The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction
... planta. By using antisense and sense technology, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum lines (CAT1AS) were produced that retained only 10% of their residual catalase activity [27]. These transgenic plants were used to study the local and systemic signaling role of H2O2 in pathogen defense. Catalases are tetr ...
... planta. By using antisense and sense technology, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum lines (CAT1AS) were produced that retained only 10% of their residual catalase activity [27]. These transgenic plants were used to study the local and systemic signaling role of H2O2 in pathogen defense. Catalases are tetr ...
the scf ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine
... search for candidate genes at the polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) gene locus2. Although apparently unrelated to PCKD, the gene was notable for the presence of a cyclin domain. Cyclin-F levels were later shown to oscillate during the cell cycle to a similar extent as those of cyclins A and B (REF. 3 ...
... search for candidate genes at the polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) gene locus2. Although apparently unrelated to PCKD, the gene was notable for the presence of a cyclin domain. Cyclin-F levels were later shown to oscillate during the cell cycle to a similar extent as those of cyclins A and B (REF. 3 ...
Neuronal polarity: from extracellular signals to
... However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this neuronal polarization were unclear until a decade ago. Many experiments using cultured embryonic hippocampal neurons have revealed that, as they develop, neurons initially generate several equivalent neurites, but then begin to polarize so that on ...
... However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this neuronal polarization were unclear until a decade ago. Many experiments using cultured embryonic hippocampal neurons have revealed that, as they develop, neurons initially generate several equivalent neurites, but then begin to polarize so that on ...
Myosin-Powered Membrane Compartment Drives Cytoplasmic
... for the streaming [20,21]. More recently, genetic approaches demonstrated that myosin XI-K is the principal driver of organelle trafficking in plant cells, with myosins XI-2, XI-1 and XI-I providing redundant contributions [22–27]. Moreover, simultaneous inactivation of these myosins in a quadruple ...
... for the streaming [20,21]. More recently, genetic approaches demonstrated that myosin XI-K is the principal driver of organelle trafficking in plant cells, with myosins XI-2, XI-1 and XI-I providing redundant contributions [22–27]. Moreover, simultaneous inactivation of these myosins in a quadruple ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
... buffer at pH 8 as to perinit conversion of the cell by lysozyme to osmotically fragile rods (Voss, 1964) or ‘osmoplasts’ (Asbell & Eagon, 1966a). In studies on Escherichia coli modified by treatment with EDTA and tris buffer, it was observed that such organisms may be killed by treatment with zwitte ...
... buffer at pH 8 as to perinit conversion of the cell by lysozyme to osmotically fragile rods (Voss, 1964) or ‘osmoplasts’ (Asbell & Eagon, 1966a). In studies on Escherichia coli modified by treatment with EDTA and tris buffer, it was observed that such organisms may be killed by treatment with zwitte ...
Dynamic Tubular Vacuoles Radiate Through the
... Fig. 1 Anthocyanin autofluorescence reveals vacuolar dynamics in inner epidermal cells. (A) Using cyan excitation (514 nm), anthocyanin autofluorescence (580–780 nm; anthocyanin, upper image) demonstrated vacuolar morphology. Non-fluorescent transvacuolar strands and aggregates of cytoplasm (asterisks) ...
... Fig. 1 Anthocyanin autofluorescence reveals vacuolar dynamics in inner epidermal cells. (A) Using cyan excitation (514 nm), anthocyanin autofluorescence (580–780 nm; anthocyanin, upper image) demonstrated vacuolar morphology. Non-fluorescent transvacuolar strands and aggregates of cytoplasm (asterisks) ...
A role for the Drosophila Bag-of-marbles protein in
... of the points of arrest have provided insight into when the affected gene products begin to act and what biochemical functions they might influence to regulate steps of a differentiation pathway. The Drosophila germ cell lineage The germ cell lineage of Drosophila (Spradling 1993a,b) is an attractiv ...
... of the points of arrest have provided insight into when the affected gene products begin to act and what biochemical functions they might influence to regulate steps of a differentiation pathway. The Drosophila germ cell lineage The germ cell lineage of Drosophila (Spradling 1993a,b) is an attractiv ...
- PlantingScience
... Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms (5-‐LS1.C) o Plants acquire their material for growth chiefly from air and water (5-‐LS1-‐1) Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems (5-‐ LS2 ...
... Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms (5-‐LS1.C) o Plants acquire their material for growth chiefly from air and water (5-‐LS1-‐1) Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems (5-‐ LS2 ...
Lim, K et al Science 2015
... is the most potent tissue-specific family of homing receptors for T cells and is subset-selective. Therefore, it is widely assumed that the distinct migratory properties and distribution patterns of different subsets of specialized T cells result from the differential expression of the chemokines an ...
... is the most potent tissue-specific family of homing receptors for T cells and is subset-selective. Therefore, it is widely assumed that the distinct migratory properties and distribution patterns of different subsets of specialized T cells result from the differential expression of the chemokines an ...
Degradation of the plant cell wall by nematodes
... Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in a matrix of complex polysaccharides, which are divided into two classes: pectins and hemicellulose. Hemicelluloses are cellulose binding polysaccharides that form a strong but resilient network together with the cellulose. More specifically, they are defined as ...
... Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in a matrix of complex polysaccharides, which are divided into two classes: pectins and hemicellulose. Hemicelluloses are cellulose binding polysaccharides that form a strong but resilient network together with the cellulose. More specifically, they are defined as ...
Maturation-promoting Factor Induces Nuclear Envelope Breakdown
... protein synthesis before m a t u r a t i o n is induced (23, 38). This latter point implies that M P F is acting later in the pathway to effect maturation in i m m a t u r e oocytes. The way in which M P F induces the meiotic cell cycle is unknown. M P F sets off a complex series o f events that cau ...
... protein synthesis before m a t u r a t i o n is induced (23, 38). This latter point implies that M P F is acting later in the pathway to effect maturation in i m m a t u r e oocytes. The way in which M P F induces the meiotic cell cycle is unknown. M P F sets off a complex series o f events that cau ...
Nucleolar localization of an isoform of the IGF
... this as an effect of the strength of the secretory signal peptide in competition with the nuclear and nucleolar localization signal(s). To exclude the possibility that the exon 2encoded signal peptide was directly involved in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, it was deleted from the constructi ...
... this as an effect of the strength of the secretory signal peptide in competition with the nuclear and nucleolar localization signal(s). To exclude the possibility that the exon 2encoded signal peptide was directly involved in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, it was deleted from the constructi ...
The impact of abiotic factors on cellulose synthesis
... Peaucelle et al., 2015), implying that cellulose may be directly or indirectly regulated by water availability. Under extreme osmotic stress, plasmolysis (the separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall) will necessarily disrupt cellulose synthesis. Mild osmotic or ionic stress caused rapid ...
... Peaucelle et al., 2015), implying that cellulose may be directly or indirectly regulated by water availability. Under extreme osmotic stress, plasmolysis (the separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall) will necessarily disrupt cellulose synthesis. Mild osmotic or ionic stress caused rapid ...
Understanding How Lipopolysaccharide Impacts CD4 T Cell Immunity
... can bias immune responses towards Th1. Culturing human T cells in LPS-free medium for 6 days, followed by non-specific stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin resulted in their production of both IFN-γ and IL-4.56 However, when the T cells were first cultured with Brucella abortus LPS and then stimulate ...
... can bias immune responses towards Th1. Culturing human T cells in LPS-free medium for 6 days, followed by non-specific stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin resulted in their production of both IFN-γ and IL-4.56 However, when the T cells were first cultured with Brucella abortus LPS and then stimulate ...
Plant Oligosaccharides – Outsiders among Elicitors?
... obtain 1 mg of partially purified oligosaccharide fractions from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.). Taking into account that oligosaccharins cause physiological effect at extremely low concentrations, it can be assumed that the local concentration of the specific compound can be quite sufficient for ...
... obtain 1 mg of partially purified oligosaccharide fractions from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.). Taking into account that oligosaccharins cause physiological effect at extremely low concentrations, it can be assumed that the local concentration of the specific compound can be quite sufficient for ...
Planta
... transgenic DR5::GUS Arabidopsis line, suggesting activation of basipetal auxin transport. Application of the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) restricted auxin accumulation to sites of synthesis thereby preventing GB03-mediated decreases in shoot auxin levels as well as thwar ...
... transgenic DR5::GUS Arabidopsis line, suggesting activation of basipetal auxin transport. Application of the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) restricted auxin accumulation to sites of synthesis thereby preventing GB03-mediated decreases in shoot auxin levels as well as thwar ...
Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh
... it (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). Once formed, these compounds are glycosylated and then are extruded within transport vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. These vesicles are the vehicle by which the phenolic compounds are transported to the vacuole or into the apoplast/cell wall c ...
... it (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). Once formed, these compounds are glycosylated and then are extruded within transport vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. These vesicles are the vehicle by which the phenolic compounds are transported to the vacuole or into the apoplast/cell wall c ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... processes: division, growth, and differentiation. Changes in cell division and cell growth processes or their control affect the growth and differentiation of the entire plant. Plants with altered cell division and growth often display abnormal morphology and alterations in organogenesis and interna ...
... processes: division, growth, and differentiation. Changes in cell division and cell growth processes or their control affect the growth and differentiation of the entire plant. Plants with altered cell division and growth often display abnormal morphology and alterations in organogenesis and interna ...
The nucleolus through the years
... Smetana: The nucleolus through the years exact location of structures containing DNA, RNA and certain proteins (Busch and Smetana 1970). It should be also mentioned that the hydrolysis with HCl in Feulgen procedure or before staining with basic dyes also remove RNA in examined specimens. The functi ...
... Smetana: The nucleolus through the years exact location of structures containing DNA, RNA and certain proteins (Busch and Smetana 1970). It should be also mentioned that the hydrolysis with HCl in Feulgen procedure or before staining with basic dyes also remove RNA in examined specimens. The functi ...
Retinal Ganglion Cells in Goldfish
... In this paper we describe the dendritic morphology of ganglion cells that have been retrogradely stained with HRP taken up by the cut optic nerve. This technique produces an extensive Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four type ...
... In this paper we describe the dendritic morphology of ganglion cells that have been retrogradely stained with HRP taken up by the cut optic nerve. This technique produces an extensive Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four type ...
********* 1 - Botanik in Bonn
... DIL domain before C-terminal is a signature element for class V and IX myosins. ...
... DIL domain before C-terminal is a signature element for class V and IX myosins. ...
Active gel physics
... most important new term compared to a passive system. In a situation where the total anisotropic stress can be maintained at zero by appropriate boundary conditions, this term generates a spontaneous shear at short times and a shear rate at long times (Box 1, equation (3)). The continuity equation d ...
... most important new term compared to a passive system. In a situation where the total anisotropic stress can be maintained at zero by appropriate boundary conditions, this term generates a spontaneous shear at short times and a shear rate at long times (Box 1, equation (3)). The continuity equation d ...
Cell cycle behavior of human HP1 subtypes: distinct
... Intracellular localization of YFP-fused HP1 subtypes We examined the localization of YFP-fusion constructs of human HP1 subtypes in HeLa cells. HeLa cells transiently expressing YFP-fused HP1 were fixed and observed under a fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two diff ...
... Intracellular localization of YFP-fused HP1 subtypes We examined the localization of YFP-fusion constructs of human HP1 subtypes in HeLa cells. HeLa cells transiently expressing YFP-fused HP1 were fixed and observed under a fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two diff ...
copyrighted material - Edinburgh Cell Wall Group
... 1.2 The classic primary cell walls of dicots For many years, rapidly growing and dividing suspension-cultured cells of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were the paradigm for primary cell wall studies. They do, however, have certain unusual features, e.g. an exaggerated extensin content (∼20% of the dr ...
... 1.2 The classic primary cell walls of dicots For many years, rapidly growing and dividing suspension-cultured cells of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were the paradigm for primary cell wall studies. They do, however, have certain unusual features, e.g. an exaggerated extensin content (∼20% of the dr ...