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Transcript
COLLEGE-PREP BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW FOR THE MIDTERM YOU SHOULD KNOW: The definition of the word biology The areas of biology we’ll study this year and their definitions The differences between a hypothesis, theory, and a law The steps of the scientific method the contents of the safety contract how to make tables and graphs according to the handout given in class How to identify a control group and an experimental group in a lab How to pick out the independent and dependent variables in a lab The tools of the laboratory that were on the handout distributed the first week of school and how to use the tools that we’ve already used The definitions of the words from the oral reports – fields of biology The organelles of the cell and their functions The people responsible for inventing the microscope, naming the cell, and coming up with cell theory. (Ex: Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow) The parts of cell theory The structure of the cell membrane and why it’s described as a fluid mosaic The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells How to identify the major parts of a plant cell vs. an animal cell (cheek and onion lab) The parts of the microscope and what they do The different types of microscopes and for what purpose they’re used The distance across the field of view of the microscope on low and medium power in mm and microns (movement under the microscope lab) How to apply the rules of scientific writing How to write references if you’re provided with a guideline from your EHS Research Style Guide (available from my website) Understand diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport (endocytosis, exocytosis) including examples. Which way the water from the cell will move if the cell is placed in a hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solution (potato osmosis lab) (elodea lab in distilled and salt water) The number of chromosomes in each of your somatic cells and gametes; the number of genes in each somatic cell; definition of the word, “gene” The number of autosomes and sex chromosomes in each of your somatic cells and gametes What a karyotype, homologous chromosomes, chorionic villus sampling, and amniocentesis are The roles of Crick and Watson, and Rosalind Franklin in discovering the shape of the DNA molecule How the process of protein synthesis works including the separation of the DNA molecules, transcription by mRNA, translation by tRNA, the role of rRNA in the ribosome, and how the genetic code chart works (How Genes Make Proteins Activity, Herman or Agnes at the Zoo) Roles of proteins in living things (How Genes Make Proteins Activity) and class notes