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Summer 2012
... analytical application of a bioluminescent reporter for DNA hybridization. Anal Chem 74: 437885. 3. Markova SV. et al., 2004. Cloning and expression of cDNA for a luciferase from the marine copepod Metridia longa. A novel secreted bioluminescent reporter enzyme. J Biol Chem 279: 3212-17. 4. Takenaka ...
... analytical application of a bioluminescent reporter for DNA hybridization. Anal Chem 74: 437885. 3. Markova SV. et al., 2004. Cloning and expression of cDNA for a luciferase from the marine copepod Metridia longa. A novel secreted bioluminescent reporter enzyme. J Biol Chem 279: 3212-17. 4. Takenaka ...
Microalgae Synthesize Hydrocarbons from Long
... variabilis NC64A. The solvent extracts of the saponification mixtures were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chromatograms of C. variabilis and C. reinhardtii extracts showed a peak at 14.3 min in the region of long-chain hydrocarbons (Fig. 1A). This peak displa ...
... variabilis NC64A. The solvent extracts of the saponification mixtures were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chromatograms of C. variabilis and C. reinhardtii extracts showed a peak at 14.3 min in the region of long-chain hydrocarbons (Fig. 1A). This peak displa ...
Respiratory System
... “flame cells”. Clara cells secrete some but not all of the protein components of surfactant. Only the alveolar type II cells can secrete all the constituents of surfactant (lipids as well as proteins). Clara cells also secrete Clara cell protein (CC16) into the airway. This substance is used as a pu ...
... “flame cells”. Clara cells secrete some but not all of the protein components of surfactant. Only the alveolar type II cells can secrete all the constituents of surfactant (lipids as well as proteins). Clara cells also secrete Clara cell protein (CC16) into the airway. This substance is used as a pu ...
The F8H Glycosyltransferase is a Functional Paralog of FRA8
... that catalyzes the transfer of glucuronic acid onto rhamnogalacturonan II (Iwai et al. 2002). At5g22940 is the closest homolog of FRA8, and its deduced amino acid sequence shares 69% similarity and 59% identity with FRA8 (Fig. 1A); therefore, we designated it as F8H. To examine the expression patter ...
... that catalyzes the transfer of glucuronic acid onto rhamnogalacturonan II (Iwai et al. 2002). At5g22940 is the closest homolog of FRA8, and its deduced amino acid sequence shares 69% similarity and 59% identity with FRA8 (Fig. 1A); therefore, we designated it as F8H. To examine the expression patter ...
Lymphoma Vaccines for Active Immunotherapy of T Cell Are More
... The ability to target multiple tumor Ags may increase the magnitude and diversity of anti-tumor responses, thus preventing tumor from escaping responses limited in repertoire (30). Loading DC with proteins from tumor cell lysates may result in the presentation of a broader array of tumor-specific Ag ...
... The ability to target multiple tumor Ags may increase the magnitude and diversity of anti-tumor responses, thus preventing tumor from escaping responses limited in repertoire (30). Loading DC with proteins from tumor cell lysates may result in the presentation of a broader array of tumor-specific Ag ...
Targeting of P-Selectin to Two Regulated Secretory Organelles in
... organelles (RSOs) varies with cell type (35). Some proteins are found in the membranes of both organelles, reflecting the common requirements of exocytotic machinery (5, 36). This raises the question of how such a biorganellar distribution is attained. The itinerary of such proteins must be complex, ...
... organelles (RSOs) varies with cell type (35). Some proteins are found in the membranes of both organelles, reflecting the common requirements of exocytotic machinery (5, 36). This raises the question of how such a biorganellar distribution is attained. The itinerary of such proteins must be complex, ...
interaction between tumor and immune system: the role of tumor cell
... recent data have shown that DNAМ-1 plays a central role in control of recognition of metastazing cells, and is responsible for the response to immunotherapy with the use of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-22 [5]. Such role of DNAМ-1 is determined by its participation in realization of activating signals received ...
... recent data have shown that DNAМ-1 plays a central role in control of recognition of metastazing cells, and is responsible for the response to immunotherapy with the use of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-22 [5]. Such role of DNAМ-1 is determined by its participation in realization of activating signals received ...
MitoToxTM Mitochondrial toxicity application guide
... can identify the pathway affected to further investigate the role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis. Most investigators will require data from more than one of the screening assays in order to make an informed decision about how to proceed with a potential drug. ...
... can identify the pathway affected to further investigate the role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis. Most investigators will require data from more than one of the screening assays in order to make an informed decision about how to proceed with a potential drug. ...
10 m
... During prometaphase, some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes Kinetochores are protein complexes that assemble on sections of DNA at centromeres At metaphase, the centromeres of all the chromosomes are at the metaphase plate, an ima ...
... During prometaphase, some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes Kinetochores are protein complexes that assemble on sections of DNA at centromeres At metaphase, the centromeres of all the chromosomes are at the metaphase plate, an ima ...
A Family of Abundant Plasma Membrane
... grown in continuous light at 25°C in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g 1-1 sucrose and 1 nag 1-1 2,4-diehloropbenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) suspension culture 68.3 (kindly supplied by De Danske Sukkerfabrikker, Copenhagen, Denmark) was grown in PGoB medium (de ...
... grown in continuous light at 25°C in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g 1-1 sucrose and 1 nag 1-1 2,4-diehloropbenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) suspension culture 68.3 (kindly supplied by De Danske Sukkerfabrikker, Copenhagen, Denmark) was grown in PGoB medium (de ...
Atomic Force Microscopy in Cancer Cell Research
... and ideally to do this for cells from three different sources. This results in 1,000 to 15,000 measurements. Obviously, this is impractical to do without automation. Moreover, it is impossible to determine the Young’s modulus of the sample (a measure of its stiffness, or, alternatively, its elastici ...
... and ideally to do this for cells from three different sources. This results in 1,000 to 15,000 measurements. Obviously, this is impractical to do without automation. Moreover, it is impossible to determine the Young’s modulus of the sample (a measure of its stiffness, or, alternatively, its elastici ...
Amino acids substitutions in σ1 and μ1 outer capsid proteins of a
... present study, that are inefficient in their ability to uncoat the virus (Golden et al., 2002). During uncoating, the σ3 protein is ...
... present study, that are inefficient in their ability to uncoat the virus (Golden et al., 2002). During uncoating, the σ3 protein is ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... Furthermore, it was shown that the activities of the PM H+ATPase and anion channels were involved in the auxin-induced electrical responses (Lohse and Hedrich 1992, Zimmermann et al. 1994). Osmotic and electrical relationships in plants are closely linked by the ion transporters in the plasma membra ...
... Furthermore, it was shown that the activities of the PM H+ATPase and anion channels were involved in the auxin-induced electrical responses (Lohse and Hedrich 1992, Zimmermann et al. 1994). Osmotic and electrical relationships in plants are closely linked by the ion transporters in the plasma membra ...
Translocation and Clustering of Endosomes and
... carried out according to either of two different protocols. (a) Cells were fixed in 3 % paraformaldehyde/0.02 % glntaraldehyde in PBS and permeabilized in methanol at -20~ as described (32). Lysosomes and microtubules were labeled using rabbit antibodies against a 120K iysosomal membrane glycoprotei ...
... carried out according to either of two different protocols. (a) Cells were fixed in 3 % paraformaldehyde/0.02 % glntaraldehyde in PBS and permeabilized in methanol at -20~ as described (32). Lysosomes and microtubules were labeled using rabbit antibodies against a 120K iysosomal membrane glycoprotei ...
Attachment to and biofilm formation on abiotic
... which serve to fortify and maintain the structure of the biofilm. It is not well understood whether these steps and cell components are involved in the apparent ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. Furthermore, the mechanism by which this bacterium forms biofilms may pose a ...
... which serve to fortify and maintain the structure of the biofilm. It is not well understood whether these steps and cell components are involved in the apparent ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. Furthermore, the mechanism by which this bacterium forms biofilms may pose a ...
necessary amino acids and vitamins
... whereas phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, valine, leucine and isoleucine inhibited growth or decreased longevity. During the course of the above experiments it was observed that glutathione or cystathionine could support growth of human fibroblasts without the addition of any amino acids. The e ...
... whereas phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, valine, leucine and isoleucine inhibited growth or decreased longevity. During the course of the above experiments it was observed that glutathione or cystathionine could support growth of human fibroblasts without the addition of any amino acids. The e ...
Rewiring the retinal ganglion cell gene regulatory
... determine the effects of replacing Math5 with Neurod1 or Math3, we used targeting constructs to target embryonic stem (ES) cells in which we removed the entire Math5 sequence and replaced it with either a Neurod1 or a Math3 sequence (Fig. 1B). Germline mice containing Math5Neurod1-KI or Math5Math3-K ...
... determine the effects of replacing Math5 with Neurod1 or Math3, we used targeting constructs to target embryonic stem (ES) cells in which we removed the entire Math5 sequence and replaced it with either a Neurod1 or a Math3 sequence (Fig. 1B). Germline mice containing Math5Neurod1-KI or Math5Math3-K ...
Dissociation of Centrosome Replication Events from Cycles of DNA
... centrosome replication that have been detected in embryonic cells after various experimental treatments most likely occurred by recruitment of precursor components from the preexisting cytoplasmic pools of proteins in eggs. It seems unlikely that cycling somatic cells have large amounts of stored pr ...
... centrosome replication that have been detected in embryonic cells after various experimental treatments most likely occurred by recruitment of precursor components from the preexisting cytoplasmic pools of proteins in eggs. It seems unlikely that cycling somatic cells have large amounts of stored pr ...
The Myriad Roles of Anillin during Cytokinesis Alisa J. Piekny1 and
... in metazoan cells, what is its role? One of Anillin’s key functions is to “organize” myosin. Drosophila Anillin is required for the organization of myosin into discrete, intact rings throughout the cellularization front ([8]; Fig. 1). Depletion of Drosophila or human Anillin from cultured cells pert ...
... in metazoan cells, what is its role? One of Anillin’s key functions is to “organize” myosin. Drosophila Anillin is required for the organization of myosin into discrete, intact rings throughout the cellularization front ([8]; Fig. 1). Depletion of Drosophila or human Anillin from cultured cells pert ...
Gap junctions between optic nerve head astrocytes.
... by similar structures.4 The functions of gap junctions have been discussed extensively." First, it seems likely that they hold adjacent cells together. Even under severe osmotic forces, gap junctions remain intact,1 suggesting that they have considerable adhesive strength. In the nerve head, this wo ...
... by similar structures.4 The functions of gap junctions have been discussed extensively." First, it seems likely that they hold adjacent cells together. Even under severe osmotic forces, gap junctions remain intact,1 suggesting that they have considerable adhesive strength. In the nerve head, this wo ...
13 Microorganisms: Prokaryotes and Viruses
... Archaea are now known to live just about everywhere on Earth. They are particularly numerous in the ocean. Archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant types of organisms on the planet. Archaea are also thought to play important roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. For these reasons, Arch ...
... Archaea are now known to live just about everywhere on Earth. They are particularly numerous in the ocean. Archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant types of organisms on the planet. Archaea are also thought to play important roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. For these reasons, Arch ...
In vitro–expanded human CD4 CD25 T-regulatory
... They are generated both through central thymic developmental mechanisms in pathogen-free mice12 and also arise by poorly defined peripheral generation or expansion mechanisms.13-15 It has been demonstrated that after antigen-specific activation, Treg cells can nonspecifically suppress proliferation ...
... They are generated both through central thymic developmental mechanisms in pathogen-free mice12 and also arise by poorly defined peripheral generation or expansion mechanisms.13-15 It has been demonstrated that after antigen-specific activation, Treg cells can nonspecifically suppress proliferation ...
Cell surface monoamine oxidases: enzymes in search of a function
... human genome, and they all cluster in the long arm of chromosome 17. The mouse and rat homologues of human VAP-1 have also been cloned (Morris et al., 1997; Bono et al., 1998a,b; Moldes et al., 1999). In addition, the sequences of human and rat amiloride binding proteins (Lingueglia et al., 1993) ar ...
... human genome, and they all cluster in the long arm of chromosome 17. The mouse and rat homologues of human VAP-1 have also been cloned (Morris et al., 1997; Bono et al., 1998a,b; Moldes et al., 1999). In addition, the sequences of human and rat amiloride binding proteins (Lingueglia et al., 1993) ar ...
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for
... assembly of new FtsZ rings and cell division. A. The frequency of FtsZ ring staining between 0 and 10 h after ParB depletion. Multiple fields of each time-point were counted. At time 0 h, 38% of cells possess FtsZ rings (total of 382 cells counted). After 2 and 4 h, 52% and 43% of cells possessed ri ...
... assembly of new FtsZ rings and cell division. A. The frequency of FtsZ ring staining between 0 and 10 h after ParB depletion. Multiple fields of each time-point were counted. At time 0 h, 38% of cells possess FtsZ rings (total of 382 cells counted). After 2 and 4 h, 52% and 43% of cells possessed ri ...
Ch. 47 Lecture Notes - Mrs. Perry`s Biology
... • The frog is used as a model for organogenesis • Early in vertebrate organogenesis, the notochord forms from mesoderm, and the neural plate forms from ectoderm • The neural plate soon curves inward, forming the neural tube – becomes the central nervous system Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc ...
... • The frog is used as a model for organogenesis • Early in vertebrate organogenesis, the notochord forms from mesoderm, and the neural plate forms from ectoderm • The neural plate soon curves inward, forming the neural tube – becomes the central nervous system Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.