POPCORN Functions in the Auxin Pathway to Regulate
... primordia initiation (Furutani et al., 2004). Furthermore, CUC genes have been shown to be essential for the expression of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) (Aida et al., 1999). In the root, auxin has been shown to play major roles in RAM establishment and function (Overvoorde et al., 2010). The auxin respons ...
... primordia initiation (Furutani et al., 2004). Furthermore, CUC genes have been shown to be essential for the expression of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) (Aida et al., 1999). In the root, auxin has been shown to play major roles in RAM establishment and function (Overvoorde et al., 2010). The auxin respons ...
Conserved features of cohesin binding along
... [18,19]. In particular, it is unclear how heterochromatin could maintain centromeric cohesin during mitosis, when HP1 dissociates from chromatin after aurora B kinase-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 [20,21]. Little is known about the Mis4/Ssl3 cohesin loader (orthologs of budding yeast Scc2/ ...
... [18,19]. In particular, it is unclear how heterochromatin could maintain centromeric cohesin during mitosis, when HP1 dissociates from chromatin after aurora B kinase-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 [20,21]. Little is known about the Mis4/Ssl3 cohesin loader (orthologs of budding yeast Scc2/ ...
Meclofenamic acid selectively inhibits FTO demethylation of m A
... involves a 2OG-tethering strategy of simultaneously occupying both the 2OG- and substrate-binding sites. The practice of linking 2OG derivatives with the substrate analogs has been successfully applied to the development of selective inhibitors of histone demethylases containing a jumonji domain (37 ...
... involves a 2OG-tethering strategy of simultaneously occupying both the 2OG- and substrate-binding sites. The practice of linking 2OG derivatives with the substrate analogs has been successfully applied to the development of selective inhibitors of histone demethylases containing a jumonji domain (37 ...
Development of Competitive Direct Enzyme
... (HPLC; Stead and Richards, 1996, 1997; Graham et al., 1997). Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal (Tsay et al., 1980; Place et al., 1983) or monoclonal antibody (Berkowitz and Webert, 1986; Ploczekova and Foldes, 1992; Hanes and Herring, 2001) has been widely used for ...
... (HPLC; Stead and Richards, 1996, 1997; Graham et al., 1997). Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal (Tsay et al., 1980; Place et al., 1983) or monoclonal antibody (Berkowitz and Webert, 1986; Ploczekova and Foldes, 1992; Hanes and Herring, 2001) has been widely used for ...
Decrease in Reactive Amino Groups during Oxidation or Endothelial
... The monocyte/macrophage appears to be the precursor of many of the lipid-laden cells in atherosclerotic lesions, but the mechanism by which these cells accumulate cholesterol to become foam cells remains unclear. We have previously reported that cultured endothelial cells can modify low density lipo ...
... The monocyte/macrophage appears to be the precursor of many of the lipid-laden cells in atherosclerotic lesions, but the mechanism by which these cells accumulate cholesterol to become foam cells remains unclear. We have previously reported that cultured endothelial cells can modify low density lipo ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... A number of cellular proteins have been found to interact with sGC and influence its function. The association of sGC with HSP (heat-shock protein) 90 [12,13] or HSP70 [14] promotes NOdependent sGC activation, whereas the interaction with CCTη (chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1, η subuni ...
... A number of cellular proteins have been found to interact with sGC and influence its function. The association of sGC with HSP (heat-shock protein) 90 [12,13] or HSP70 [14] promotes NOdependent sGC activation, whereas the interaction with CCTη (chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1, η subuni ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... may disguise the bacteria to prevent autophagic recognition, or that ActA itself prevents recruitment of proteins normally involved in autophagy. Indeed, bacteria lacking ActA are ubiquitinated and targeted to autophagy. InlK is another Listeria surface protein that contributes to escape from autoph ...
... may disguise the bacteria to prevent autophagic recognition, or that ActA itself prevents recruitment of proteins normally involved in autophagy. Indeed, bacteria lacking ActA are ubiquitinated and targeted to autophagy. InlK is another Listeria surface protein that contributes to escape from autoph ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... agreement, lysis inside biofilms also occurs in other bacterial species and it might be related to increased biofilm fitness. However, the effects created by the ablation of either the phage or bacterial lysins were overcome by the addition of external DNA. Additionally, in independent experiments, ...
... agreement, lysis inside biofilms also occurs in other bacterial species and it might be related to increased biofilm fitness. However, the effects created by the ablation of either the phage or bacterial lysins were overcome by the addition of external DNA. Additionally, in independent experiments, ...
Pathology of The Parathyroid Glands
... appears to be an equal sex predilection. Patients with parathyroid carcinoma are younger than those with adenoma, and usually present with profound hypercalcemia, and/or its clinical consequences. The initial clinical presentation of parathyroid carcinoma may be that of palpable neck mass, which can ...
... appears to be an equal sex predilection. Patients with parathyroid carcinoma are younger than those with adenoma, and usually present with profound hypercalcemia, and/or its clinical consequences. The initial clinical presentation of parathyroid carcinoma may be that of palpable neck mass, which can ...
Evolutionary re-wiring of p63 and the epigenomic
... and being occupied by distinct subtypes of immune cells (5). Importantly, these species-specific structural differences are also accompanied by distinct physiological attributes that for example, include faster turnover and metabolic rates for mouse keratinocytes compared to their human counterparts ...
... and being occupied by distinct subtypes of immune cells (5). Importantly, these species-specific structural differences are also accompanied by distinct physiological attributes that for example, include faster turnover and metabolic rates for mouse keratinocytes compared to their human counterparts ...
Chromatin Association of Gcn4 Is Limited by Post
... The expression of numerous genes is controlled by gene-specific transcription factors (TFs), which bind to target DNA sequences and activate transcription. TFs contain DNA binding domains that recognize DNA elements referred to as upstream activator sequences (UAS) in budding yeast, located proximal ...
... The expression of numerous genes is controlled by gene-specific transcription factors (TFs), which bind to target DNA sequences and activate transcription. TFs contain DNA binding domains that recognize DNA elements referred to as upstream activator sequences (UAS) in budding yeast, located proximal ...
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Significance in
... signaling and actually tuned out by sustained [Ca2+]i signal31. In pancreatic -cells, KCl induced a sustained [Ca2+]i increase and transient [Ca2+]m increase, while glucose induced [Ca2+]i oscillations and an oscillatory [Ca2+]m increase, suggesting that repetitive transients of [Ca2+]m associated ...
... signaling and actually tuned out by sustained [Ca2+]i signal31. In pancreatic -cells, KCl induced a sustained [Ca2+]i increase and transient [Ca2+]m increase, while glucose induced [Ca2+]i oscillations and an oscillatory [Ca2+]m increase, suggesting that repetitive transients of [Ca2+]m associated ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... subunit of PP1 can directly bind a subset of substrates, but functional specificity is largely conferred by its interaction with regulatory proteins. Over 200 PP1 interactors exist, which regulate PP1 through modulating substrate specificity, enzyme localization or by inhibition or activa ...
... subunit of PP1 can directly bind a subset of substrates, but functional specificity is largely conferred by its interaction with regulatory proteins. Over 200 PP1 interactors exist, which regulate PP1 through modulating substrate specificity, enzyme localization or by inhibition or activa ...
Hao Shisup>1*sup>, Florian Gatzkesup>2sup>, Julia M. Molle
... /> We have shown that MKP-1-deficient mice are inhibited in their ability to undergo regenerative myogenesis[8]. In contrast, MKP-5-deficient mice exhibit an enhanced regenerative capacity[16]. In order to determine the hierarchy between MKP-1 and MKP-5 for the proce ...
... /> We have shown that MKP-1-deficient mice are inhibited in their ability to undergo regenerative myogenesis[8]. In contrast, MKP-5-deficient mice exhibit an enhanced regenerative capacity[16]. In order to determine the hierarchy between MKP-1 and MKP-5 for the proce ...
Hao Shi1*, Florian Gatzke2, Julia M. Molle
... /> We have shown that MKP-1-deficient mice are inhibited in their ability to undergo regenerative myogenesis[8]. In contrast, MKP-5-deficient mice exhibit an enhanced regenerative capacity[16]. In order to determine the hierarchy between MKP-1 and MKP-5 for the proce ...
... /> We have shown that MKP-1-deficient mice are inhibited in their ability to undergo regenerative myogenesis[8]. In contrast, MKP-5-deficient mice exhibit an enhanced regenerative capacity[16]. In order to determine the hierarchy between MKP-1 and MKP-5 for the proce ...
PDF
... signals, including those from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Signals from the ECM are received by cell surface receptors, including the integrin family. Previously, we have shown that Drosophila integrins form adhesion complexes with Integrin-linked kinase and talin in the peripheral nerve glia and ...
... signals, including those from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Signals from the ECM are received by cell surface receptors, including the integrin family. Previously, we have shown that Drosophila integrins form adhesion complexes with Integrin-linked kinase and talin in the peripheral nerve glia and ...
DORNRÖSCHEN is a direct target of the auxin response factor
... except that the GFP protein was cytosolic whereas the DRN-GFP fusion protein accumulated more locally and was mostly associated with the nuclear compartment. Importantly, no evidence was obtained for trafficking of the DRN-GFP protein into basal suspensor cells during embryogenesis. However, introdu ...
... except that the GFP protein was cytosolic whereas the DRN-GFP fusion protein accumulated more locally and was mostly associated with the nuclear compartment. Importantly, no evidence was obtained for trafficking of the DRN-GFP protein into basal suspensor cells during embryogenesis. However, introdu ...
Mycobacteria Target DC-SIGN to Suppress Dendritic Cell Function
... suppress cellular immune responses. Although DCs are not the primary targets for infection by mycobacteria, the specific function of DCs in the cellular immune response seems to be modulated by mycobacteria (7). Thus, knowledge about the interaction of DCs with mycobacteria and mycobacterial compone ...
... suppress cellular immune responses. Although DCs are not the primary targets for infection by mycobacteria, the specific function of DCs in the cellular immune response seems to be modulated by mycobacteria (7). Thus, knowledge about the interaction of DCs with mycobacteria and mycobacterial compone ...
Three distinct ribosome assemblies modulated by translation are the
... Figure 1. Native human polysomes observed by AFM preserve their in vivo organization and reveal tight ribosome interactions. (a) Typical sedimentation profile of polysomes from MCF-7 cell lysates obtained in a concave 15–50% sucrose gradient. The absorbance peaks corresponding to 40S and ribonucleo ...
... Figure 1. Native human polysomes observed by AFM preserve their in vivo organization and reveal tight ribosome interactions. (a) Typical sedimentation profile of polysomes from MCF-7 cell lysates obtained in a concave 15–50% sucrose gradient. The absorbance peaks corresponding to 40S and ribonucleo ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... Components of the mitotic checkpoint were first identified in budding yeast and include the Mad1, Mad2, Mad3, Bub1, and Bub3 proteins (Hoyt et al., 1991; Li and Murray, 1991). Although the Mad and Bub proteins are highly conserved from yeast to human, additional checkpoint proteins including members ...
... Components of the mitotic checkpoint were first identified in budding yeast and include the Mad1, Mad2, Mad3, Bub1, and Bub3 proteins (Hoyt et al., 1991; Li and Murray, 1991). Although the Mad and Bub proteins are highly conserved from yeast to human, additional checkpoint proteins including members ...
Core-specific adaptive regulatory T-cells in
... contact-dependent mechanisms [3,4,6,8]. Since, thus far, expansion of Treg -cells in chronic hepatitis C is largely considered to reflect HCV non-specific Treg -cells, the role of HCV-specific adaptive Treg -cells has still remained a matter of debate. Antigen-induced adaptive Treg -cells are genera ...
... contact-dependent mechanisms [3,4,6,8]. Since, thus far, expansion of Treg -cells in chronic hepatitis C is largely considered to reflect HCV non-specific Treg -cells, the role of HCV-specific adaptive Treg -cells has still remained a matter of debate. Antigen-induced adaptive Treg -cells are genera ...
CalS7 encodes a callose synthase responsible for callose
... sections revealed that CalS7 is a phloem-specific gene and is not expressed in the xylem tissue (Figure 3c–f). Strong GUS activity could be detected in both sieve elements and companion cells (Figure 3d). Analysis of in situ hybridization using a labeled CalS7 mRNA probe also confirmed the presence ...
... sections revealed that CalS7 is a phloem-specific gene and is not expressed in the xylem tissue (Figure 3c–f). Strong GUS activity could be detected in both sieve elements and companion cells (Figure 3d). Analysis of in situ hybridization using a labeled CalS7 mRNA probe also confirmed the presence ...
Gibberellins: Regulators of Plant Height
... FOR NEARLY 30 YEARS after the discovery of auxin in 1927, and more than 20 years after its structural elucidation as indole-3-acetic acid, Western plant scientists tried to ascribe the regulation of all developmental phenomena in plants to auxin. However, as we will see in this and subsequent chapte ...
... FOR NEARLY 30 YEARS after the discovery of auxin in 1927, and more than 20 years after its structural elucidation as indole-3-acetic acid, Western plant scientists tried to ascribe the regulation of all developmental phenomena in plants to auxin. However, as we will see in this and subsequent chapte ...
SCARFACE Encodes an ARF-GAP That Is Required for Normal
... mutants produce phenotypes resembling pin1 (Bennett et al., 1995), and PIN1 localizes to incorrect cellular positions in pid mutants and in plants overexpressing PID (Friml et al., 2004). However, we do not know the targets of PID kinase nor how it controls PIN1 localization. In addition, the comple ...
... mutants produce phenotypes resembling pin1 (Bennett et al., 1995), and PIN1 localizes to incorrect cellular positions in pid mutants and in plants overexpressing PID (Friml et al., 2004). However, we do not know the targets of PID kinase nor how it controls PIN1 localization. In addition, the comple ...
YEAST STRESS RESPONSES DURING ACCLIMATION FOR
... desired level of sweetness. Originally, these wines were pretty sweet and, as they evolved to become drier than the previous driest level, new names were coined for the new maximum levels of dryness. This is why there are levels such as Brut that are drier than Extra-Dry. The term Natural means that ...
... desired level of sweetness. Originally, these wines were pretty sweet and, as they evolved to become drier than the previous driest level, new names were coined for the new maximum levels of dryness. This is why there are levels such as Brut that are drier than Extra-Dry. The term Natural means that ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.