TATA BINDING PROTEIN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ... TRANSCRIPTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE B-TFIID ACTIVITY
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... In humans, two isoforms of clathrin heavy chain exist that have been termed CHC17 and CHC22. CHC17 is a ubiquitous 1675-residue protein that is involved in membrane trafficking and mitosis (see below), whereas CHC22 is a 1640-residue protein expressed in skeletal muscle that is not thought to be inv ...
... In humans, two isoforms of clathrin heavy chain exist that have been termed CHC17 and CHC22. CHC17 is a ubiquitous 1675-residue protein that is involved in membrane trafficking and mitosis (see below), whereas CHC22 is a 1640-residue protein expressed in skeletal muscle that is not thought to be inv ...
Linkage Novel Type of Antigen with an Isopeptide Peptide Splicing
... the scissile peptide bond, resulting in the formation of an O-acyl enzyme intermediate and the release of the C-terminal part of the peptide. In a second step, an aminolysis reaction takes place, in which this intermediate ester is captured by an amino group of a second peptide (the C-terminal ligat ...
... the scissile peptide bond, resulting in the formation of an O-acyl enzyme intermediate and the release of the C-terminal part of the peptide. In a second step, an aminolysis reaction takes place, in which this intermediate ester is captured by an amino group of a second peptide (the C-terminal ligat ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... 1988; Morgan et al., 1993; Ohta et al., 1989). The phosphorylated form of ADF lacks the ability to bind monomeric actin, and to affect the rate and extent of actin assembly. The fraction of ADF in the phosphorylated form varies from 0.15 to 0.6 in different cells and tissues (Morgan et al., 1993). I ...
... 1988; Morgan et al., 1993; Ohta et al., 1989). The phosphorylated form of ADF lacks the ability to bind monomeric actin, and to affect the rate and extent of actin assembly. The fraction of ADF in the phosphorylated form varies from 0.15 to 0.6 in different cells and tissues (Morgan et al., 1993). I ...
ภาพนิ่ง 1
... vp) that are blocked at other steps in the carotenoid pathway also have reduced levels of ABA and exhibit vivipary. ...
... vp) that are blocked at other steps in the carotenoid pathway also have reduced levels of ABA and exhibit vivipary. ...
Utilization and Transport of Mannitol in Olea
... charges into the cells, the effect of the dissipation of transmembrane electric potential on mannitol transport was studied. Fig. 4B shows the effect of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPPþ) on the initial uptake rates of 0.2–2 mM D-[14C]mannitol. TPPþ inhibited mannitol uptake, indica ...
... charges into the cells, the effect of the dissipation of transmembrane electric potential on mannitol transport was studied. Fig. 4B shows the effect of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPPþ) on the initial uptake rates of 0.2–2 mM D-[14C]mannitol. TPPþ inhibited mannitol uptake, indica ...
The Plant Actin Cytoskeleton Responds to Signals from Microbe
... direct evidence linking specific aspects of either layer of immune signaling have been reported. However, a recent report shows that a T3E protein from Pseudomonas syringae, HopZ1a, targets the microtubule cytoskeleton to circumvent PTI [27]. Similarly, one report describes actin filament stabilizat ...
... direct evidence linking specific aspects of either layer of immune signaling have been reported. However, a recent report shows that a T3E protein from Pseudomonas syringae, HopZ1a, targets the microtubule cytoskeleton to circumvent PTI [27]. Similarly, one report describes actin filament stabilizat ...
Melatonin Receptors Trigger cAMP Production and Inhibit Chloride
... was the release of chloride; and finally, the slope of the curve straight segment representing the velocity (V) of the chloride efflux. We used these parameters to evaluate the treatments versus the untreated cells that were taken as controls. These control cells showed the normal release of chlorid ...
... was the release of chloride; and finally, the slope of the curve straight segment representing the velocity (V) of the chloride efflux. We used these parameters to evaluate the treatments versus the untreated cells that were taken as controls. These control cells showed the normal release of chlorid ...
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen | eLife
... host cell. Thus, C.trachomatis has developed ways to import these nutrients into inclusions, and, more generally, to take the control of its interactions with the host cell. The inclusions built up by C. trachomatis contain a high amount of glycogen, a carbohydrate that generally acts as an energy s ...
... host cell. Thus, C.trachomatis has developed ways to import these nutrients into inclusions, and, more generally, to take the control of its interactions with the host cell. The inclusions built up by C. trachomatis contain a high amount of glycogen, a carbohydrate that generally acts as an energy s ...
A genetic framework for fruit patterning in
... Fig. 3. FIL and YAB3 are necessary for proper SHP2 and FUL expression. GUS expression driven by the SHP2 promoter (A-E) or the ful-1 enhancer trap line (F-I). All plants stained for FUL GUS activity are heterozygous for ful-1. (A) In wild-type fruit, the SHP2::GUS reporter is active in the valve mar ...
... Fig. 3. FIL and YAB3 are necessary for proper SHP2 and FUL expression. GUS expression driven by the SHP2 promoter (A-E) or the ful-1 enhancer trap line (F-I). All plants stained for FUL GUS activity are heterozygous for ful-1. (A) In wild-type fruit, the SHP2::GUS reporter is active in the valve mar ...
Binding of Thrombin to Subendothelial Extracellular Matrix
... Traditionally, the response to vascular injury is considered to begin when rapid activation of the hemostatic process is initiated after exposure of the subendothelium. This would then lead to thrombin generation, platelet activation and fibrin clot formation to establish a hemostatic plug (6). It h ...
... Traditionally, the response to vascular injury is considered to begin when rapid activation of the hemostatic process is initiated after exposure of the subendothelium. This would then lead to thrombin generation, platelet activation and fibrin clot formation to establish a hemostatic plug (6). It h ...
The potential for toxin and antitoxin gene
... includes genes that exhibit a post-segregational killing (PSK) phenotype. PSK is generated by expression of a toxin and antitoxin from a mobile element, such that if a bacterium loses the element the toxin becomes active in the cell and the cell dies. All PSKs described to date involve a toxin and a ...
... includes genes that exhibit a post-segregational killing (PSK) phenotype. PSK is generated by expression of a toxin and antitoxin from a mobile element, such that if a bacterium loses the element the toxin becomes active in the cell and the cell dies. All PSKs described to date involve a toxin and a ...
Dominant-Negative Receptor Uncovers
... the ERECTA signaling pathway are redundant. Therefore, their mutations may not have an erecta-like phenotype; instead, they may display no phenotype at all, a subset of the erecta phenotypes, more severe phenotypes, or even be lethal. From the same genetic screen, erecta-like4 (elk4) was identified ...
... the ERECTA signaling pathway are redundant. Therefore, their mutations may not have an erecta-like phenotype; instead, they may display no phenotype at all, a subset of the erecta phenotypes, more severe phenotypes, or even be lethal. From the same genetic screen, erecta-like4 (elk4) was identified ...
Roles of maltodextrin and glycogen phosphorylases in maltose
... Corynebacterium glutamicum transiently accumulates large amounts of glycogen, when cultivated on glucose and other sugars as a source of carbon and energy. Apart from the debranching enzyme GlgX, which is required for the formation of maltodextrins from glycogen, a-glucan phosphorylases were assumed ...
... Corynebacterium glutamicum transiently accumulates large amounts of glycogen, when cultivated on glucose and other sugars as a source of carbon and energy. Apart from the debranching enzyme GlgX, which is required for the formation of maltodextrins from glycogen, a-glucan phosphorylases were assumed ...
TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... supercomplex formation. Except for CtpA all mentioned factors appear to be specific for ...
... supercomplex formation. Except for CtpA all mentioned factors appear to be specific for ...
Coactivation of Syk Kinase and MyD88 Adaptor Protein Pathways by
... 2006). Myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88)-dependent TLR-triggering leads to cell activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators. Our understanding of non-TLR PRRs ...
... 2006). Myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88)-dependent TLR-triggering leads to cell activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators. Our understanding of non-TLR PRRs ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... is required for cell cycle progression (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000). Depletion of Pin1 activity in human tumor cells and deletion of ESS1 in S. cerevisiae result in mitotic arrest (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000). A Pin1 mutant lacking PPIase activity fails to co ...
... is required for cell cycle progression (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000). Depletion of Pin1 activity in human tumor cells and deletion of ESS1 in S. cerevisiae result in mitotic arrest (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000). A Pin1 mutant lacking PPIase activity fails to co ...
Endogenous Drp1 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy and Protects
... Drp1 plays an essential role in mediating Parkin-induced mitochondria selective autophagy, namely mitophagy in MEF cells 15. Drp1 also mediates Bnip3-induced autophagy in adult CMs 16. However, whether Drp1 is involved in general autophagy that can remove mitochondria (which we here referred to as m ...
... Drp1 plays an essential role in mediating Parkin-induced mitochondria selective autophagy, namely mitophagy in MEF cells 15. Drp1 also mediates Bnip3-induced autophagy in adult CMs 16. However, whether Drp1 is involved in general autophagy that can remove mitochondria (which we here referred to as m ...
Expression, purification and characterization of azurin derived
... therapeutic proteins, antibodies and small organic molecules. Most of these peptides are designed based on truncate fragments of therapeutic proteins and antibodies. Nowadays, these peptides are used in many pathologies like diabetes, microbial infections and oncology. (Lu et al., 2006; Vlieghe et a ...
... therapeutic proteins, antibodies and small organic molecules. Most of these peptides are designed based on truncate fragments of therapeutic proteins and antibodies. Nowadays, these peptides are used in many pathologies like diabetes, microbial infections and oncology. (Lu et al., 2006; Vlieghe et a ...
PDF - Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee
... All posters will remain up for the entire meeting and can be set up Thursday starting at 7:00 am. There will be three poster sessions, one Thursday evening, one Friday evening, and one Saturday during lunch. To determine when you should stand next to your poster, find your abstract in this book and ...
... All posters will remain up for the entire meeting and can be set up Thursday starting at 7:00 am. There will be three poster sessions, one Thursday evening, one Friday evening, and one Saturday during lunch. To determine when you should stand next to your poster, find your abstract in this book and ...
Enhancement of Hypothalamic STAT3 Acetylation by
... weight and energy homeostasis in hypothalamus to date. Analysis of samples from hypothalamus showed a significant decrease of Nur77 expression in both mRNA and protein level in obese db/db and ob/ob mice compared with corresponding normal mice (Fig. 1A). Immunofluorescent staining also revealed a dis ...
... weight and energy homeostasis in hypothalamus to date. Analysis of samples from hypothalamus showed a significant decrease of Nur77 expression in both mRNA and protein level in obese db/db and ob/ob mice compared with corresponding normal mice (Fig. 1A). Immunofluorescent staining also revealed a dis ...
- Wiley Online Library
... However, the bacterium is also able to cause infections in humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Listeriosis involves self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals but can also develop into more systemic conditions, primarily affecting the brain as well as the fetus ...
... However, the bacterium is also able to cause infections in humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Listeriosis involves self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals but can also develop into more systemic conditions, primarily affecting the brain as well as the fetus ...
as a PDF
... isolated from soil survived starvation periods equally as well as strains capable of PHA accumulation (Wang & Bakken 1998), suggesting that PHA enhances the survival of some, but not all, of the bacteria, which must then rely on alternative strategies. In PHA-producing bacteria, PHA is a major deter ...
... isolated from soil survived starvation periods equally as well as strains capable of PHA accumulation (Wang & Bakken 1998), suggesting that PHA enhances the survival of some, but not all, of the bacteria, which must then rely on alternative strategies. In PHA-producing bacteria, PHA is a major deter ...
An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cAMP elicited axonal
... inability to regenerate nerve fibers is not set in stone. Instead, it can be unlocked by a second injury in nerves elsewhere in the body, the so-called “peripheral nervous system”. This process relies on an enzyme called DLK, which becomes activated in damaged nerve fibers. But how does DLK ‘sense’ ...
... inability to regenerate nerve fibers is not set in stone. Instead, it can be unlocked by a second injury in nerves elsewhere in the body, the so-called “peripheral nervous system”. This process relies on an enzyme called DLK, which becomes activated in damaged nerve fibers. But how does DLK ‘sense’ ...
Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease
... and fission are highly expressed in the adult heart (Delettre et al. 2001; Santel et al. 2003). Ultrastructural analysis of murine left ventricle subjected to physical training reveals the presence of giant mitochondria, thought to be the result of multiple fusion events (Coleman et al. 1987). More ...
... and fission are highly expressed in the adult heart (Delettre et al. 2001; Santel et al. 2003). Ultrastructural analysis of murine left ventricle subjected to physical training reveals the presence of giant mitochondria, thought to be the result of multiple fusion events (Coleman et al. 1987). More ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.