Serine Residues 286, 288, and 293 within the CIITA: A
... The Journal of Immunology factor Pho4 (31), can alter their subcellular localization. We previously showed that CIITA is phosphorylated on a variety of different serine residues, including a serine at aa 286 (32). Recently, additional phosphorylation sites have been assigned to the general region b ...
... The Journal of Immunology factor Pho4 (31), can alter their subcellular localization. We previously showed that CIITA is phosphorylated on a variety of different serine residues, including a serine at aa 286 (32). Recently, additional phosphorylation sites have been assigned to the general region b ...
Calcium at Fertilization and in Early Development
... the pulse of neurotransmitter release, and the heartbeat. But as it turns out, most cell types contain a very similar portfolio of calcium signaling elements. Calcium signals are apparently ubiquitous (41, 96). They are present in somatic cells, and also in the germline in both sperm (110) and eggs ...
... the pulse of neurotransmitter release, and the heartbeat. But as it turns out, most cell types contain a very similar portfolio of calcium signaling elements. Calcium signals are apparently ubiquitous (41, 96). They are present in somatic cells, and also in the germline in both sperm (110) and eggs ...
PKC regulates the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes through
... cardiomyocytes was employed to evaluate the necessary and sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovir ...
... cardiomyocytes was employed to evaluate the necessary and sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovir ...
PDF
... co-expressed with Prox1 in LECs at all stages examined. As seen in Fig. 1A-C, a few endothelial cells lining the wall of the anterior cardinal vein were Prox1-positive. Some endothelial cells budding from the anterior cardinal vein were also Prox1-positive, which were located toward the outer margin ...
... co-expressed with Prox1 in LECs at all stages examined. As seen in Fig. 1A-C, a few endothelial cells lining the wall of the anterior cardinal vein were Prox1-positive. Some endothelial cells budding from the anterior cardinal vein were also Prox1-positive, which were located toward the outer margin ...
Plakoglobin domains that define its association with the
... acting with filamentous actin (Rimm et al., 1995) and indirectly through an interaction with α-actinin (Knudsen et al., 1995). In previous studies we have shown that a central domain of plakoglobin is required for its interactions with N-cadherin (Sacco et al., 1995). In this report we extend our st ...
... acting with filamentous actin (Rimm et al., 1995) and indirectly through an interaction with α-actinin (Knudsen et al., 1995). In previous studies we have shown that a central domain of plakoglobin is required for its interactions with N-cadherin (Sacco et al., 1995). In this report we extend our st ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... which bind Ca2+. It follows that low [Ca2+]e should make the cell wall more pliable and easily ruptured, whereas high concentrations should rigidify the wall and make it less plastic. It had become apparent in the mid to late fifties that modifying the [Ca2+]e produced a pronounced effect on cell gr ...
... which bind Ca2+. It follows that low [Ca2+]e should make the cell wall more pliable and easily ruptured, whereas high concentrations should rigidify the wall and make it less plastic. It had become apparent in the mid to late fifties that modifying the [Ca2+]e produced a pronounced effect on cell gr ...
Ma et al 2009 - HKUST Institutional Repository
... In zebrafish, the Blastula Period, which runs from the 128-cell stage to ~50% epiboly (i.e., ~2.25 – 5.25 hpf), has been described as a stage of “regional specification”, during which several key developmental events take place (Kane and Warga, 2004). Several imaging techniques have been used to vis ...
... In zebrafish, the Blastula Period, which runs from the 128-cell stage to ~50% epiboly (i.e., ~2.25 – 5.25 hpf), has been described as a stage of “regional specification”, during which several key developmental events take place (Kane and Warga, 2004). Several imaging techniques have been used to vis ...
Post-Translational Modifications of the TAK1-TAB Complex
... and cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and mediates a wide range of biological processes through activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. It is well established that activation status of TAK1 is tightly regulated by formin ...
... and cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and mediates a wide range of biological processes through activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. It is well established that activation status of TAK1 is tightly regulated by formin ...
Seifert et al Fgf8 Dev2009
... the cloacal membrane (Seifert et al., 2008). If endodermalectodermal signaling at the cloacal membrane is required for the activation of Fgf8, then one would expect embryos in which the cloacal endoderm fails to contact the ectoderm also to lack Fgf8 expression. We tested this hypothesis in Wnt5a–/– ...
... the cloacal membrane (Seifert et al., 2008). If endodermalectodermal signaling at the cloacal membrane is required for the activation of Fgf8, then one would expect embryos in which the cloacal endoderm fails to contact the ectoderm also to lack Fgf8 expression. We tested this hypothesis in Wnt5a–/– ...
Functional analysis of parvin and different modes of IPP
... adhesion, similar to ILK and PINCH mutants. Furthermore, the identical muscle phenotype of the triple mutant, which for the first time in any organism removed the entire IPP-complex function, genetically demonstrated that parvin, ILK and PINCH function synergistically. This is consistent with the ti ...
... adhesion, similar to ILK and PINCH mutants. Furthermore, the identical muscle phenotype of the triple mutant, which for the first time in any organism removed the entire IPP-complex function, genetically demonstrated that parvin, ILK and PINCH function synergistically. This is consistent with the ti ...
Receptor-regulated Dynamic S-Nitrosylation of Endothelial Nitric
... eNOS functions as an obligate homodimer through an association mediated by a cysteine-complexed Zn2⫹ (zinc-tetrathiolate) at the dimer interface (4 – 6). eNOS activity is regulated by several dynamic phosphorylations and protein-protein interactions (reviewed in Ref. 7) that can be modulated followi ...
... eNOS functions as an obligate homodimer through an association mediated by a cysteine-complexed Zn2⫹ (zinc-tetrathiolate) at the dimer interface (4 – 6). eNOS activity is regulated by several dynamic phosphorylations and protein-protein interactions (reviewed in Ref. 7) that can be modulated followi ...
Human Eosinophils from Transport-Mediated Release of Preformed
... in allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reactions in atopic subjects (15, 19), human blood-derived eosinophils are a major potential source of IL-4. Because eosinophils contain preformed IL-4, the mechanisms to mobilize IL-4 from specific granule storage sites for its extracellular release need to ...
... in allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reactions in atopic subjects (15, 19), human blood-derived eosinophils are a major potential source of IL-4. Because eosinophils contain preformed IL-4, the mechanisms to mobilize IL-4 from specific granule storage sites for its extracellular release need to ...
375 Na+/Ca2+ ANTIPORT IN THE MAMMALIAN HEART
... mechanisms generate the various isoforms of the antiporter found in different tissues. Analysis of genomic clones reveals the presence of two mutually exclusive exons (A and B) coding for segments of 34 (B) or 35 (A) amino acids between positions 570 and 604/5; the amino acid sequences in these two ...
... mechanisms generate the various isoforms of the antiporter found in different tissues. Analysis of genomic clones reveals the presence of two mutually exclusive exons (A and B) coding for segments of 34 (B) or 35 (A) amino acids between positions 570 and 604/5; the amino acid sequences in these two ...
Regional requirements for Dishevelled signaling during Xenopus
... dorsal marginal zone, but also in the ventral/lateral marginal zone. We also found that archenteron elongation was independent of Xdsh signaling during the second half of gastrulation. In embryos lacking Xdsh function, nearly half of the length of the late gastrula-stage archenteron was generated in ...
... dorsal marginal zone, but also in the ventral/lateral marginal zone. We also found that archenteron elongation was independent of Xdsh signaling during the second half of gastrulation. In embryos lacking Xdsh function, nearly half of the length of the late gastrula-stage archenteron was generated in ...
Auxin: The Growth Hormone - Roberto Cezar | Fisiologista Vegetal
... plants have been derived from similar studies in animals. In animals the chemical messengers that mediate intercellular communication are called hormones. Hormones interact with specific cellular proteins called receptors. Most animal hormones are synthesized and secreted in one part of the body and ...
... plants have been derived from similar studies in animals. In animals the chemical messengers that mediate intercellular communication are called hormones. Hormones interact with specific cellular proteins called receptors. Most animal hormones are synthesized and secreted in one part of the body and ...
Leukocyte lipid bodies — Biogenesis and functions in inflammation
... [21,22], and TIP 47 (tail-interacting protein of 47 kDa) [23]. These proteins have been implicated in lipid body assembly and biogenesis [21,22,24,25]. By using techniques of protein identification in subcellular lipid body-enriched fractionation combined with immunodetection of proteins by EM or li ...
... [21,22], and TIP 47 (tail-interacting protein of 47 kDa) [23]. These proteins have been implicated in lipid body assembly and biogenesis [21,22,24,25]. By using techniques of protein identification in subcellular lipid body-enriched fractionation combined with immunodetection of proteins by EM or li ...
Cohesin`s ATPase Activity Couples Cohesin Loading
... Cohesin’s ATPase Activity Enables Smc3 Acetylation ...
... Cohesin’s ATPase Activity Enables Smc3 Acetylation ...
Epithelium and mucus
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
Deficient FGF signaling causes optic nerve
... FGF signaling plays a pivotal role in eye development. Previous studies using in vitro chick models and systemic zebrafish mutants have suggested that FGF signaling is required for the patterning and specification of the optic vesicle, but due to a lack of genetic models, its role in mammalian retin ...
... FGF signaling plays a pivotal role in eye development. Previous studies using in vitro chick models and systemic zebrafish mutants have suggested that FGF signaling is required for the patterning and specification of the optic vesicle, but due to a lack of genetic models, its role in mammalian retin ...
The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes
... Genome-wide profiling of histone variants using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed that some histone variants decorate specific functional regions of the genome (Talbert and Henikoff, 2010). In yeast and animals, H2A.Z is enriched at transcriptional start s ...
... Genome-wide profiling of histone variants using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed that some histone variants decorate specific functional regions of the genome (Talbert and Henikoff, 2010). In yeast and animals, H2A.Z is enriched at transcriptional start s ...
The functional relationship between ectodermal and mesodermal
... varies between species. Some species utilize ectodermal stem cells, ectoteloblasts, while others do not. Moreover, the number of ectoteloblasts varies between species. Conservation of mesoderm segmentation is consistent with a critical developmental function, such as providing an instructive signal ...
... varies between species. Some species utilize ectodermal stem cells, ectoteloblasts, while others do not. Moreover, the number of ectoteloblasts varies between species. Conservation of mesoderm segmentation is consistent with a critical developmental function, such as providing an instructive signal ...
Lysis-deficient phages as novel therapeutic agents for controlling
... determination in clinical situations. A phage that kills the target cell but is incapable of host cell lysis would alleviate these concerns without compromising efficacy. Results: We developed a recombinant lysis-deficient Staphylococcus aureus phage P954, in which the endolysin gene was rendered no ...
... determination in clinical situations. A phage that kills the target cell but is incapable of host cell lysis would alleviate these concerns without compromising efficacy. Results: We developed a recombinant lysis-deficient Staphylococcus aureus phage P954, in which the endolysin gene was rendered no ...
Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... the plasma membrane. Two sites, one near the N terminus of β spectrin and one near the C terminus, were identified in binding studies with NaOH-stripped membranes from rat brain (Steiner and Bennett, 1988; Davis and Bennett, 1994; Lombardo et al., 1994). The discovery of these sites led to the hypot ...
... the plasma membrane. Two sites, one near the N terminus of β spectrin and one near the C terminus, were identified in binding studies with NaOH-stripped membranes from rat brain (Steiner and Bennett, 1988; Davis and Bennett, 1994; Lombardo et al., 1994). The discovery of these sites led to the hypot ...
RECENT ADVANCES IN COTTON FIBER DEVELOPMENT
... Transcriptional Regulation of Initiation Transcription is regulated by various small RNAs, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), as well as the activity of transcription factors. Small RNAs occur in size classes that regulate gene expression differently. siRNAs are predominantly 24 nucleotides lo ...
... Transcriptional Regulation of Initiation Transcription is regulated by various small RNAs, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), as well as the activity of transcription factors. Small RNAs occur in size classes that regulate gene expression differently. siRNAs are predominantly 24 nucleotides lo ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.