The Notochord and Floor Plate Guide Growth Cones
... Figure 2. The notochord can be efficiently and selectively ablated. Comparison of control wild-type embryos (A-c) with wildtype embryos following laser ablation of the notochord (D-F). A, DIC micrograph showing the row of midline floor plate cells (between arrows) and the notochord (N) in a side vie ...
... Figure 2. The notochord can be efficiently and selectively ablated. Comparison of control wild-type embryos (A-c) with wildtype embryos following laser ablation of the notochord (D-F). A, DIC micrograph showing the row of midline floor plate cells (between arrows) and the notochord (N) in a side vie ...
regionally specific induction by the spemann
... formation26 or promote anterior positional identity27. As the organizer was for decades considered to be the source of a powerful instructive agent, it initially came as a surprise, but is now widely accepted, that its main molecular function is to secrete antagonists to growth factors of three main ...
... formation26 or promote anterior positional identity27. As the organizer was for decades considered to be the source of a powerful instructive agent, it initially came as a surprise, but is now widely accepted, that its main molecular function is to secrete antagonists to growth factors of three main ...
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... transduction, the seven-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) has an intrinsic intracellular signaling activity, which is repressed by the 12-pass transmembrane Hh receptor Patched (Ptch). The binding of Hh ligands to Ptch initiates Hh-Ptch signal transduction by relieving the repressive effec ...
... transduction, the seven-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) has an intrinsic intracellular signaling activity, which is repressed by the 12-pass transmembrane Hh receptor Patched (Ptch). The binding of Hh ligands to Ptch initiates Hh-Ptch signal transduction by relieving the repressive effec ...
Tcf7l1 protects the anterior neural fold from adopting the neural crest
... appears to allow Wnt/β-catenin signaling to spread towards the ANF in both zebrafish and mouse. This leads to a deficiency in the expression of ANF-specific genes, accompanied by severe defects in head formation (Andoniadou et al., 2011; Dorsky et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2000). All these data have be ...
... appears to allow Wnt/β-catenin signaling to spread towards the ANF in both zebrafish and mouse. This leads to a deficiency in the expression of ANF-specific genes, accompanied by severe defects in head formation (Andoniadou et al., 2011; Dorsky et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2000). All these data have be ...
A Monoclonal Antibody against a Laminin
... the antibody and the longevity of detectable immunoreactivity were determined as a function of time after injection. Embryos were examined from 2 to 24 h after injection. At all times examined, the distribution of antibody appeared to be primarily unilateral, confined to the injected side. In embryo ...
... the antibody and the longevity of detectable immunoreactivity were determined as a function of time after injection. Embryos were examined from 2 to 24 h after injection. At all times examined, the distribution of antibody appeared to be primarily unilateral, confined to the injected side. In embryo ...
Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in
... tBR misexpression to ectoderm distant from the endogenous neural plate, via injection at the 16-cell stage in a single ventral-most ectoderm cell (400 pg). This led to K81 repression (48/53 negative), but not to Sox3 (7/7 negative) or Sox2 (45/46 negative) activation, suggesting that in these condit ...
... tBR misexpression to ectoderm distant from the endogenous neural plate, via injection at the 16-cell stage in a single ventral-most ectoderm cell (400 pg). This led to K81 repression (48/53 negative), but not to Sox3 (7/7 negative) or Sox2 (45/46 negative) activation, suggesting that in these condit ...
Animal Biology 56(4)
... components support the gills and/or contribute to the jaw and hyoid apparatus in gnathostomes, but they probably form parts of the anteriormost neurocranium as well. The second part, the neurocranium, consists of endochondral bone or cartilage elements that surround and protect the brain and sensory ...
... components support the gills and/or contribute to the jaw and hyoid apparatus in gnathostomes, but they probably form parts of the anteriormost neurocranium as well. The second part, the neurocranium, consists of endochondral bone or cartilage elements that surround and protect the brain and sensory ...
Hedgehog signaling and yolk sac angiogenesis
... vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis (Doetschman et al., 1985; Hirashima et al., 1999; Vittet et al., 1996). Hedgehog signaling is essential for proper pattern formation and morphogenesis in several species (McMahon, 2000). There are three mouse homologs of the Drosophila hedgehog (Hh) gene: sonic hedge ...
... vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis (Doetschman et al., 1985; Hirashima et al., 1999; Vittet et al., 1996). Hedgehog signaling is essential for proper pattern formation and morphogenesis in several species (McMahon, 2000). There are three mouse homologs of the Drosophila hedgehog (Hh) gene: sonic hedge ...
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... In order to find out which of the many possible deformation dynamics occurs in living tissues, it is vital to accurately capture the spatial heterogeneity of deformation characteristics, especially regions with higher growth rates and/or anisotropy of tissue stretching, which we call ‘morphogenetic ...
... In order to find out which of the many possible deformation dynamics occurs in living tissues, it is vital to accurately capture the spatial heterogeneity of deformation characteristics, especially regions with higher growth rates and/or anisotropy of tissue stretching, which we call ‘morphogenetic ...
Supplementary information
... Fig. S4. Sdf1 mis-expression causes misrouting of pharyngeal NC migration. (a-e) Cross-sections through the anterior hindbrain of Sdf1-electroporated embryos at E2 (15 hours post-electroporation; hpe) (a-b) and at E2.5 (24 hpe) (c-e). In situ hybridizations for Sdf1, Cxcr4 or Sox10 and GFP visualiz ...
... Fig. S4. Sdf1 mis-expression causes misrouting of pharyngeal NC migration. (a-e) Cross-sections through the anterior hindbrain of Sdf1-electroporated embryos at E2 (15 hours post-electroporation; hpe) (a-b) and at E2.5 (24 hpe) (c-e). In situ hybridizations for Sdf1, Cxcr4 or Sox10 and GFP visualiz ...
Generation of the podocyte and tubular components
... podocytes as well as tubular epithelium are thought to be derived from a uniform pool of undifferentiated cells that constitutes the PTA and that is subsequently patterned to form the different nephron segments (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). However, genetic fatemapping studies in the mouse metanephr ...
... podocytes as well as tubular epithelium are thought to be derived from a uniform pool of undifferentiated cells that constitutes the PTA and that is subsequently patterned to form the different nephron segments (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). However, genetic fatemapping studies in the mouse metanephr ...
Generation of the podocyte and tubular components
... podocytes as well as tubular epithelium are thought to be derived from a uniform pool of undifferentiated cells that constitutes the PTA and that is subsequently patterned to form the different nephron segments (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). However, genetic fatemapping studies in the mouse metanephr ...
... podocytes as well as tubular epithelium are thought to be derived from a uniform pool of undifferentiated cells that constitutes the PTA and that is subsequently patterned to form the different nephron segments (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). However, genetic fatemapping studies in the mouse metanephr ...
Blood Vessel Patterning at the Embryonic Midline
... (CoYn and Poole, 1991; Noden, 1988; Poole and CoYn, 1989). However, vascular patterning signals have been identified only recently, and the list is very incomplete. Moreover, little is known about where and how these signals act to pattern vessels. This review combines information from zebrafish, fr ...
... (CoYn and Poole, 1991; Noden, 1988; Poole and CoYn, 1989). However, vascular patterning signals have been identified only recently, and the list is very incomplete. Moreover, little is known about where and how these signals act to pattern vessels. This review combines information from zebrafish, fr ...
Xenopus hairy2 functions in neural crest formation by maintaining
... that hes-related genes might be involved in maintaining neural crest stem cells in the mitotic and undifferentiated state. In Xenopus, a member of the hesrelated gene, Xhairy2, is expressed in the entire prospective ectodermal region prior to the gastrula stage. As gastrulation progresses, the ectod ...
... that hes-related genes might be involved in maintaining neural crest stem cells in the mitotic and undifferentiated state. In Xenopus, a member of the hesrelated gene, Xhairy2, is expressed in the entire prospective ectodermal region prior to the gastrula stage. As gastrulation progresses, the ectod ...
Jelena Raspopovic Molecular basis for digit patterning in the vertebrate limb
... obtained by Optical Projection Tomography (OPT). This data provides a detailed description of molecules that play an important role during the early digit patterning process. In this chapter I also present my two publications with the respective supplementary material. My first publication with the ...
... obtained by Optical Projection Tomography (OPT). This data provides a detailed description of molecules that play an important role during the early digit patterning process. In this chapter I also present my two publications with the respective supplementary material. My first publication with the ...
Positive and Negative Regulation of Muscle Cell
... Vertebrate skeletal muscle contains muscle fibers of several types, which can be broadly classified as slow or fast fibers on the basis of differences in contraction speeds, metabolic activities, and motoneuron innervation. The earliest developing embryonic muscle fibers have intrinsic fiber type pr ...
... Vertebrate skeletal muscle contains muscle fibers of several types, which can be broadly classified as slow or fast fibers on the basis of differences in contraction speeds, metabolic activities, and motoneuron innervation. The earliest developing embryonic muscle fibers have intrinsic fiber type pr ...
Arterial–Venous Specification During Development
... embryos gives rise to defects in vascular remodeling within intersomitic vessels (ISVs).14 These observations suggest that the complementary expression of the ephrinB2 ligand and its EphB4 receptor in arterial and venous endothelium mediates signaling between these 2 cell types required for the prop ...
... embryos gives rise to defects in vascular remodeling within intersomitic vessels (ISVs).14 These observations suggest that the complementary expression of the ephrinB2 ligand and its EphB4 receptor in arterial and venous endothelium mediates signaling between these 2 cell types required for the prop ...
Microtubule-associated protein 1b is required for shaping the neural
... MT dynamics, suggest MAP1B function differs from the other MAPs [35]. MAP1B is also expressed prior to other members of this family in the nervous system [37–40], as it is observed in neuronal progenitors prior to their last mitotic division [41]. Despite this early expression and function in promot ...
... MT dynamics, suggest MAP1B function differs from the other MAPs [35]. MAP1B is also expressed prior to other members of this family in the nervous system [37–40], as it is observed in neuronal progenitors prior to their last mitotic division [41]. Despite this early expression and function in promot ...
Neural induction requires continued suppression of
... 32- to 64-cell stage embryos. The embryos were allowed to develop to neurula stages before they were collected, stained with a Gal substrate (Red Gal, Research Organics) and assayed by in situ hybridization for marker gene expression. Interestingly, we observed that although both inhibitors blocked ...
... 32- to 64-cell stage embryos. The embryos were allowed to develop to neurula stages before they were collected, stained with a Gal substrate (Red Gal, Research Organics) and assayed by in situ hybridization for marker gene expression. Interestingly, we observed that although both inhibitors blocked ...
Churchill, a Zinc Finger Transcriptional Activator, Regulates the
... between different roles of FGF. FGF induces ChCh slowly; this activates Smad-interacting-protein-1 (Sip1), which blocks further induction of the mesoderm markers brachyury and Tbx6L by FGF. ChCh is first expressed as cells stop migrating through the primitive streak, and we show that it regulates ce ...
... between different roles of FGF. FGF induces ChCh slowly; this activates Smad-interacting-protein-1 (Sip1), which blocks further induction of the mesoderm markers brachyury and Tbx6L by FGF. ChCh is first expressed as cells stop migrating through the primitive streak, and we show that it regulates ce ...
Maternal and Zygotic Control of Zebrafish Dorsoventral Axial
... release the dorsal determinant(s) to be transported by alternate means to the prospective dorsal-marginal blastomeres (93). Zebrafish maternal tokkaebi mutants lack Syntabulin and therefore are unable to initiate the transport of the dorsal determinant(s), resulting in a failure to activate Wnt signa ...
... release the dorsal determinant(s) to be transported by alternate means to the prospective dorsal-marginal blastomeres (93). Zebrafish maternal tokkaebi mutants lack Syntabulin and therefore are unable to initiate the transport of the dorsal determinant(s), resulting in a failure to activate Wnt signa ...
Maternal Torso-Like Coordinates Tissue Folding During
... suggested that tsl is important but not essential for apical constriction, and thus may perform a regulatory role in morphogenesis. We therefore hypothesised that tsl might be required to coordinate the timing of apical constriction across the ventral domain. To investigate this, we imaged ventral m ...
... suggested that tsl is important but not essential for apical constriction, and thus may perform a regulatory role in morphogenesis. We therefore hypothesised that tsl might be required to coordinate the timing of apical constriction across the ventral domain. To investigate this, we imaged ventral m ...
The novel mouse mutant, chuzhoi, has disruption of Ptk7
... survival but often associated with lower body paralysis or dysfunction. Craniorachischisis accounts for around 10% of NTD cases [3]. Studies with model organisms are essential in helping to elucidate the genetic, molecular and cellular defects that cause these congenital abnormalities which, in turn ...
... survival but often associated with lower body paralysis or dysfunction. Craniorachischisis accounts for around 10% of NTD cases [3]. Studies with model organisms are essential in helping to elucidate the genetic, molecular and cellular defects that cause these congenital abnormalities which, in turn ...
The preplacodal region - Kings College
... specification of border derivatives. Msx1 is a direct mediator of BMP signalling and as such functions in promoting epidermal and repressing neural character during early stages of Xenopus development, thereby positioning the border between both tissues (Suzuki, et al., 1997; Feledy, et al., 1999; P ...
... specification of border derivatives. Msx1 is a direct mediator of BMP signalling and as such functions in promoting epidermal and repressing neural character during early stages of Xenopus development, thereby positioning the border between both tissues (Suzuki, et al., 1997; Feledy, et al., 1999; P ...
Full Text
... specification of border derivatives. Msx1 is a direct mediator of BMP signalling and as such functions in promoting epidermal and repressing neural character during early stages of Xenopus development, thereby positioning the border between both tissues (Suzuki, et al., 1997; Feledy, et al., 1999; P ...
... specification of border derivatives. Msx1 is a direct mediator of BMP signalling and as such functions in promoting epidermal and repressing neural character during early stages of Xenopus development, thereby positioning the border between both tissues (Suzuki, et al., 1997; Feledy, et al., 1999; P ...
Sonic hedgehog
Sonic hedgehog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHH (""sonic hedgehog"") gene. Both the gene and the protein may also be found notated alternatively as ""Shh"".Sonic hedgehog is one of three proteins in the mammalian signaling pathway family called hedgehog, the others being desert hedgehog (DHH) and Indian hedgehog (IHH). SHH is the best studied ligand of the hedgehog signaling pathway. It plays a key role in regulating vertebrate organogenesis, such as in the growth of digits on limbs and organization of the brain. Sonic hedgehog is the best established example of a morphogen as defined by Lewis Wolpert's French flag model—a molecule that diffuses to form a concentration gradient and has different effects on the cells of the developing embryo depending on its concentration. SHH remains important in the adult. It controls cell division of adult stem cells and has been implicated in the development of some cancers.