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Cell surface monoamine oxidases: enzymes in search of a function
Cell surface monoamine oxidases: enzymes in search of a function

... human genome, and they all cluster in the long arm of chromosome 17. The mouse and rat homologues of human VAP-1 have also been cloned (Morris et al., 1997; Bono et al., 1998a,b; Moldes et al., 1999). In addition, the sequences of human and rat amiloride binding proteins (Lingueglia et al., 1993) ar ...
Cells and Kingdoms
Cells and Kingdoms

... A unicellular (ew•nuh•SEL•yuh•luhr), or one-celled, organism is made of a single cell that carries out its life processes. Life processes include growing, responding to an environment, reproducing, and getting food. Multicellular (mul•ti•SEL•yuh•luhr), or many-celled, organisms are made of more than ...
Nitrogen gas flushing can be bactericidal: the temperature
Nitrogen gas flushing can be bactericidal: the temperature

... We recently explored the possibility of flushing pasteurized milk following the pasteurization step and observed that bacterial growth was inhibited up to 35 days at 6◦ C, when the treatment was applied shortly after pasteurization; Bacillus weihenstephanensis was frequently isolated from controls o ...
- UCL Discovery
- UCL Discovery

... clear that lysosomal fusion is not the only possible fate for MVBs. In pigmented cells MVBs can mature into melanosomes (Raposo et al., 2001) and in some cell types MVBs can fuse with the cell surface, releasing the ILVs into the extracellular space as exosomes (van Niel et al., 2006). The relations ...
Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the Substances
Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the Substances

... P2-No energy is produced P3-Contractile vacuole will not work/pump P4-Excess water cannot be expelled ...
Regulation of Potassium Transport in Leaves: from Molecular to
Regulation of Potassium Transport in Leaves: from Molecular to

chromosomes
chromosomes

...  During prometaphase, some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes  Kinetochores are protein complexes that assemble on sections of DNA at centromeres  At metaphase, the centromeres of all the chromosomes are at the metaphase plate, an ima ...
The role of T cells in Osteoporosis - International Journal of Clinical
The role of T cells in Osteoporosis - International Journal of Clinical

... multinucleated OCs [7, 8]. These two factors must be kept in balance to maintain skeletal integrity and calcium metabolism. The most common problem with this balancing act occurs when the rate of resorption exceeds the rate of mineral deposition, resulting in bone loss, such as that seen with osteop ...
Cell Structure Jepordy
Cell Structure Jepordy

... • First hand up gets to select a category. • You then get to answer the questions until you get them wrong. • If you get it wrong the fastest had up will get to answer the question. To take the point. • You have 5 seconds to answer the question. ...
Cell shrinkage and apoptosis: a role for potassium and sodium ion
Cell shrinkage and apoptosis: a role for potassium and sodium ion

... alterations in the membrane fluidity and permeability during apoptosis were determined. As in previous reports (Lennon et al, 1991; Martin and Cotter, 1991), when exponentially growing HL-60 cell cultures were exposed to cytotoxic agents or UV irradiation virtually all cells undergo apoptosis, displ ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Basal body (structurally identical to centriole) ...
T Cell Proliferation Induced by Autologous Non
T Cell Proliferation Induced by Autologous Non

... medium containing 10% autologous heat-inactivated human serum in round-bottom 96-well microtiter plates. [3H]Thymidine (1 ␮Ci/well) was added to each microwell at day 5. After 16 h, cells were harvested, and DNA-associated radioactivity was counted by liquid scintillation (MicroBeta TRILUX; Wallac, ...
Identification of seven new cut genes involved in
Identification of seven new cut genes involved in

... (Baum et al., 1988). The cut7+ gene was isolated by transformation and its predicted product has an amino acid sequence similar to that of the microtubule-dependent motor, kinesin (Hagan and Yanagida, 1990). cut7 mutants are defective in spindle formation, probably caused during the process of inter ...
Study Material - Class- XI - Biology
Study Material - Class- XI - Biology

... -Organism viz. Planaria reproduce by regeneration in which a fragment of body forms whole organism. -Fungi, filamentous algae, protonema of moss reproduce by fragmentation also. -In unicellular organisms growth & reproduction are synonymous. - Certain organisms do not reproduce viz. mule,worker bees ...
Report into the death of Prisoner D 2016
Report into the death of Prisoner D 2016

... in the cell and I assumed that he was in the shower. In my experience I have seen prisoners taking showers at unusual times of the night. I proceeded to the watch tower button and pressed it. I looked back into the cell and I still saw steam. I continued with my guard tour and checked other prisone ...
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana

... The 1656-bp fragment isolated from a tobacco cell-suspension cDNA library has been identified as a cyclin cDNA with respect to its sequence similarity with other yeast, animal, and plant cyclins yet characterized. This cDNA sequence, named NTCYCl, contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of ...
6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during
6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during

... ones is not clear. For some icosahedral viruses, viral particles may transit through MP-induced tubules that go through PDs for their delivery into non-infected cells (van Lent et al., 1991; Pouwels et al., 2003; Amari et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2012). In the case of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a fi ...
The Hydra polyp: Nothing but an active stem cell community
The Hydra polyp: Nothing but an active stem cell community

... within two days (Gierer et al. 1972). In undisturbed animals, growth of tissue occurs uniformly throughout the body column (Campbell, 1967; David & Campbell 1972). Individual animals however, do not increase in size since growth is just balanced by loss of tissue in the form of buds in the lower gas ...
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.

... sembly. At the permissive temperature actl-1 cells form only faint cables, difficult to record photographically, and bright patches appear on both mother and bud (Figure 2A). Often there is a concentration of patches at the neck of the bud. Permissively grown actl-2 cells exhibit a different phenoty ...
Study Material - Class- XI- Biology
Study Material - Class- XI- Biology

... -Organism viz. Planaria reproduce by regeneration in which a fragment of body forms whole organism. -Fungi, filamentous algae, protonema of moss reproduce by fragmentation also. -In unicellular organisms growth & reproduction are synonymous. - Certain organisms do not reproduce viz. mule,worker bees ...
Coordinate expression of matrix-degrading proteinases and their
Coordinate expression of matrix-degrading proteinases and their

... sons et al., 1997). The MMP gene expression also is regulated and is influenced by multiple cytokines and growth factors (Emonard and Grimaud, 1990; Ries and Petrides, 1995). The role of gene expression in regulation of the alternative zymogen activation cascades is less clear, but a few published r ...
A family of abundant plasma membrane
A family of abundant plasma membrane

... Bound antibody was visualized with a 2,000× dilution of the rabbit horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rat lg antiserum described for immunoblotting, but for ELISA tetramethylbenzidine was used in the developing solution. In certain instances the immobilized membranes were treated before addition ...
The role of fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development
The role of fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development

... Grunz and Tacke (1986) showed that the signals could pass through a nucleopore filter in the absense of cell processes, and Warner and Gurdon (1987) showed that the signals could pass from vegetal to animal cells even when gap junction communication had been blocked. These biological experiments gre ...
lecture 8 ppt
lecture 8 ppt

... Lecture 8 Outline (Ch. 35) ...
The Physiology of the Distal Tubules and Collecting Ducts
The Physiology of the Distal Tubules and Collecting Ducts

... The major role of aldosterone is to increase extracellular volume in response to volume depletion signaled by the renin-angiotensin system. Aldosterone plays an role in K+ homeostasis: – High extracellular K+ stimulates aldosterone secretion – K+ secretion is linked to aldosterone-regulated Na+ reab ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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