Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 Transcription Factors in Heart
... alone could initiate skeletal myogenesis in a broad range of cell types in culture (Davis et al., 1987). MEF2 proteins were also identified during this time as essential regulators of skeletal muscle transcription, and as partners for MyoD and other myogenic bHLH proteins. In addition, it soon becam ...
... alone could initiate skeletal myogenesis in a broad range of cell types in culture (Davis et al., 1987). MEF2 proteins were also identified during this time as essential regulators of skeletal muscle transcription, and as partners for MyoD and other myogenic bHLH proteins. In addition, it soon becam ...
Superinfection Exclusion by P22 Prophage in Lysogens of Salmonella typhimurium. II. Genetic Evidence for Two Exclusion Systems.
... prophage. The mutants isolated by Rao were found to be nonexcluding for both P22 and the heteroimmune phages, (L, MG178, and MG40), regardless of whether they had been selected for inability to exclude P22 or in ability to exclude MG178. This suggested that a single mechanism might be responsible fo ...
... prophage. The mutants isolated by Rao were found to be nonexcluding for both P22 and the heteroimmune phages, (L, MG178, and MG40), regardless of whether they had been selected for inability to exclude P22 or in ability to exclude MG178. This suggested that a single mechanism might be responsible fo ...
Role of histone deacetylase 2 and its
... (10), DNA recruitment (11), and transcription (12). It typically occurs on lysine residues; however, N-terminal acetylation has also been reported (13). This process replaces a hydrogen atom with acetyl moiety. Among acetylation-associated regulation, the biological implications of acetylation of hi ...
... (10), DNA recruitment (11), and transcription (12). It typically occurs on lysine residues; however, N-terminal acetylation has also been reported (13). This process replaces a hydrogen atom with acetyl moiety. Among acetylation-associated regulation, the biological implications of acetylation of hi ...
E7.5 endoderm induction by adjacent germ layers
... transcription factors interact to generate specific cell types is as yet unclear, although some target genes of Pdx1, including insulin and somatostatin (Goudet et al., 1999), have been identified. In the studies mentioned above, particularly those on pancreatic development, the intercellular signal ...
... transcription factors interact to generate specific cell types is as yet unclear, although some target genes of Pdx1, including insulin and somatostatin (Goudet et al., 1999), have been identified. In the studies mentioned above, particularly those on pancreatic development, the intercellular signal ...
TFIIH Plays an Essential Role in RNA Polymerase I Transcription
... of Pol I and TIF-IB Mammalian Pol I is heterogeneous with regard to chromatographic properties, electrophoretic mobility, and ability to support specific transcription of rDNA (reviewed in Grummt, 1999). The initiation-competent form of Pol I is associated with accessory proteins that contribute to ...
... of Pol I and TIF-IB Mammalian Pol I is heterogeneous with regard to chromatographic properties, electrophoretic mobility, and ability to support specific transcription of rDNA (reviewed in Grummt, 1999). The initiation-competent form of Pol I is associated with accessory proteins that contribute to ...
Evidence for an apical Na–Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in
... Cation–chloride cotransporters, such as the Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransporter (NKCC) and Na+/Cl– cotransporter (NCC), are localized to the apical or basolateral plasma membranes of epithelial cells and are involved in active ion absorption or secretion. The objectives of this study were to clone and identif ...
... Cation–chloride cotransporters, such as the Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransporter (NKCC) and Na+/Cl– cotransporter (NCC), are localized to the apical or basolateral plasma membranes of epithelial cells and are involved in active ion absorption or secretion. The objectives of this study were to clone and identif ...
A heritable switch in carbon source utilization driven
... We performed gene expression profiling to identify transcriptional consequences of [GAR+]. In glucose-grown cultures tested just prior to the diauxic shift, only one gene showed a detectable difference between [gar!] cells and [GAR+] cells on our arrays, but that gene was very strongly affected. Hex ...
... We performed gene expression profiling to identify transcriptional consequences of [GAR+]. In glucose-grown cultures tested just prior to the diauxic shift, only one gene showed a detectable difference between [gar!] cells and [GAR+] cells on our arrays, but that gene was very strongly affected. Hex ...
Comparison of induction during development between Xenopus
... Dose-dependent tissue differentiation in Xenopus tropicalis 389 Xenopus laevis (Fig. 2C) and Xenopus tropicalis (Fig. 2D), relative to ODC expression. RNA samples were derived from animal caps treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml of activin for 1 hour and then sampled either immediately or 5 hours ...
... Dose-dependent tissue differentiation in Xenopus tropicalis 389 Xenopus laevis (Fig. 2C) and Xenopus tropicalis (Fig. 2D), relative to ODC expression. RNA samples were derived from animal caps treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml of activin for 1 hour and then sampled either immediately or 5 hours ...
Cdc6 in S phase in human cells - Journal of Cell Science
... We first asked whether Cdc6 enters the nucleus under in vitro replication conditions. We chose to use purified recombinant Xenopus Cdc6 protein in these studies for three reasons. Firstly, because we know it stimulates replication in mammalian nuclei in vitro (Stoeber et al., 1998), secondly because ...
... We first asked whether Cdc6 enters the nucleus under in vitro replication conditions. We chose to use purified recombinant Xenopus Cdc6 protein in these studies for three reasons. Firstly, because we know it stimulates replication in mammalian nuclei in vitro (Stoeber et al., 1998), secondly because ...
Regulation of the Intermediate Filament Protein Nestin at Rodent
... The intermediate filament nestin is localized postsynaptically at rodent neuromuscular junctions. The protein forms a filamentous network beneath and between the synaptic gutters, surrounds myofiber nuclei, and is associated with Z-discs adjacent to the junction. In situ hybridization shows that nes ...
... The intermediate filament nestin is localized postsynaptically at rodent neuromuscular junctions. The protein forms a filamentous network beneath and between the synaptic gutters, surrounds myofiber nuclei, and is associated with Z-discs adjacent to the junction. In situ hybridization shows that nes ...
The Drosophila Sec7 domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor
... GDP–GTP nucleotide exchange reaction leads to constitutive Golgi localization, suggesting that Garz cycles in a GEF-activitydependent manner between cytoplasmic and Golgi-membrane-localized pools. The related human ARF-GEF protein GBF1 can substitute for garz function in Drosophila tracheal cells, i ...
... GDP–GTP nucleotide exchange reaction leads to constitutive Golgi localization, suggesting that Garz cycles in a GEF-activitydependent manner between cytoplasmic and Golgi-membrane-localized pools. The related human ARF-GEF protein GBF1 can substitute for garz function in Drosophila tracheal cells, i ...
Dentin-pulp complex
... of the tooth. Root canal or radicular pulp, is the portion of the pulp located in the root area. The apical foramen is the opening from the pulp at the apex of the tooth. Accessory canals or lateral canal, extra canal located on the lateral portions of the root. ...
... of the tooth. Root canal or radicular pulp, is the portion of the pulp located in the root area. The apical foramen is the opening from the pulp at the apex of the tooth. Accessory canals or lateral canal, extra canal located on the lateral portions of the root. ...
Running Head: Superresolution of cortical
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
SOX9 specifies the pyloric sphincter epithelium
... musculature (Roberts et al., 1998; Smith et al., 2000a; Nielsen et al., 2001). The importance of all these factors in gut patterning is highlighted by their remarkable conservation across vertebrate species (Smith et al., 2000b). SOX genes, which encode high-mobility group (HMG) domain-containing tr ...
... musculature (Roberts et al., 1998; Smith et al., 2000a; Nielsen et al., 2001). The importance of all these factors in gut patterning is highlighted by their remarkable conservation across vertebrate species (Smith et al., 2000b). SOX genes, which encode high-mobility group (HMG) domain-containing tr ...
Stacks off tracks
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
Abscisic Acid Coordinates Nod Factor and Cytokinin Signaling
... action can differ between plant species. It has recently been shown that ABA can regulate nodulation in Lotus japonicus, and the ABA signaling gene, LATD, regulates nodule development in M. truncatula, although the mechanisms by which it achieves this have not been characterized (Suzuki et al., 2004 ...
... action can differ between plant species. It has recently been shown that ABA can regulate nodulation in Lotus japonicus, and the ABA signaling gene, LATD, regulates nodule development in M. truncatula, although the mechanisms by which it achieves this have not been characterized (Suzuki et al., 2004 ...
NCAM Polypeptides in Heart Development: Association with Z Discs
... cytoplasmic domain; MSD, muscle-specific domain; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; OTG, octylthioglucopyranoside; PIPLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; sd, small cytoplasmic domain; ssd, small surface domain; VASE, variable domain alternatively spliced exon. ...
... cytoplasmic domain; MSD, muscle-specific domain; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; OTG, octylthioglucopyranoside; PIPLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; sd, small cytoplasmic domain; ssd, small surface domain; VASE, variable domain alternatively spliced exon. ...
Tissue interactions in the developing chick diencephalon
... four days. Examination of representative explants by electron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of proliferating tissue, such as the presence of actively dividing cells, de-condensed chromatin in the majority of cell nuclei and an abundance of cellular organelles in the supranu ...
... four days. Examination of representative explants by electron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of proliferating tissue, such as the presence of actively dividing cells, de-condensed chromatin in the majority of cell nuclei and an abundance of cellular organelles in the supranu ...
life cycle, cell wall and cell signal transduction
... A complete understanding of the life cycle of Pneumocystis is difficult because the organism has yet to be grown in continuous ex vivo axenic culture, although growth of Pneumocystis in co-culture with host cells has been described (Schildgen et al. 2014). Pneumocystis has many features to suggest t ...
... A complete understanding of the life cycle of Pneumocystis is difficult because the organism has yet to be grown in continuous ex vivo axenic culture, although growth of Pneumocystis in co-culture with host cells has been described (Schildgen et al. 2014). Pneumocystis has many features to suggest t ...
Formation of a highly peptide-receptive state of class II MHC.
... The most rapid binding of labeled MCC (.50-fold faster than binding to {sEk}0) is observed when CLIP/sEk is used as the starting material, consistent with the rapid dissociation of CLIP from sEk (Figure 2A). Such acceleration of the peptide binding reaction is not specific to CLIP, as the peptide co ...
... The most rapid binding of labeled MCC (.50-fold faster than binding to {sEk}0) is observed when CLIP/sEk is used as the starting material, consistent with the rapid dissociation of CLIP from sEk (Figure 2A). Such acceleration of the peptide binding reaction is not specific to CLIP, as the peptide co ...
Arpp19 and Cdc6, two major regulators of the meiotic division
... She became allergic to the sentence: “Do you have 5 minutes to discuss with me?”. I’m really sorry for that! You will never hear it anymore (at least not from me). However, a lot of synonym ...
... She became allergic to the sentence: “Do you have 5 minutes to discuss with me?”. I’m really sorry for that! You will never hear it anymore (at least not from me). However, a lot of synonym ...
Correction: Mice humanised for the EGF receptor
... EGFR and induce receptor dimerisation. Subsequent activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase induces complex downstream signalling pathways, which can instruct cells either to proliferate, differentiate and/or survive. Little is known about how these cellular responses are regulated in different ce ...
... EGFR and induce receptor dimerisation. Subsequent activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase induces complex downstream signalling pathways, which can instruct cells either to proliferate, differentiate and/or survive. Little is known about how these cellular responses are regulated in different ce ...
Insights From a Sea Lamprey Into the Evolution of Neural Crest
... lamprey, a basal extant vertebrate, consisting in identification and functional tests of molecular elements at each regulatory level of this network, has helped address the question of the timing of emergence of NC GRN and define its basal state. The results have revealed striking conservation in de ...
... lamprey, a basal extant vertebrate, consisting in identification and functional tests of molecular elements at each regulatory level of this network, has helped address the question of the timing of emergence of NC GRN and define its basal state. The results have revealed striking conservation in de ...
Decision making by p53: life, death and cancer
... and exerts very little, if any, effect on cell fate. However, in response to various types of stress, p53 becomes activated; this is reflected in elevated protein levels, as well as augmented biochemical capabilities. As a consequence of p53 activation, cells can undergo marked phenotypic changes, r ...
... and exerts very little, if any, effect on cell fate. However, in response to various types of stress, p53 becomes activated; this is reflected in elevated protein levels, as well as augmented biochemical capabilities. As a consequence of p53 activation, cells can undergo marked phenotypic changes, r ...
Stimulation Do Not Alter TTP Function Protein Kinase and
... received the following: 1 g of pGL3 luciferase vector and varying concentrations of the specified pcDNA 3.1 His C-TTP vector, with the difference in DNA transfected made up with the pcDNA3.1 His-C parental for a total of 1 g in 100 l of total, serum free RPMI 1640 medium. The DNA mixture was mixe ...
... received the following: 1 g of pGL3 luciferase vector and varying concentrations of the specified pcDNA 3.1 His C-TTP vector, with the difference in DNA transfected made up with the pcDNA3.1 His-C parental for a total of 1 g in 100 l of total, serum free RPMI 1640 medium. The DNA mixture was mixe ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.