivated to take action now because of the urgent need for such a response. ...
Corporate EPA Presentation
... New ESR proposal for the Non-ETS sectors to be agreed for years 2021-2030 – proposal for Ireland to reduce emissions by 30% below 2005 by 2030 New flexibilities potentially available in terms of GHG accounting and compliance in the new proposal: Use of credits from carbon sinks – LULUCF (cappe ...
... New ESR proposal for the Non-ETS sectors to be agreed for years 2021-2030 – proposal for Ireland to reduce emissions by 30% below 2005 by 2030 New flexibilities potentially available in terms of GHG accounting and compliance in the new proposal: Use of credits from carbon sinks – LULUCF (cappe ...
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is a partial-coverage all-free allocation uncapped highly internationally linked emissions trading scheme. The NZ ETS was first legislated in the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008 in September 2008 under the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand and then amended in November 2009 and in November 2012 by the Fifth National Government of New Zealand.The NZ ETS covers forestry (a net sink), energy (42% of total 2012 emissions), industry (7% of total 2012 emissions) and waste (5% of total 2012 emissions) but not pastoral agriculture (46% of 2012 total emissions). Participants in the NZ ETS must surrender one emission unit (either an international 'Kyoto' unit or a New Zealand-issued unit) for every two tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions reported or they may choose to buy NZ units from the government at a fixed price of NZ$25.Individual sectors of the economy have different entry dates when their obligations to report emissions and surrender emission units take effect. Forestry, which contributed net removals of 17.5 Mts of CO2e in 2010 (19% of NZ's 2008 emissions,) entered the NZ ETS on 1 January 2008. The stationary energy, industrial processes and liquid fossil fuel sectors entered the NZ ETS on 1 July 2010. The waste sector (landfill operators) entered on 1 January 2013. From November 2009, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from pastoral agriculture were scheduled to be included in the NZ ETS from 1 January 2015. However, agriculture was indefinitely excluded from the NZ ETS in 2013. The NZ ETS is highly linked to international carbon markets as it allows the importing of most of the Kyoto Protocol emission units. It also creates a specific domestic unit; the 'New Zealand Unit' (NZU), which will be issued by free allocation to emitters, with no auctions intended in the short term. Free allocation of NZUs will vary by sector. The commercial fishery sector (who are not participants) will receive a free allocation of units on a historic basis. Owners of pre-1990 forests will receive a fixed free allocation of units. Free allocation to emissions-intensive industry, will be provided on an output-intensity basis. For this sector, there is no set limit on the number of units that may be allocated. The number of units allocated to eligible emitters will be based on the average emissions per unit of output within a defined 'activity'. Bertram and Terry (2010, p 16) state that as the NZ ETS does not 'cap' emissions, the NZ ETS is not a cap and trade scheme as understood in the economics literature.Some stakeholders have criticized the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme for its generous free allocations of emission units and the lack of a carbon price signal (the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment), and for being ineffective in reducing emissions (Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand).The NZ ETS was reviewed in late 2011 by an independent panel, which reported to the public in September 2011. In response, the NZ ETS was amended in November 2012.