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PPT - Altogen Biosystems
PPT - Altogen Biosystems

... Altogen Biosystems offers the MG-63 Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The MG-63 Transfection Reagent is an advanced formulation of a lipid based reagent, and it has been developed to provide high transfection efficiency with the MG-63 cell line. ...
Synthesis and sorting of proteoglycans
Synthesis and sorting of proteoglycans

... important roles in control of growth and differentiation. Particular sulphation patterns in the GAG chains allow interactions, normally of ionic nature, with growth factors, for example. Recent studies have identified ~30 PG protein cores. These cores are not just scaffolds for GAGs: they contain do ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT

... cells were isolated from the inner cell mass of explanted blastocysts. The three lines were derived from embryos of the same female, and the absence of UTX in the two mutant cell lines was confirmed by Western blot. To determine whether UTX plays a role in maintaining the activity of key pluripotency ...
MERCURY-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY: GENETICS AND IMMUNOREGULATION Doctorial Thesis from the Department of Immunology
MERCURY-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY: GENETICS AND IMMUNOREGULATION Doctorial Thesis from the Department of Immunology

... In the thymus, developing T cells go through positive and negative selection events before they are permitted to enter the periphery. These events form the basis for the self non-self discrimination of the immune system and are collectively recognized as central tolerance. During positive selection, ...
Review Article Expression and Function of the Endocannabinoid
Review Article Expression and Function of the Endocannabinoid

Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde
Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde

... as topoisomerase II inhibitor. However, previous work has shown that doxorubicin can be activated to form DNA adducts in the presence of formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs and that this leads to apoptosis independently of topoisomerase II – mediated damage. To determine which anthracyclines would be us ...
Anion homeostasis is important for non
Anion homeostasis is important for non

dependent endoderm cell fate specification - EvoDevo
dependent endoderm cell fate specification - EvoDevo

The Submicroscopic Structure of the Drosophila Egg
The Submicroscopic Structure of the Drosophila Egg

... King & Devine (1959), which seem rather likely to be artifacts produced by their method of fixation which employed a saline fixative instead of sucrose solution. The number of mitochondria per cell increases greatly during the growth of the nurse cells and oocyte. The mechanism of this increase is o ...
Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals
Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals

... obtained from the maximum pairwise distance (​D​max)​ and the radius of gyration (​R​g,​ Fig. 3c​), decreased to almost half between S2 and late embryonic cells, with early embryonic cells adopting intermediate values (​Fig. 3b​). The number of foci imaged in S2 cells was consistent with a very low ...
Tissue or cell-specific promoters
Tissue or cell-specific promoters

... Tissue or cell-specific promoters Tissue or cell-specific promoters allow: The expression of genes of interest into targeted organs or tissues such as liver, brain, lung... The discrimination or selection of a population of cells within a tissue using fluorescent proteins (i.e. oligodendrocytes vs n ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of

... to regulate the spatial distribution of its components in time. The spatial boundary created by the cell plasma membrane and typical cell volume of picoliters reduce the meaning of the molar concentration of a specific molecule; so it is important to consider the finiteness of its numbers, unlike in ...
Progression Liver Modulates Severe Malaria Disease in the
Progression Liver Modulates Severe Malaria Disease in the

... a Plasmodium-specific apicoplast protein (17). However, unlike vaccine-like sterilizing immunity induced by attenuated strains, few studies have examined very early cellular immune responses associated with parasite attenuation and their roles in protection from cerebral pathology. One study demonst ...
Journal of Cell Science • Advance article Rop, the
Journal of Cell Science • Advance article Rop, the

... Golgi, endosomal, and other vesicle trafficking components disrupts furrow ingression or abscission, showing vesicle transport is essential at multiple steps of cytokinesis (Albertson et al., 2005; McKay and Burgess, 2011). In addition to general membrane, vesicle transport may deliver RhoGEF and ot ...
Functional interaction between a novel protein phosphatase 2A
Functional interaction between a novel protein phosphatase 2A

... The notion that PP2A plays a role in cell cycle regulation is supported by several observations. First, okadaic acid, a strong inhibitor of PP2A, is a tumor promoting agent (Mumby and Walter, 1993). Furthermore, PP2A is a target of transforming proteins of several DNA tumor viruses (Sontag et al., 1 ...
Cell Fate Specification in the C. elegans Embryo
Cell Fate Specification in the C. elegans Embryo

... and tissues. When a cell has been specified for a particular fate, it is capable of generating those tissues if cultured away from the remainder of the embryo (Wolpert et al., 2007). As all embryonic cells are derived from the zygote by mitosis, cells must acquire differences in gene expression over ...
Changes in the Nephridial Structure and Excretory
Changes in the Nephridial Structure and Excretory

... seems to depend upon the amount of metabolic water available in surrounding environment. Since the leeches are purinostatic (Needham 1970) the excreted ammonia must come almost entirely from amino acid. Arginine synthetase could not be detected in either tissue. It has been suggested that the hirudi ...
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.

... the events that result from these patterns potentiates innate immune signaling. Pattern I: Growth With the exception of a very small subset of toxin-producing organisms, the most common pattern associated with pathogens is their ability to grow in their hosts upon invasion. It should be beneficial f ...
File - THE ISLAM SHOW
File - THE ISLAM SHOW

... throughout the city, delivering letters to the right addresses, so do hormones carry commands from the brain to the relevant cells. In this way, the functions required for human life are activated within the body. But here we must be reminded that hormones are not human beings who possess the consci ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Whereby the Apical Ectodermal
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Whereby the Apical Ectodermal

... process of making an ordered form. There are many facets of developmental biology; some focusing on cellular mechanisms and behavior with others focusing on organogenesis and the development of entire systems. The ultimate question underlying the study of development is how are structures of various ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research

... Rationale: Mitochondria, although required for cellular ATP production, are also known to have other important ...
New Phytologist
New Phytologist

... (Acebes-Ginovés et al., 1991), and strain BGA-1 from nodules of Teline stenopetala (Webb & Berth) Webb & Berth. var. stenopetala (León-Barrios et al., 1991). Inocula were prepared by growing bacterial cultures to late exponential phase in shaken flasks containing yeast mannitol broth at 28°C. In ord ...
Leading to a Mild Immunodeficiency Activator trans
Leading to a Mild Immunodeficiency Activator trans

... (CIITA), regulatory factor binding to the X box (RFX)-associated protein; RFX protein containing ankyrin repeats, and RFX5. In humans, defects in these genes result in MHC class II expression deficiency and cause combined immunodeficiency. Most patients with this deficiency suffer from severe recurr ...
Identification of genes controlling germ cell migration and embryonic
Identification of genes controlling germ cell migration and embryonic

... migrate through the PMG wall, moving along its basal surface to the dorsal side of the embryo (Fig. 1C). From this position, they move toward lateral mesodermal cells in parasegments 1113 (PS11-13, Fig. 1D,E). As the germ band retracts, PGCs associate and align with mesodermal cells in PS10-12 that ...
Research Article Ammonium-Dependent Shortening of CLS in Yeast
Research Article Ammonium-Dependent Shortening of CLS in Yeast

... Figure 1: Ammonium-induced cell death during yeast aging in water is dependent on the specific auxotrophy-complementing amino acid deprived from the starvation medium. Survival of wild-type S. cerevisiae (BY4742) cells, nonstarved or starved for leucine, histidine, or lysine, in different combinatio ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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