Worked out problems
... Sample Exercise 20.4 Describing a Voltaic Cell The oxidation-reduction reaction is spontaneous. A solution containing K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 is poured into one beaker, and a solution of KI is poured into another. A salt bridge is used to join the beakers. A metallic conductor that will not react with ei ...
... Sample Exercise 20.4 Describing a Voltaic Cell The oxidation-reduction reaction is spontaneous. A solution containing K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 is poured into one beaker, and a solution of KI is poured into another. A salt bridge is used to join the beakers. A metallic conductor that will not react with ei ...
Astrochemistry and Star Formation
... their spectra are so rich and diverse that they can be used to understand the details of their surroundings and even heterogeneities in these details, and (ii) chemical processes that both form and destroy molecules yield strong constraints on the history and lifetimes of the sources. Among the most ...
... their spectra are so rich and diverse that they can be used to understand the details of their surroundings and even heterogeneities in these details, and (ii) chemical processes that both form and destroy molecules yield strong constraints on the history and lifetimes of the sources. Among the most ...
CBSE Living Science Chemistry Class X
... Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana has a vast experience in teaching and has been a paper-setter for various school board examinations. He is the author of many books. Dr Syamal has published about 350 scientific research papers, some of which are in the field of improvement of science education at th ...
... Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana has a vast experience in teaching and has been a paper-setter for various school board examinations. He is the author of many books. Dr Syamal has published about 350 scientific research papers, some of which are in the field of improvement of science education at th ...
Tutorial 4 (PowerPoint)
... – The tip is dragged across the surface and the deflection is measured optically – Deflection is due to repulsion of tip particles with surface particles – Can scratch the surface – not recommended for soft substrates ...
... – The tip is dragged across the surface and the deflection is measured optically – Deflection is due to repulsion of tip particles with surface particles – Can scratch the surface – not recommended for soft substrates ...
17 ADSORPTION AND CATALYSIS S MODULE - 5
... 5. Mordants are used during dyeing process with certain dyes. In such cases, the mordants fix the dye on the fabric by adsorption. ...
... 5. Mordants are used during dyeing process with certain dyes. In such cases, the mordants fix the dye on the fabric by adsorption. ...
Worksheet # 1 Solubility and Saturated Solutions 1. Define and give
... The Ksp is a measure of the solubility of an ionic salt. The larger the value of the Ksp, the greater is the solubility of the salt. You can only calculate a Ksp if the solution is saturated. Only saturated salt solutions are in equilibrium. You can calculate the Ksp from the solubility of a salt, s ...
... The Ksp is a measure of the solubility of an ionic salt. The larger the value of the Ksp, the greater is the solubility of the salt. You can only calculate a Ksp if the solution is saturated. Only saturated salt solutions are in equilibrium. You can calculate the Ksp from the solubility of a salt, s ...
electrochemistry
... there is an electrical potential difference between the two half-cells, simply called the cell potential. In the zinc-copper cell, electrons flow from Zn|Zn2+ half-cell to Cu|Cu2+ half-cell. The Zn|Z2+ half-cell has a higher electrical potential than Cu|Cu2+. The magnitude of cell potential depends ...
... there is an electrical potential difference between the two half-cells, simply called the cell potential. In the zinc-copper cell, electrons flow from Zn|Zn2+ half-cell to Cu|Cu2+ half-cell. The Zn|Z2+ half-cell has a higher electrical potential than Cu|Cu2+. The magnitude of cell potential depends ...
1. Given the balanced equation
... monoxide. Crushed limestone, CaCO3, is also added to the mixture to remove impurities in the ore. The carbon monoxide is formed by the oxidation of carbon(coke), as shown in the reaction below: 2 C + O2 - 2 CO + energy Liquid iron flows from the bottom of the blast furnace and is processed into diff ...
... monoxide. Crushed limestone, CaCO3, is also added to the mixture to remove impurities in the ore. The carbon monoxide is formed by the oxidation of carbon(coke), as shown in the reaction below: 2 C + O2 - 2 CO + energy Liquid iron flows from the bottom of the blast furnace and is processed into diff ...
Chapter12
... 1. Using Everyday Equations - everyday equations are called recipes A balanced chemical equation provides the same kind of quantitative information that a recipe does. You can double a recipe to make more, cut it in half to make less, etc. A balanced equation shows us how to make any quantity of any ...
... 1. Using Everyday Equations - everyday equations are called recipes A balanced chemical equation provides the same kind of quantitative information that a recipe does. You can double a recipe to make more, cut it in half to make less, etc. A balanced equation shows us how to make any quantity of any ...
Chapter 7: Solutions
... There were solvated cations and anions in each the two solutions before mixing, then the solutions were mixed and the cations and anions remained solvated in the mixture. ...
... There were solvated cations and anions in each the two solutions before mixing, then the solutions were mixed and the cations and anions remained solvated in the mixture. ...
aq - Moodle@FCT
... (c) This is a metal displacement reaction. The Ni metal replaces (reduces) the Pb2+ ion. The oxidation number of Ni increases from 0 to +2 while that of Pb decreases from +2 to 0. (d) The oxidation number of N is +4 in NO2 and it is +3 in HNO2 and +5 in HNO3. Because the oxidation number of the same ...
... (c) This is a metal displacement reaction. The Ni metal replaces (reduces) the Pb2+ ion. The oxidation number of Ni increases from 0 to +2 while that of Pb decreases from +2 to 0. (d) The oxidation number of N is +4 in NO2 and it is +3 in HNO2 and +5 in HNO3. Because the oxidation number of the same ...
Chapter_4_Reactions_in_Aqueous_Solution
... (a) This is a decomposition reaction because one reactant is converted to two different products. The oxidation number of N changes from +1 to 0, while that of O changes from −2 to 0. (b) This is a combination reaction (two reactants form a single product). The oxidation number of Li changes from 0 ...
... (a) This is a decomposition reaction because one reactant is converted to two different products. The oxidation number of N changes from +1 to 0, while that of O changes from −2 to 0. (b) This is a combination reaction (two reactants form a single product). The oxidation number of Li changes from 0 ...
Solution Definition and Speciation Calculations
... Explain the distribution of Fe between Fe(2) and Fe(3). Explain the distribution of S between S(6) and S(-2). This equation is used for pyrite saturation index: FeS2 + 2H+ + 2e- = Fe+2 + 2HSExplain why the pyrite saturation index is present or absent. This equation is used for goethite SI: FeOOH + 3 ...
... Explain the distribution of Fe between Fe(2) and Fe(3). Explain the distribution of S between S(6) and S(-2). This equation is used for pyrite saturation index: FeS2 + 2H+ + 2e- = Fe+2 + 2HSExplain why the pyrite saturation index is present or absent. This equation is used for goethite SI: FeOOH + 3 ...
A Manuscript Template for JAFM - Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics
... investigators at different operating conditions are compared with present predictions. Table 1 lists the condition for these test cases. Figure 6 presents a comparison between predicted and measured velocity at minimum pressure drop. It can be seen from this figure that most of the predictions lay i ...
... investigators at different operating conditions are compared with present predictions. Table 1 lists the condition for these test cases. Figure 6 presents a comparison between predicted and measured velocity at minimum pressure drop. It can be seen from this figure that most of the predictions lay i ...
Chemical Reactions of Copper and Percent Recovery
... less active metal. The more active metal becomes a cation and the cation of the less active metal becomes a metal. This process of transferring electrons is called a REDOX reaction and requires that REDuction occurs only in the presence of Oxidation (i.e. they are coupled). Oxidation is defined as t ...
... less active metal. The more active metal becomes a cation and the cation of the less active metal becomes a metal. This process of transferring electrons is called a REDOX reaction and requires that REDuction occurs only in the presence of Oxidation (i.e. they are coupled). Oxidation is defined as t ...
Transition Metal Oxides - University of Washington
... [13,20]. Given the initial CO, O2 and CO2 partial pressures (Pi;in ), it is a trivial exercise in undergraduate chemical thermodynamics to solve Eq. (9) and the appropriate mass balances (dictated by the reaction’s stoichiometry) for the final (effective) pressures of CO, O2 , and CO2 that would res ...
... [13,20]. Given the initial CO, O2 and CO2 partial pressures (Pi;in ), it is a trivial exercise in undergraduate chemical thermodynamics to solve Eq. (9) and the appropriate mass balances (dictated by the reaction’s stoichiometry) for the final (effective) pressures of CO, O2 , and CO2 that would res ...
ALUMINUM
... without stress fractures. Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity (between 35 and 38 m / (Ω mm2)) and can become a superconductor at 1.2 ° K. Its low electrical resistance is 2.65 x10-18 Ohm meters. It is also a good conductor of heat (80-230 W / (m • K), so it is very useful for heat exchangers ...
... without stress fractures. Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity (between 35 and 38 m / (Ω mm2)) and can become a superconductor at 1.2 ° K. Its low electrical resistance is 2.65 x10-18 Ohm meters. It is also a good conductor of heat (80-230 W / (m • K), so it is very useful for heat exchangers ...
Mechanisms and energetics of surface reactions at the copper
... omitted in order to make the illustration more clear. In the real situation the copper surface should be covered with water molecules and pre-adsorbed oxygen atoms. The relative amount of these species varies between different crystallographic planes, but surface experiments have shown that at norma ...
... omitted in order to make the illustration more clear. In the real situation the copper surface should be covered with water molecules and pre-adsorbed oxygen atoms. The relative amount of these species varies between different crystallographic planes, but surface experiments have shown that at norma ...
Chapter 4
... Oxidation and reduction always occur together so that there is no net loss or gain of electrons overall. ...
... Oxidation and reduction always occur together so that there is no net loss or gain of electrons overall. ...
Manual Physical Chemistry III
... surface concentration suggests the solute is congregating near the surface in levels in excess of its bulk values. The reverse is true if this quantity is negative. ...
... surface concentration suggests the solute is congregating near the surface in levels in excess of its bulk values. The reverse is true if this quantity is negative. ...
Electrical Effects and Devices/Dielectrics and Insulators
... temperatures and low space charge fields, the mobility is proportional to exp[–DH/kT] and at low temperatures to (T)1/4 [LeGressus and Blaise, 1992]. A high trapped charge density will create intense fields, which will in turn exert a controlling influence on the mobility and the charge distribution ...
... temperatures and low space charge fields, the mobility is proportional to exp[–DH/kT] and at low temperatures to (T)1/4 [LeGressus and Blaise, 1992]. A high trapped charge density will create intense fields, which will in turn exert a controlling influence on the mobility and the charge distribution ...
N Goalby chemrevise.org 1 2.5 Transition Metals Substitution
... The copper complex ion has changed from having unidentate ligands to a multidentate ligand. In this reaction there is an increase in the entropy because there are more moles of products than reactants (from 2 to 7), creating more disorder. The enthalpy change is small as there are similar numbers of ...
... The copper complex ion has changed from having unidentate ligands to a multidentate ligand. In this reaction there is an increase in the entropy because there are more moles of products than reactants (from 2 to 7), creating more disorder. The enthalpy change is small as there are similar numbers of ...
105
... In section 10.2, you learned that a redox reaction involves changes in oxidation numbers. If an element undergoes oxidation, its oxidation number increases. If an element undergoes reduction, its oxidation number decreases. When balancing equations by the half-reaction method in section 10.3, you so ...
... In section 10.2, you learned that a redox reaction involves changes in oxidation numbers. If an element undergoes oxidation, its oxidation number increases. If an element undergoes reduction, its oxidation number decreases. When balancing equations by the half-reaction method in section 10.3, you so ...
Double layer forces
Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length, which is on the order of one to a few tenths of nanometers. The strength of these forces increases with the magnitude of the surface charge density (or the electrical surface potential). For two similarly charged objects, this force is repulsive and decays exponentially at larger distances, see figure. For unequally charged objects and eventually at shorted distances, these forces may also be attractive. The theory due to Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) combines such double layer forces together with Van der Waals forces in order to estimate the actual interaction potential between colloidal particles.An electrical double layer develops near charged surfaces (or another charged objects) in aqueous solutions. Within this double layer, the first layer corresponds to the charged surface. These charges may originate from tightly adsorbed ions, dissociated surface groups, or substituted ions within the crystal lattice. The second layer corresponds to the diffuse layer, which contains the neutralizing charge consisting of accumulated counterions and depleted coions. The resulting potential profile between these two objects leads to differences in the ionic concentrations within the gap between these objects with respect to the bulk solution. These differences generate an osmotic pressure, which generates a force between these objects.These forces are easily experienced when hands are washed with soap. Adsorbing soap molecules make the skin negatively charged, and the slippery feeling is caused by the strongly repulsive double layer forces. These forces are further relevant in many colloidal or biological systems, and may be responsible for their stability, formation of colloidal crystals, or their rheological properties.