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Punnett Practice and Notes
Punnett Practice and Notes

...  These characteristics are called traits. Traits depend on the types of proteins that the 4 bases (A,C,G,T) make up. Parents pass on copies of their DNA to their offspring.  The DNA from each parent combines to form the DNA of the offspring.  How the offspring develops depends on the instructions ...
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... 2. The amazing Dr. Johnston, yeast biologist extraordinaire, has discovered a new species of yeast that can grow on high-quality chocolate bars. Dr. Johnston’s new yeast species has three specific enzymes needed to break down lipids found in chocolate. a. Describe a process by which a yeast cell mig ...
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... medicines catered specifically to an individual's DNA. • Second, in producing antibiotics, scientists will be able to develop drugs which can kill a particular strain of bacteria, rather than wiping out all the bacteria in the body (good and bad bacteria) as current medicines do. • He also says that ...
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... called histones that can wind up a stretch of DNA so that the cell cannot make transcripts from it. All of the molecules that hang onto DNA, collectively known as epigenetic marks, are essential for cells to take their final form in the body. As an embryo matures, epigenetic marks in different cells ...
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Minimal genome

The concept of minimal genome assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.
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