FGF signaling is essential for the early events in the development of
... For the morphometric analysis at the end of 22 h incubation, PC saline- 47 embryos, BSA- 57 embryos and FGF-treated 61 embryos, which reached approximately the same stage of development (HH stage 8+-9+) were selected. Mean length of the body axis of PC saline- and BSA-treated embryos was 4.32+0.12 a ...
... For the morphometric analysis at the end of 22 h incubation, PC saline- 47 embryos, BSA- 57 embryos and FGF-treated 61 embryos, which reached approximately the same stage of development (HH stage 8+-9+) were selected. Mean length of the body axis of PC saline- and BSA-treated embryos was 4.32+0.12 a ...
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... Indian hedgehog signals independently of PTHrP to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy Kinglun Kingston Mak1, Henry M. Kronenberg2, Pao-Tien Chuang3, Susan Mackem4 and Yingzi Yang1,* Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. Proper regulation of chondrocyte ...
... Indian hedgehog signals independently of PTHrP to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy Kinglun Kingston Mak1, Henry M. Kronenberg2, Pao-Tien Chuang3, Susan Mackem4 and Yingzi Yang1,* Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential process required for endochondral bone formation. Proper regulation of chondrocyte ...
Insights From a Sea Lamprey Into the Evolution of Neural Crest
... Neural Crest and Non-Vertebrate Chordates Traditionally, the neural crest has been considered an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates, since nonvertebrate chordates lack bona fide neural crest and are filter-feeders. A recent study in the colonial ascidian Ecteinascidia identified a population of ...
... Neural Crest and Non-Vertebrate Chordates Traditionally, the neural crest has been considered an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates, since nonvertebrate chordates lack bona fide neural crest and are filter-feeders. A recent study in the colonial ascidian Ecteinascidia identified a population of ...
Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral axis determination in
... the putative Toll ligand might be initially produced and distributed in a way that would determine the shape of the nuclear dorsal protein gradient. This process would not require additional steps of pattern formation. If, on the other hand, only a weak dorsal-ventral asymmetry were present in the v ...
... the putative Toll ligand might be initially produced and distributed in a way that would determine the shape of the nuclear dorsal protein gradient. This process would not require additional steps of pattern formation. If, on the other hand, only a weak dorsal-ventral asymmetry were present in the v ...
Assembling Neural Crest Regulatory Circuits into a Gene
... organisms ranging from lampreys and fish to frog, chick, and mouse. Neural crest cells form over a lengthy period of time during development that starts at gastrulation and extends into late organogenesis. This process is initiated by a combination of inductive signals emanating from environing tissu ...
... organisms ranging from lampreys and fish to frog, chick, and mouse. Neural crest cells form over a lengthy period of time during development that starts at gastrulation and extends into late organogenesis. This process is initiated by a combination of inductive signals emanating from environing tissu ...
Spatial organization of the epithelium and the role of neural crest
... against the template formed originally by soft tissue, the shape of which becomes effectively fossilized by subsequent mineralization of dentine and enamel. In few other epithelial-mesenchymal organs do both component tissues ultimately contribute organspecific materials and none displays the comple ...
... against the template formed originally by soft tissue, the shape of which becomes effectively fossilized by subsequent mineralization of dentine and enamel. In few other epithelial-mesenchymal organs do both component tissues ultimately contribute organspecific materials and none displays the comple ...
Maternal control of the Drosophila dorsalventral body axis
... FIGURE 3 | The current understanding of the order of action and epistatic relationships of the gene products known to be involved in dorsal–ventral patterning of the embryo. ...
... FIGURE 3 | The current understanding of the order of action and epistatic relationships of the gene products known to be involved in dorsal–ventral patterning of the embryo. ...
Induction of floor plate differentiation by contact
... In the spinal cord of chick embryos from which the notochord has earlier been removed, neurons characteristic of the dorsal spinal cord differentiate but floor plate cells and motor neurons do not (Yamada et al., 1991; Placzek et al., 1991; Ericson et al., 1992). We therefore examined whether the ne ...
... In the spinal cord of chick embryos from which the notochord has earlier been removed, neurons characteristic of the dorsal spinal cord differentiate but floor plate cells and motor neurons do not (Yamada et al., 1991; Placzek et al., 1991; Ericson et al., 1992). We therefore examined whether the ne ...
INTRODUCTION - UEA Digital Repository
... Vertebrate limbs originate from a dual contribution of somitic and lateral plate mesoderm. Lateral plate mesoderm cells give rise to most of the limb tissues, whereas, cells from the lateral edge of the somites (epaxial dermomyotome) are responsible for the limb muscles. ...
... Vertebrate limbs originate from a dual contribution of somitic and lateral plate mesoderm. Lateral plate mesoderm cells give rise to most of the limb tissues, whereas, cells from the lateral edge of the somites (epaxial dermomyotome) are responsible for the limb muscles. ...
Neural Crest Inducing Signals
... dorsalin-l, the addition of these molecules to intermediate neural plate explants could induce neural crest in the absence of epidermis, leading to the proposal that BMPs may be the epidermal signal responsible for neural crest induction.^ At early stages of development (stages 4 and 5 HH), BMP-4 is ...
... dorsalin-l, the addition of these molecules to intermediate neural plate explants could induce neural crest in the absence of epidermis, leading to the proposal that BMPs may be the epidermal signal responsible for neural crest induction.^ At early stages of development (stages 4 and 5 HH), BMP-4 is ...
patterning mechanisms controlling vertebrate limb development
... clearly an excellent experimental model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate pattern formation during embryogenesis. Vertebrate limbs are appendages that perform crucial roles, being involved in locomotion, feeding, copulation, communication, and other complex tasks. Over the ...
... clearly an excellent experimental model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate pattern formation during embryogenesis. Vertebrate limbs are appendages that perform crucial roles, being involved in locomotion, feeding, copulation, communication, and other complex tasks. Over the ...
Tcf3: a transcriptional regulator of axis induction in the early embryo
... The roles of Lef/Tcf proteins in determining cell fate characteristics have been described in many contexts during vertebrate embryogenesis, organ and tissue homeostasis, and cancer formation. Although much of the accumulated work on these proteins involves their ability to transactivate target gene ...
... The roles of Lef/Tcf proteins in determining cell fate characteristics have been described in many contexts during vertebrate embryogenesis, organ and tissue homeostasis, and cancer formation. Although much of the accumulated work on these proteins involves their ability to transactivate target gene ...
Role of chick cux1 and cux2 during limb development
... cytoplasmic mediators, most of the nuclear targets of these pathways are still unknown. One of the most fruitful approaches to studying vertebrate limb development has been to pursue parallels of the molecular mechanisms that pattern the Drosophila appendages. In Drosophila, the gene cut, a member o ...
... cytoplasmic mediators, most of the nuclear targets of these pathways are still unknown. One of the most fruitful approaches to studying vertebrate limb development has been to pursue parallels of the molecular mechanisms that pattern the Drosophila appendages. In Drosophila, the gene cut, a member o ...
Increasing Fgf4 expression in the mouse limb bud
... Msx2-cre, a transgene that expresses cre in early limb bud ectoderm, as well as in other tissues of the embryo. We previously used Msx2cre to inactivate Fgf4 (Sun et al., 2000), Fgf8 (Lewandoski et al., 2000), and both Fgf4 and Fgf8 (Sun et al., 2002) during limb development. At birth, Msx2-cre;Fgf4 ...
... Msx2-cre, a transgene that expresses cre in early limb bud ectoderm, as well as in other tissues of the embryo. We previously used Msx2cre to inactivate Fgf4 (Sun et al., 2000), Fgf8 (Lewandoski et al., 2000), and both Fgf4 and Fgf8 (Sun et al., 2002) during limb development. At birth, Msx2-cre;Fgf4 ...
Axis-inducing activities and cell fates of the zebrafish organizer.
... morphological shield does not remove all goosecoid- and floating head-expressing cells, suggesting that the morphological shield does not comprise the entire organizer region. Complete removal of the embryonic shield and adjacent marginal tissue, however, leads to a loss of both prechordal plate and ...
... morphological shield does not remove all goosecoid- and floating head-expressing cells, suggesting that the morphological shield does not comprise the entire organizer region. Complete removal of the embryonic shield and adjacent marginal tissue, however, leads to a loss of both prechordal plate and ...
Vertebrate limb development--the early stages in chick - ICB-USP
... The importance of FGF signalling for early limb development has been further tested in the past year by mouse knockouts of FGF ligands and their receptors. A dramatic phenotype was reported a few years ago in Fgf10 knockouts. Both forelimbs and hindlimbs are almost completely absent [2,3] and, depen ...
... The importance of FGF signalling for early limb development has been further tested in the past year by mouse knockouts of FGF ligands and their receptors. A dramatic phenotype was reported a few years ago in Fgf10 knockouts. Both forelimbs and hindlimbs are almost completely absent [2,3] and, depen ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... to the cellular and subcellular levels and, from the 1950’s on, to the molecular level, transformed experimental embryology to developmental biology”. The term “decline” of experimental embryology was falsely interpreted by some authors as a decline of the Freiburg school. That this opinion is wrong ...
... to the cellular and subcellular levels and, from the 1950’s on, to the molecular level, transformed experimental embryology to developmental biology”. The term “decline” of experimental embryology was falsely interpreted by some authors as a decline of the Freiburg school. That this opinion is wrong ...
Re-establishing the avian body plan - Development
... Kessler and Melton, 1994). It is now clear that the organizer is formed on the dorsal side of the gastrula embryo in the equatorial region as a result of inductive interactions between the marginal zone and the dorsal vegetal (endodermal) region, also known as the Nieuwkoop center (Nieuwkoop, 1969, ...
... Kessler and Melton, 1994). It is now clear that the organizer is formed on the dorsal side of the gastrula embryo in the equatorial region as a result of inductive interactions between the marginal zone and the dorsal vegetal (endodermal) region, also known as the Nieuwkoop center (Nieuwkoop, 1969, ...
A FAILURE OF INDUCTION IN NORMAL DEVELOPMENT
... of the evocated field, it is more difficult to see how it could influence the transverse co-ordinates. Although the ectoderm can, as we have just seen, produce a field completely specified in the transverse direction, other evidence makes it probable that this specification can also be affected by a ...
... of the evocated field, it is more difficult to see how it could influence the transverse co-ordinates. Although the ectoderm can, as we have just seen, produce a field completely specified in the transverse direction, other evidence makes it probable that this specification can also be affected by a ...
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... signaling dynamics of the morphogen Dpp, one of several Drosophila factors controlling morphogenetic growth, in the developing eye. In this tissue, the Dpp expression domain advances from the posterior to the anterior tissue edge. In front of this moving morphogen source, signaling inputs including ...
... signaling dynamics of the morphogen Dpp, one of several Drosophila factors controlling morphogenetic growth, in the developing eye. In this tissue, the Dpp expression domain advances from the posterior to the anterior tissue edge. In front of this moving morphogen source, signaling inputs including ...
The transcription factor FoxB mediates temporal
... fate specification of various embryonic cell types. Occurrence of inductive events depends on the presence of not only an inductive signal but also on cellular competence, i.e. the ability of cells to receive and respond to inductive signals. These properties are temporally and spatially regulated i ...
... fate specification of various embryonic cell types. Occurrence of inductive events depends on the presence of not only an inductive signal but also on cellular competence, i.e. the ability of cells to receive and respond to inductive signals. These properties are temporally and spatially regulated i ...
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... fate specification of various embryonic cell types. Occurrence of inductive events depends on the presence of not only an inductive signal but also on cellular competence, i.e. the ability of cells to receive and respond to inductive signals. These properties are temporally and spatially regulated i ...
... fate specification of various embryonic cell types. Occurrence of inductive events depends on the presence of not only an inductive signal but also on cellular competence, i.e. the ability of cells to receive and respond to inductive signals. These properties are temporally and spatially regulated i ...
What is bad in cancer is good in the embryo: Importance of EMT in
... early migratory NC. RhoB null mice do not display any evident developmental defects, which may reflect redundancy between the family members [48]. The avian RhoB expression is turned on after Snail2 and does not appear to affect neural crest cell fate specification (i.e. no alteration in expression ...
... early migratory NC. RhoB null mice do not display any evident developmental defects, which may reflect redundancy between the family members [48]. The avian RhoB expression is turned on after Snail2 and does not appear to affect neural crest cell fate specification (i.e. no alteration in expression ...
Hox genes, neural crest cells and branchial arch patterning Paul A
... The cranial mesoderm forms the predominantly myogenic cores of each branchial arch, which are enveloped by migrating neural crest cells [26–28]. Until recently, the cranial mesoderm was not thought to play a patterning role during craniofacial development. However, it has now been shown that the cra ...
... The cranial mesoderm forms the predominantly myogenic cores of each branchial arch, which are enveloped by migrating neural crest cells [26–28]. Until recently, the cranial mesoderm was not thought to play a patterning role during craniofacial development. However, it has now been shown that the cra ...
Developmental Signaling by Noggin and Wnt in the Frog Xenopus
... mechanism whereby incresed Bmp signaling inhibits chondrogenesis and ventralizes the PAs resulting in the jaw deformities observed in mutants. Neural development in amphibians occurs as a two-step process. First, ectodermal precursors adopt a neural fate in the absence of Bmp signaling. A second sig ...
... mechanism whereby incresed Bmp signaling inhibits chondrogenesis and ventralizes the PAs resulting in the jaw deformities observed in mutants. Neural development in amphibians occurs as a two-step process. First, ectodermal precursors adopt a neural fate in the absence of Bmp signaling. A second sig ...
Sonic hedgehog
Sonic hedgehog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHH (""sonic hedgehog"") gene. Both the gene and the protein may also be found notated alternatively as ""Shh"".Sonic hedgehog is one of three proteins in the mammalian signaling pathway family called hedgehog, the others being desert hedgehog (DHH) and Indian hedgehog (IHH). SHH is the best studied ligand of the hedgehog signaling pathway. It plays a key role in regulating vertebrate organogenesis, such as in the growth of digits on limbs and organization of the brain. Sonic hedgehog is the best established example of a morphogen as defined by Lewis Wolpert's French flag model—a molecule that diffuses to form a concentration gradient and has different effects on the cells of the developing embryo depending on its concentration. SHH remains important in the adult. It controls cell division of adult stem cells and has been implicated in the development of some cancers.