Cloning of cDNA Encoding NtEPc, a Marker Protein for the
... in cultured anthers have been observed in detail in D. innoxia and Nicotiana tabacum using the original method for inducing pollen embryogenesis (Sunderland and Dunwell 1977). However, the induction mechanism of this phenomenon is poorly understood, probably because anther culture is not suitable fo ...
... in cultured anthers have been observed in detail in D. innoxia and Nicotiana tabacum using the original method for inducing pollen embryogenesis (Sunderland and Dunwell 1977). However, the induction mechanism of this phenomenon is poorly understood, probably because anther culture is not suitable fo ...
Apoptotic cell removal
... [32,33]. Alterations to surface charge on apoptotic cells were also attributed to carbohydrate moieties [32,34] although specific sugars on the apoptotic cell surface were not identified in either of these studies. On the other hand there is some evidence for increased expression of mannose on apopt ...
... [32,33]. Alterations to surface charge on apoptotic cells were also attributed to carbohydrate moieties [32,34] although specific sugars on the apoptotic cell surface were not identified in either of these studies. On the other hand there is some evidence for increased expression of mannose on apopt ...
Factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C Transformation
... mice, Em–Spi-C transgenic stud males were bred with PUB females to generate Em–Spi-C+ Sfpi1+/2 Spib+/2 mice, which were back-crossed to PUB mice to generate Em–Spi-C+ PUB mice. Mice were generated for the experiments described in this paper by continuous pair mating of Em– Spi-C+ PUB males with PUB ...
... mice, Em–Spi-C transgenic stud males were bred with PUB females to generate Em–Spi-C+ Sfpi1+/2 Spib+/2 mice, which were back-crossed to PUB mice to generate Em–Spi-C+ PUB mice. Mice were generated for the experiments described in this paper by continuous pair mating of Em– Spi-C+ PUB males with PUB ...
Anillin, a Contractile Ring Protein That Cycles from the Nucleus to
... in addition to the 6xhistidine tag. Vectors were transformed into either competent DH5 cells (GST fusion) or M15 (pREP4) cells (6xHis), and these cells were used to produce the desired fusion proteins as per the manufacturer's instructions. The GST and 6xHis fusion proteins were purified on glutathi ...
... in addition to the 6xhistidine tag. Vectors were transformed into either competent DH5 cells (GST fusion) or M15 (pREP4) cells (6xHis), and these cells were used to produce the desired fusion proteins as per the manufacturer's instructions. The GST and 6xHis fusion proteins were purified on glutathi ...
Staining and Bacterial Cell Morphology
... have a positively charged chromophore and high affinity for negatively charged cellular components. Since bacteria carry a net negative charge at pH 7, such dyes can be used to stain the cells directly. Some examples of cationic dyes are crystal violet, safranin, methylene blue and basic fuchsin. Th ...
... have a positively charged chromophore and high affinity for negatively charged cellular components. Since bacteria carry a net negative charge at pH 7, such dyes can be used to stain the cells directly. Some examples of cationic dyes are crystal violet, safranin, methylene blue and basic fuchsin. Th ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
Two-photon laser scanning microscopy imaging of intact spinal cord and
... to additional inflammatory artifacts such as acute neutrophil recruitment (Kim and Dustin, 2006). These shortcomings of the existing methods prompted us to devise a method for microscopy of the living mouse spinal cord that does not require laminectomy, but leaves the dura fully intact by taking adva ...
... to additional inflammatory artifacts such as acute neutrophil recruitment (Kim and Dustin, 2006). These shortcomings of the existing methods prompted us to devise a method for microscopy of the living mouse spinal cord that does not require laminectomy, but leaves the dura fully intact by taking adva ...
γ-Tubulin Is Essential for Microtubule Organization and
... the sides of extant microtubules, resulting in branched structures (Murata et al., 2005). They also showed that g-tubulin is required for this process. Although, in such a cell-free system many parameters (e.g., local tubulin concentrations) may differ markedly from in vivo conditions, these results ...
... the sides of extant microtubules, resulting in branched structures (Murata et al., 2005). They also showed that g-tubulin is required for this process. Although, in such a cell-free system many parameters (e.g., local tubulin concentrations) may differ markedly from in vivo conditions, these results ...
Epigenetic Control of Cell Division and Cell Differentiation in the
... “epigenesis” and “genetics”. In current parlance, epigenetics is defined as the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence (Riggs et al., 1996). In this paper, we highlight the key events that play a significant role i ...
... “epigenesis” and “genetics”. In current parlance, epigenetics is defined as the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence (Riggs et al., 1996). In this paper, we highlight the key events that play a significant role i ...
Strategies of actin reorganisation in plant cells
... date. The actin-binding domain of mouse talin (Tn) (Kost et al., 1998) allowed the observation of fine actin organisation in all plant tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al. ...
... date. The actin-binding domain of mouse talin (Tn) (Kost et al., 1998) allowed the observation of fine actin organisation in all plant tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al. ...
Clinical Implications of Intestinal Stem Cell Markers in Colorectal
... LGR5 expression in primary tumors from CRC patients and correlations to clinicopathologic features, such as histologic grade, depth of invasion, tumor differentiation, and histologic subtype, are contradictory.17,31,32,36,37 One study found a lower expression of LGR5 in MMR deficient tumors compared ...
... LGR5 expression in primary tumors from CRC patients and correlations to clinicopathologic features, such as histologic grade, depth of invasion, tumor differentiation, and histologic subtype, are contradictory.17,31,32,36,37 One study found a lower expression of LGR5 in MMR deficient tumors compared ...
Introduction to Physiology: The Human Body Organization of the Body
... Other integral proteins acts as receptors for water soluble chemicals • Interaction of the cell surface bound receptor with specific ligands cause the protein to undergo a conformation change that enzymatically activates an intracellular portion of the protein • Second messengers in the cytoplasm ...
... Other integral proteins acts as receptors for water soluble chemicals • Interaction of the cell surface bound receptor with specific ligands cause the protein to undergo a conformation change that enzymatically activates an intracellular portion of the protein • Second messengers in the cytoplasm ...
Meiosis II
... Normal human body cells each contain 46 chromosomes. The cell division process that body cells undergo is called mitosis and produces daughter cells that are virtually identical to the parent cell. Working with a partner, discuss and answer the questions that follow. ...
... Normal human body cells each contain 46 chromosomes. The cell division process that body cells undergo is called mitosis and produces daughter cells that are virtually identical to the parent cell. Working with a partner, discuss and answer the questions that follow. ...
Identification of a New Protein Localized at Sites of Cell
... double-labeled for indirect immunofluorescence with rhodamine-phalloidin and the F396 serum. Some prominent stress fibers were evident by phase-contrast optics (Fig. 2 A), and the actin content of these phase-dense filaments was confirmed by the rhodamine-phalloidin staining (Fig. 2 B). The F396 ant ...
... double-labeled for indirect immunofluorescence with rhodamine-phalloidin and the F396 serum. Some prominent stress fibers were evident by phase-contrast optics (Fig. 2 A), and the actin content of these phase-dense filaments was confirmed by the rhodamine-phalloidin staining (Fig. 2 B). The F396 ant ...
Boya
... cocci in pairs, chains (arrows), and clusters (arrowhead). It is often possible to diff entiate streptococci (chains) from staphylococci (clusters). When they are seen tog however, it is best to remain non-committal, reporting only gram-positive cocci. Bot genera may be present, but it is particular ...
... cocci in pairs, chains (arrows), and clusters (arrowhead). It is often possible to diff entiate streptococci (chains) from staphylococci (clusters). When they are seen tog however, it is best to remain non-committal, reporting only gram-positive cocci. Bot genera may be present, but it is particular ...
Growth rate regulation of lac operon expression in Escherichia coli
... The lac operon has been considered as the model for understanding the molecular biology of gene expression and its regulation. Transcription of the lac operon is regulated by the lac repressor and the CRP [16]. Early studies showed that glucose could repress the transcription of the lac operon by lo ...
... The lac operon has been considered as the model for understanding the molecular biology of gene expression and its regulation. Transcription of the lac operon is regulated by the lac repressor and the CRP [16]. Early studies showed that glucose could repress the transcription of the lac operon by lo ...
Free-living Amoebae May Serve as Hosts for the Chlamydia
... so far appears to be V. ovis. This host exhibited high intracellular bacterial numbers and infected cells maintained their ability to differentiate into cysts. Many protozoa are not very selective with respect to the uptake of bacteria (Görtz and Michel 2003). In evolutionary time frames this behavi ...
... so far appears to be V. ovis. This host exhibited high intracellular bacterial numbers and infected cells maintained their ability to differentiate into cysts. Many protozoa are not very selective with respect to the uptake of bacteria (Görtz and Michel 2003). In evolutionary time frames this behavi ...
Disruption of a Dynamin Homologue Affects Endocytosis, Organelle
... function of dynamins, particularly in regard to a potential role in the organization of the cytoskeleton and the regulation and maintenance of cell shape (Urrutia et al., 1997). The present study attempted to identify a dynamin homologue in Dictyostelium discoideum and to elucidate its function in t ...
... function of dynamins, particularly in regard to a potential role in the organization of the cytoskeleton and the regulation and maintenance of cell shape (Urrutia et al., 1997). The present study attempted to identify a dynamin homologue in Dictyostelium discoideum and to elucidate its function in t ...
Localization and characterization of major histocompatibility
... onto chromalum-coated slides at —20°C and air dried. They were then rehydrated in PBS+ and incubated in the primary antibody (see Table I) in PBS+ containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 10% normal rat serum for 30 minutes in a humid chamber at room temperature. Ascites fluid monoclonal antibodies we ...
... onto chromalum-coated slides at —20°C and air dried. They were then rehydrated in PBS+ and incubated in the primary antibody (see Table I) in PBS+ containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 10% normal rat serum for 30 minutes in a humid chamber at room temperature. Ascites fluid monoclonal antibodies we ...
The Bovine CD1 Family Contains Group 1 CD1 Proteins, but No
... CD1D pseudogenes were found and no intact CD1D genes. Consistent with this, we found complete lack of reactivity to a potent, cross-reactive Ag for NKT cells in mice and humans, ␣-galactosylceramide. Our data suggest the absence of NKT cells in cattle. It remains open whether other cells with the NK ...
... CD1D pseudogenes were found and no intact CD1D genes. Consistent with this, we found complete lack of reactivity to a potent, cross-reactive Ag for NKT cells in mice and humans, ␣-galactosylceramide. Our data suggest the absence of NKT cells in cattle. It remains open whether other cells with the NK ...
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies
... When you were made, a tiny cell from your father joined with another tiny cell from your mother. Those cells began to divide, making new cells. First there was one cell, then it divided and there were two. Each of those cells divided, and then there were four. Each of those divided, and then there w ...
... When you were made, a tiny cell from your father joined with another tiny cell from your mother. Those cells began to divide, making new cells. First there was one cell, then it divided and there were two. Each of those cells divided, and then there were four. Each of those divided, and then there w ...
The importance of foetal movement for co
... In the 1970s, newborns with joint contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, facial deformities and overall growth retardation were suggested by some to suffer from specific autosomal-recessive mutations, whereas others argued that this phenotype resulted from related, though discrete, disorders.6-8 The di ...
... In the 1970s, newborns with joint contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, facial deformities and overall growth retardation were suggested by some to suffer from specific autosomal-recessive mutations, whereas others argued that this phenotype resulted from related, though discrete, disorders.6-8 The di ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.