Patterning the Xenopus blastula - Development
... mRNAs are present in the oocyte and early embryo and have dorsalizing activity when injected into embryos (Xwnt 11: Ku and Melton, 1993; Xwnt-8b: Cui et al., 1995). But the roles of the endogenous molecules have yet to be defined. Recent studies have indicated that homologs of the Drosophila frizzle ...
... mRNAs are present in the oocyte and early embryo and have dorsalizing activity when injected into embryos (Xwnt 11: Ku and Melton, 1993; Xwnt-8b: Cui et al., 1995). But the roles of the endogenous molecules have yet to be defined. Recent studies have indicated that homologs of the Drosophila frizzle ...
McCauley, D.W., and Bronner-Fraser, M. (2006).
... indicating that SoxE1 might not be involved in mandibular arch formation. Thus, early partitioning of SoxE function among paralogues after their duplication at the base of vertebrates might have been crucial for segregating the developmental programme of the first arch from that of the caudal pharyn ...
... indicating that SoxE1 might not be involved in mandibular arch formation. Thus, early partitioning of SoxE function among paralogues after their duplication at the base of vertebrates might have been crucial for segregating the developmental programme of the first arch from that of the caudal pharyn ...
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... Sulfation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans is necessary for proper Indian hedgehog signaling in the developing growth plate Mauricio Cortes1, Alexis T. Baria2 and Nancy B. Schwartz1,2,* In contrast to the functional role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), the importance of chondroitin sul ...
... Sulfation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans is necessary for proper Indian hedgehog signaling in the developing growth plate Mauricio Cortes1, Alexis T. Baria2 and Nancy B. Schwartz1,2,* In contrast to the functional role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), the importance of chondroitin sul ...
REVIEWS
... this activity becomes lateralized seem to differ between species. In X. laevis, the localization of maternal transcripts that encode the H+/K+-ATPase α-subunit is asymmetrical with respect to the LR axis as early as the two-cell stage19. However, no such asymmetries have been found in chick19 or zeb ...
... this activity becomes lateralized seem to differ between species. In X. laevis, the localization of maternal transcripts that encode the H+/K+-ATPase α-subunit is asymmetrical with respect to the LR axis as early as the two-cell stage19. However, no such asymmetries have been found in chick19 or zeb ...
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... initiates with the formation of a midline hinge-point in cells that will form the floor plate of the neural tube. Through highly orchestrated cell shape changes, including apical constriction, the neural plate folds and the dorsalmost cells join to create a closed tube. Understanding the mechanisms ...
... initiates with the formation of a midline hinge-point in cells that will form the floor plate of the neural tube. Through highly orchestrated cell shape changes, including apical constriction, the neural plate folds and the dorsalmost cells join to create a closed tube. Understanding the mechanisms ...
Neuromesodermal progenitors and the making of the
... signalling promoted the formation of anterior neural tissue (with forebrain character), which could then be patterned by posteriorising signals, such as retinoic acid (RA), Wnt and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). The molecular basis for this ‘activation’ step is not without controversy when extend ...
... signalling promoted the formation of anterior neural tissue (with forebrain character), which could then be patterned by posteriorising signals, such as retinoic acid (RA), Wnt and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). The molecular basis for this ‘activation’ step is not without controversy when extend ...
Final published version - Discovery
... signalling promoted the formation of anterior neural tissue (with forebrain character), which could then be patterned by posteriorising signals, such as retinoic acid (RA), Wnt and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). The molecular basis for this ‘activation’ step is not without controversy when extend ...
... signalling promoted the formation of anterior neural tissue (with forebrain character), which could then be patterned by posteriorising signals, such as retinoic acid (RA), Wnt and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). The molecular basis for this ‘activation’ step is not without controversy when extend ...
Spemann`s organizer and the self-regulation of
... formation of new structures such as heads or trunks, while overexpression of ventral genes in general causes defects in dorsal or head structures. Loss of structures can also be triggered by non-specific effects, and therefore ventral genes have received less attention than they deserve. Their inves ...
... formation of new structures such as heads or trunks, while overexpression of ventral genes in general causes defects in dorsal or head structures. Loss of structures can also be triggered by non-specific effects, and therefore ventral genes have received less attention than they deserve. Their inves ...
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... These CPG networks generate simple organized motor rhythms in an autonomous manner. Initial efforts to decipher the general organization of these simple motor CPGs in vertebrates relied heavily on electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. Such efforts were greatly aided by the development ...
... These CPG networks generate simple organized motor rhythms in an autonomous manner. Initial efforts to decipher the general organization of these simple motor CPGs in vertebrates relied heavily on electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. Such efforts were greatly aided by the development ...
Control of Cell Pattern in the Neural Tube: Motor Neuron Induction
... The nature and mechanism of action of signals that control the patterning of cell types along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube have, however, not been defined. In particular, the time at which inductive signals specify the fate of neural cells and establish dorsoventral pattern is not known. ...
... The nature and mechanism of action of signals that control the patterning of cell types along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube have, however, not been defined. In particular, the time at which inductive signals specify the fate of neural cells and establish dorsoventral pattern is not known. ...
Perspectives on the evolutionary origin of tetrapod limbs
... zoan phyla has revealed that Dll/Dlx is associated with outgrowths from the body wall in many different animals. For example, Dll/Dlx genes are expressed in the tubefeet and spines of sea urchins, in Onychophoran lobopodia and antennae, in ampullae and siphons of ascidians, in the parapodia of annel ...
... zoan phyla has revealed that Dll/Dlx is associated with outgrowths from the body wall in many different animals. For example, Dll/Dlx genes are expressed in the tubefeet and spines of sea urchins, in Onychophoran lobopodia and antennae, in ampullae and siphons of ascidians, in the parapodia of annel ...
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... not known how the activity of FGF is regulated in the embryo to account for its role during neural induction. As it is well established that several proteoglycans (PGs) can regulate the activity of FGF, in some cases working as co-receptors, we decided to study the role of PGs as potential modulator ...
... not known how the activity of FGF is regulated in the embryo to account for its role during neural induction. As it is well established that several proteoglycans (PGs) can regulate the activity of FGF, in some cases working as co-receptors, we decided to study the role of PGs as potential modulator ...
Wnts and PKA control Nodal expression
... Growth Factor (FGF) superfamilies of secreted factors have all been shown to engage in regulatory loops that initiate and stabilize asymmetric gene expression in the early embryo. Among the genes known to play instructive roles during the development of the left-right (LR) axis, the gene Nodal occup ...
... Growth Factor (FGF) superfamilies of secreted factors have all been shown to engage in regulatory loops that initiate and stabilize asymmetric gene expression in the early embryo. Among the genes known to play instructive roles during the development of the left-right (LR) axis, the gene Nodal occup ...
Xror2 modulates convergent extension
... of which have been suggested to mediate the regulation of convergent extension in Xenopus) (Darken et al., 2002; Djiane et al., 2000; Habas et al., 2001; Heisenberg et al., 2000; Park and Moon, 2002; Sokol, 1996; Tada and Smith, 2000; Wallingford and Harland, 2001; Wallingford et al., 2000). One of ...
... of which have been suggested to mediate the regulation of convergent extension in Xenopus) (Darken et al., 2002; Djiane et al., 2000; Habas et al., 2001; Heisenberg et al., 2000; Park and Moon, 2002; Sokol, 1996; Tada and Smith, 2000; Wallingford and Harland, 2001; Wallingford et al., 2000). One of ...
Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives
... The scaffold protein Dvl was previously thought to act downstream of LRP6 because dsh overexpression activates ß-catenin signaling in Drosophila LRP6 (arrow) mutants (23) and because the constitutively active Dfz2-Arrow fusion protein is inactive in dsh mutants (24). The explanation for this discre ...
... The scaffold protein Dvl was previously thought to act downstream of LRP6 because dsh overexpression activates ß-catenin signaling in Drosophila LRP6 (arrow) mutants (23) and because the constitutively active Dfz2-Arrow fusion protein is inactive in dsh mutants (24). The explanation for this discre ...
Embryonic development and the understanding of the adult body
... Chipman and co-workers took advantage of the wealth of data that are available on the mechanism of segmentation in arthropods. Work on the fruit fly Drosophila during the last three decades has taught us the molecular and genetic pathways that control segment formation in the fly (Nüsslein-Volhard & ...
... Chipman and co-workers took advantage of the wealth of data that are available on the mechanism of segmentation in arthropods. Work on the fruit fly Drosophila during the last three decades has taught us the molecular and genetic pathways that control segment formation in the fly (Nüsslein-Volhard & ...
Dishevelled signaling and neural tube closure
... We refer to Xdd1-injected embryos which will eventually exhibit an open neural tube defect as ‘open-NT’ embryos, and embryos which will eventually close their neural tube as ‘closed-NT’ embryos. Xdd1 closed-NT embryos serve as a useful control group for identifying aspects of morphogenesis which are ...
... We refer to Xdd1-injected embryos which will eventually exhibit an open neural tube defect as ‘open-NT’ embryos, and embryos which will eventually close their neural tube as ‘closed-NT’ embryos. Xdd1 closed-NT embryos serve as a useful control group for identifying aspects of morphogenesis which are ...
pitx3 defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary
... and cell-type specification (Treier et al., 2001) indirectly (Takuma et al., 1998). Several homeodomain transcription factors may control specification of pituitary cell types in a combinatorial manner and are likely targets of signaling interactions (Dasen and Rosenfeld, 1999a). Lhx3, for example, ...
... and cell-type specification (Treier et al., 2001) indirectly (Takuma et al., 1998). Several homeodomain transcription factors may control specification of pituitary cell types in a combinatorial manner and are likely targets of signaling interactions (Dasen and Rosenfeld, 1999a). Lhx3, for example, ...
XBF-2 is a transcriptional repressor that converts ectoderm into
... SoxD, which can induce ectopic neural and neuronal development (Mizuseki et al., 1998b) Most of these genes are associated with specifying or patterning specific domains of the neural plate, suggesting that many factors will combine to determine the detailed pattern of the nervous system. In order t ...
... SoxD, which can induce ectopic neural and neuronal development (Mizuseki et al., 1998b) Most of these genes are associated with specifying or patterning specific domains of the neural plate, suggesting that many factors will combine to determine the detailed pattern of the nervous system. In order t ...
... a measure of radial depth within the embryo. Measures of the distances between forebrain regions were taken along the curved surface of the embryo, within a plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis, passing through the centroid. These distances were also converted to relative angles by taking ...
Pancreas or liver choice within endoderm
... We first sought to define the exact time and place where the earliest markers of the pancreas and liver are activated. RT-PCR was used to investigate Pdx1 gene expression in endoderm fragments dissected from the ventral foregut of mouse embryos at 8-8.5 days gestation (Fig. 1A). No Pdx1 product was ...
... We first sought to define the exact time and place where the earliest markers of the pancreas and liver are activated. RT-PCR was used to investigate Pdx1 gene expression in endoderm fragments dissected from the ventral foregut of mouse embryos at 8-8.5 days gestation (Fig. 1A). No Pdx1 product was ...
the cortical rotation, the wnt pathway
... is a central player of the Wnt pathway; ectopic expression of Xwnt-8 mRNA results in βcatenin stabilization and nuclear translocation near the injected side. Xwnt-8 mRNA is thought to mimic an endogenous signal, but it is not expressed in the egg (at the gastrula stage it is expressed ventrolaterall ...
... is a central player of the Wnt pathway; ectopic expression of Xwnt-8 mRNA results in βcatenin stabilization and nuclear translocation near the injected side. Xwnt-8 mRNA is thought to mimic an endogenous signal, but it is not expressed in the egg (at the gastrula stage it is expressed ventrolaterall ...
Article (Published version)
... Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 are required for the development of primary neurons Several morpholino-modified antisense oligonucleotides (MO) were designed overlapping or adjacent to the initiator ATG of each Gli mRNA. Initial tests for efficacy of their ability to inhibit target mRNA translation used in vitr ...
... Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 are required for the development of primary neurons Several morpholino-modified antisense oligonucleotides (MO) were designed overlapping or adjacent to the initiator ATG of each Gli mRNA. Initial tests for efficacy of their ability to inhibit target mRNA translation used in vitr ...
Sonic hedgehog
Sonic hedgehog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHH (""sonic hedgehog"") gene. Both the gene and the protein may also be found notated alternatively as ""Shh"".Sonic hedgehog is one of three proteins in the mammalian signaling pathway family called hedgehog, the others being desert hedgehog (DHH) and Indian hedgehog (IHH). SHH is the best studied ligand of the hedgehog signaling pathway. It plays a key role in regulating vertebrate organogenesis, such as in the growth of digits on limbs and organization of the brain. Sonic hedgehog is the best established example of a morphogen as defined by Lewis Wolpert's French flag model—a molecule that diffuses to form a concentration gradient and has different effects on the cells of the developing embryo depending on its concentration. SHH remains important in the adult. It controls cell division of adult stem cells and has been implicated in the development of some cancers.