Type XIII collagen. Structural and functional characterization of the
... in various tissues and that it is mostly localized to cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In order to study type XIII collagen at the molecular level, the protein was expressed in insect cells as a homotrimer. The recombinant protein was found to reside in the plasma membrane of insect cells with it ...
... in various tissues and that it is mostly localized to cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In order to study type XIII collagen at the molecular level, the protein was expressed in insect cells as a homotrimer. The recombinant protein was found to reside in the plasma membrane of insect cells with it ...
Class II Histone Deacetylases Are Directly Recruited by BCL6
... Koken (33). For producing the proteins in baculovirus, BCL6 cDNA encoding the zinc finger region (amino acids 501-706) was cloned into the pBacPAK9 vector (CLONTECH), in-frame with a histidine tag at the C terminus. Antibodies-- The antibodies used were: anti-BCL6 N3 or C19 rabbit antibodies (Santa ...
... Koken (33). For producing the proteins in baculovirus, BCL6 cDNA encoding the zinc finger region (amino acids 501-706) was cloned into the pBacPAK9 vector (CLONTECH), in-frame with a histidine tag at the C terminus. Antibodies-- The antibodies used were: anti-BCL6 N3 or C19 rabbit antibodies (Santa ...
Biology - Cellular, Molecular, Professional Emphasis (sample 4 Year Plan) 2011.doc
... Bio 306 Neurobiology (S, odd years) (3 cr) Bio 315 Virology (S) (3 cr) Bio 321 Mycology (F) (3 cr) Bio 337 Plant Anatomy (S) (3 cr) Bio 309 General Bacteriology (5 cr) Bio 316 Developmental Biology (S) (3 cr) Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron ...
... Bio 306 Neurobiology (S, odd years) (3 cr) Bio 315 Virology (S) (3 cr) Bio 321 Mycology (F) (3 cr) Bio 337 Plant Anatomy (S) (3 cr) Bio 309 General Bacteriology (5 cr) Bio 316 Developmental Biology (S) (3 cr) Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron ...
Chitin and Chitosan in Fungi - Wiley-VCH
... widely distributed in nature, whereas the related polysaccharide chitosan (poly-GlcN ) occurs in certain fungi only. Fungal chitin shows some special features, in particular with respect to chemical structure and biosynthesis. Thus, it appears appropriate to look at fungal chitin and chitosan in the ...
... widely distributed in nature, whereas the related polysaccharide chitosan (poly-GlcN ) occurs in certain fungi only. Fungal chitin shows some special features, in particular with respect to chemical structure and biosynthesis. Thus, it appears appropriate to look at fungal chitin and chitosan in the ...
Strategies of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
... Gieseke et al. (2001) investigated the nitrifying community dynamics of a phosphate-removing biofilm with respect to dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and reported that, in the deeper biofilm layers (DO o 0.11 mg O2 L1), the AOB community was exclusively Nitrosomonas oligotropha relatives, altho ...
... Gieseke et al. (2001) investigated the nitrifying community dynamics of a phosphate-removing biofilm with respect to dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and reported that, in the deeper biofilm layers (DO o 0.11 mg O2 L1), the AOB community was exclusively Nitrosomonas oligotropha relatives, altho ...
Evasion of the Immune Response by Trypanosoma cruzi during
... Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, a highly diverse taxon. This disease is endemic to Latin America, with sporadic cases mainly in the United States and Europe, and affects nearly 8 million people, accounting for the loss of ...
... Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, a highly diverse taxon. This disease is endemic to Latin America, with sporadic cases mainly in the United States and Europe, and affects nearly 8 million people, accounting for the loss of ...
View PDF - OMICS International
... tuberculosis [15]. It has been validated in the M. tuberculosis, if the organisms are physiologically inactive for long time period; its storage of sugars becomes very important for survival. Various groups of scientific community has been reported that, glycan’s may regulate biochemical pathways by ...
... tuberculosis [15]. It has been validated in the M. tuberculosis, if the organisms are physiologically inactive for long time period; its storage of sugars becomes very important for survival. Various groups of scientific community has been reported that, glycan’s may regulate biochemical pathways by ...
PKC modulates NF-B and AP-1 via mitogen
... important upstream regulators for the induction of various transcription factors (12, 37, 44). The role of each MAPK subfamily in the activation of transcription factors appears to be cell-type specific. In noncardiac cells, it has been shown that p44/p42 MAPKs activate AP-1, Elk-1, and NF-B (7, 8, ...
... important upstream regulators for the induction of various transcription factors (12, 37, 44). The role of each MAPK subfamily in the activation of transcription factors appears to be cell-type specific. In noncardiac cells, it has been shown that p44/p42 MAPKs activate AP-1, Elk-1, and NF-B (7, 8, ...
Gain-of-Function Mutations in SCN5A Gene Lead to Type
... created a mouse model for LQTS by expressing SCN5A mutation N1325S in the mouse hearts (TG-NS) and a matched experimental control line with overexpression of wildtype SCN5A (TG-WT). There are some interesting findings in TG-NS mice: (i) Intracellular sodium (Na+) level is higher in TG-NS myocytes co ...
... created a mouse model for LQTS by expressing SCN5A mutation N1325S in the mouse hearts (TG-NS) and a matched experimental control line with overexpression of wildtype SCN5A (TG-WT). There are some interesting findings in TG-NS mice: (i) Intracellular sodium (Na+) level is higher in TG-NS myocytes co ...
Effects of GDF-9 and FSH on in vitro development of bovine
... process observed in domestic species (van den Hurk and Zhao, 2005). It is well known that preimplantation embryo development is largely dependent on maternal transcripts and proteins synthesized during oogenesis. The maternal antigen that the embryo requires (Mater) is one such oocyte-specific mater ...
... process observed in domestic species (van den Hurk and Zhao, 2005). It is well known that preimplantation embryo development is largely dependent on maternal transcripts and proteins synthesized during oogenesis. The maternal antigen that the embryo requires (Mater) is one such oocyte-specific mater ...
The N-Terminal Domain of ERK1 Accounts for the Functional
... proliferation, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Once activated in the cytoplasm, ERK1 and ERK2 translocate into the nucleus and interact with nuclear substrates to induce specific programs of gene expression. ERK1/2 share 85% of aminoacid identity and all known functional domains and thence ...
... proliferation, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Once activated in the cytoplasm, ERK1 and ERK2 translocate into the nucleus and interact with nuclear substrates to induce specific programs of gene expression. ERK1/2 share 85% of aminoacid identity and all known functional domains and thence ...
Document
... (c) digestion of bulk cytoplasm expressly to replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a ...
... (c) digestion of bulk cytoplasm expressly to replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a ...
Clostridium and Bacillus Binary Enterotoxins
... them into the bacterial chromosome, as evidenced by the CDT, CST, and C2 toxin genes. In fact, plasmid-borne genes for the ι and C2 toxins are flanked by insertion sequences [13,16,23]. In contrast, BEC appears unique and not simply a variant of these other binary toxins [10]. 2.1. Clostridium perfr ...
... them into the bacterial chromosome, as evidenced by the CDT, CST, and C2 toxin genes. In fact, plasmid-borne genes for the ι and C2 toxins are flanked by insertion sequences [13,16,23]. In contrast, BEC appears unique and not simply a variant of these other binary toxins [10]. 2.1. Clostridium perfr ...
Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi
... [31]. The promotors for APXl and APXZ have been isolated and fusions with a luciferase reporter gene have been made. The transformants were then used to investigate the pattern of APXZ expression and the signalling processes that control it [32”]. APX induction is correlated to increased reduction-s ...
... [31]. The promotors for APXl and APXZ have been isolated and fusions with a luciferase reporter gene have been made. The transformants were then used to investigate the pattern of APXZ expression and the signalling processes that control it [32”]. APX induction is correlated to increased reduction-s ...
Murine Regulatory T Cells Contain Hyperproliferative and Death
... Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for self-tolerance. It has been an enigma that Treg exhibit an anergic phenotype reflected by hypoproliferation in vitro after TCR stimulation but undergo vigorous proliferation in vivo. We report in this study that murine Treg are prone to death but hyperprolif ...
... Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for self-tolerance. It has been an enigma that Treg exhibit an anergic phenotype reflected by hypoproliferation in vitro after TCR stimulation but undergo vigorous proliferation in vivo. We report in this study that murine Treg are prone to death but hyperprolif ...
Alternative splicing of human cyclin E - Journal of Cell Science
... The cyclins represent a major group of cell cycle regulatory proteins present in all eukaryotic cells. They were originally identified as proteins that accumulate during the cell cycle and are degraded in mitosis (for reviews see Hunt, 1989; Hunter and Pines, 1991; Lew and Reed, 1992; Lewin, 1990; M ...
... The cyclins represent a major group of cell cycle regulatory proteins present in all eukaryotic cells. They were originally identified as proteins that accumulate during the cell cycle and are degraded in mitosis (for reviews see Hunt, 1989; Hunter and Pines, 1991; Lew and Reed, 1992; Lewin, 1990; M ...
Ryanodine receptors: next generation of insecticide targets
... reticulum of muscle cells and neurons. They are the largest ion channels known made up of four monomers, each 565kDa in size. Mammals have 3 different RyR isoforms, encoded by different genes, while insects express only one isoform of the receptor, which is only 46% similar (at the amino acid level) ...
... reticulum of muscle cells and neurons. They are the largest ion channels known made up of four monomers, each 565kDa in size. Mammals have 3 different RyR isoforms, encoded by different genes, while insects express only one isoform of the receptor, which is only 46% similar (at the amino acid level) ...
The Epigenetic Pathways to Ribosomal DNA Silencing
... FIG 1 rDNA structures in yeast, human, mouse, and Arabidopsis. The graphic of the yeast rRNA gene is derived from data reported under GenBank accession no. U53879, and graphics of human rRNA and mouse genes are derived from data reported under accession no. U13369 and BK000964, respectively. A graph ...
... FIG 1 rDNA structures in yeast, human, mouse, and Arabidopsis. The graphic of the yeast rRNA gene is derived from data reported under GenBank accession no. U53879, and graphics of human rRNA and mouse genes are derived from data reported under accession no. U13369 and BK000964, respectively. A graph ...
Inositol trisphosphate and calcium oscillations
... It is proposed that the analogue detector is the Ca2+ entry process that responds to changes in agonist concentration by varying the amount of Ca2+ entering the cell. The digital converter is the InsP3 receptor that is sensitive to the level of Ca2+ within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The ...
... It is proposed that the analogue detector is the Ca2+ entry process that responds to changes in agonist concentration by varying the amount of Ca2+ entering the cell. The digital converter is the InsP3 receptor that is sensitive to the level of Ca2+ within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The ...
Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy - diss.fu
... Rep68 and Rep40, are translated from spliced mRNAs (Fig. 1). Since the site-specific DNA-binding and the endonuclease domains are located within the N-terminus of the Rep78/68 proteins these protein characteristics are absent from Rep52/40. However, all Rep proteins possess a 3’-to-5’ helicase activ ...
... Rep68 and Rep40, are translated from spliced mRNAs (Fig. 1). Since the site-specific DNA-binding and the endonuclease domains are located within the N-terminus of the Rep78/68 proteins these protein characteristics are absent from Rep52/40. However, all Rep proteins possess a 3’-to-5’ helicase activ ...
PDF
... During initiation, a distinct domain within the SAM, which is separated from the rest of the SAM by a boundary domain, is specified (Aida and Tasaka, 2006; Žádníková and Simon, 2014). According to the Hofmeister principle, leaf initiation occurs at the point most distant from existing primordia, lea ...
... During initiation, a distinct domain within the SAM, which is separated from the rest of the SAM by a boundary domain, is specified (Aida and Tasaka, 2006; Žádníková and Simon, 2014). According to the Hofmeister principle, leaf initiation occurs at the point most distant from existing primordia, lea ...
Animal Models in Eye Research
... of the greatest debates in the eye field is how many times eyes have evolved independently during evolution and if there is a common ancestor. Based on the different types, it is obvious that eyes have evolved more than once. Also embryology teaches us that in different species eyes derive from diff ...
... of the greatest debates in the eye field is how many times eyes have evolved independently during evolution and if there is a common ancestor. Based on the different types, it is obvious that eyes have evolved more than once. Also embryology teaches us that in different species eyes derive from diff ...
Supplementary Table 1
... play a role in numerous cellular processes, especially those involving DNA or RNAmediated reactions. For example, VIP1 and VirE2 enable uptake of the agrobacterium genome into the host nucleus. Subsequently, VirF, an F-box protein, promotes the degradation of VirE2 and VIP1, exposing the genome so t ...
... play a role in numerous cellular processes, especially those involving DNA or RNAmediated reactions. For example, VIP1 and VirE2 enable uptake of the agrobacterium genome into the host nucleus. Subsequently, VirF, an F-box protein, promotes the degradation of VirE2 and VIP1, exposing the genome so t ...
Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness
... revealed two distinct areas of mesophyll in the SDD1 plants: one where mesophyll lay above stomata and the other where stomata were absent. Measurements of maximum and actual photosynthetic efficiency were identical to the wild type in areas with stomata; however, leaf areas without stomata showed lo ...
... revealed two distinct areas of mesophyll in the SDD1 plants: one where mesophyll lay above stomata and the other where stomata were absent. Measurements of maximum and actual photosynthetic efficiency were identical to the wild type in areas with stomata; however, leaf areas without stomata showed lo ...
... Golgi to move between fixed ER exit sites (the stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). In this view, cargo collection would occur only when Golgi stacks stop at ER exit sites, possibly after transient detachment from actin. A third possibility is that Golgi movement represents the movement of bo ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.