Cell wall synthesis is necessary for membrane dynamics during
... migration but blocked membrane fission (i.e. the detachment of the forespore from the mother cell; Fig. 4B, bottom images). When fosfomycin was added at different times after the start of sporulation, fosfomycin blocked engulfment membrane fission only if it was added before T3, but had no effect wh ...
... migration but blocked membrane fission (i.e. the detachment of the forespore from the mother cell; Fig. 4B, bottom images). When fosfomycin was added at different times after the start of sporulation, fosfomycin blocked engulfment membrane fission only if it was added before T3, but had no effect wh ...
On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions
... sufficient concentrations of reactants to forge the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry. The chemistry of what is known as the RNA-world could have taken place within these naturally forming, catalyticwalled compartments to give rise to replicating systems. Sufficient concentrations of prec ...
... sufficient concentrations of reactants to forge the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry. The chemistry of what is known as the RNA-world could have taken place within these naturally forming, catalyticwalled compartments to give rise to replicating systems. Sufficient concentrations of prec ...
In Vivo Release of Mitotic Silencing of Ribosomal Gene
... very sensitive to roscovitine (IC50 , 7 mM) when tested in vitro. However, because cdk2–cyclin E and cdk2–cyclin A are active at the G1/S transition and during S phase, respectively, the cdc2–cyclin B kinase is the only known kinase inhibited by roscovitine when mitotically synchronized cells are tr ...
... very sensitive to roscovitine (IC50 , 7 mM) when tested in vitro. However, because cdk2–cyclin E and cdk2–cyclin A are active at the G1/S transition and during S phase, respectively, the cdc2–cyclin B kinase is the only known kinase inhibited by roscovitine when mitotically synchronized cells are tr ...
genetic analysis of hormone signaling
... The simplest method to identify mutations in genes involved in hormone signaling is by assaying a mutagenized population for an altered response to supplied hormone. To be useful, a clear and reproducible response must occur in wildtype plants in the presence of the hormone. For example, ethylene ga ...
... The simplest method to identify mutations in genes involved in hormone signaling is by assaying a mutagenized population for an altered response to supplied hormone. To be useful, a clear and reproducible response must occur in wildtype plants in the presence of the hormone. For example, ethylene ga ...
Antiangiogenic Effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack Standardised Leaf
... tested against HUVECs and two cancer cell lines (HCT 116 and MDA-MB-231). Cell viability results show that FD extracts are not cytotoxic to HUVECs; according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) extracts with IC50 >20 µg mL-1 are not considered cytotoxic [19]. However, the extracts showed higher c ...
... tested against HUVECs and two cancer cell lines (HCT 116 and MDA-MB-231). Cell viability results show that FD extracts are not cytotoxic to HUVECs; according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) extracts with IC50 >20 µg mL-1 are not considered cytotoxic [19]. However, the extracts showed higher c ...
Colloidal Gold-Mediated Delivery of Bleomycin for Improved
... be nontoxic and nonimmunogenic [15–17]. The chemical and physical properties of GNPs are beneficial in transporting small molecules, including anticancer drugs. The size of GNPs can be tailored to take advantage of passive targeting into unhealthy tissues and enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) ...
... be nontoxic and nonimmunogenic [15–17]. The chemical and physical properties of GNPs are beneficial in transporting small molecules, including anticancer drugs. The size of GNPs can be tailored to take advantage of passive targeting into unhealthy tissues and enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) ...
Ebolavirus Proteins Suppress the Effects of Small
... evolved mechanisms to antagonize this form of antiviral immunity. To determine whether Ebolavirus (EBOV) counters RNAi by encoding suppressors of RNA silencing (SRSs), we screened all EBOV proteins using an RNAi assay initiated by exogenously delivered small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against either ...
... evolved mechanisms to antagonize this form of antiviral immunity. To determine whether Ebolavirus (EBOV) counters RNAi by encoding suppressors of RNA silencing (SRSs), we screened all EBOV proteins using an RNAi assay initiated by exogenously delivered small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against either ...
(6R)-hydroxy-BFA in tobacco and Arabidopsis
... cells of Arabidopsis (Geldner et al., 2003; Kleine-Vehn et al., 2008). The recycling compartment is presumably an early endosome (EE), and as such may be a domain of the TGN which, in plants, assumes the function of an EE (Richter et al., 2007; Robinson et al., 2008b). On the other hand, GNL1 locali ...
... cells of Arabidopsis (Geldner et al., 2003; Kleine-Vehn et al., 2008). The recycling compartment is presumably an early endosome (EE), and as such may be a domain of the TGN which, in plants, assumes the function of an EE (Richter et al., 2007; Robinson et al., 2008b). On the other hand, GNL1 locali ...
Secured cutting: controlling separase at the metaphase to anaphase
... subunits is also required for the activation of the APC/C complex (Kotani et al., 1999; Shteinberg et al., 1999). APC/C activation is also the entry point for the Mad2-dependent checkpoint pathway that monitors the bipolar attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle (Figure 2A; reviewed in Clar ...
... subunits is also required for the activation of the APC/C complex (Kotani et al., 1999; Shteinberg et al., 1999). APC/C activation is also the entry point for the Mad2-dependent checkpoint pathway that monitors the bipolar attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle (Figure 2A; reviewed in Clar ...
BEN/SC1/DM-GRASP Expression during Neuromuscular
... secondary antibodies were used, sections were processed with the ABC solution (1:100; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA), and peroxidase was revealed using diaminobenzidine as a chromogen. Muscle cells in vitro were visualized by their myosin content. Myosin detection on cultures was performed usi ...
... secondary antibodies were used, sections were processed with the ABC solution (1:100; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA), and peroxidase was revealed using diaminobenzidine as a chromogen. Muscle cells in vitro were visualized by their myosin content. Myosin detection on cultures was performed usi ...
Uncoupling insulin signalling by serine/threonine phosphorylation: a
... known to activate IKKβ. At the molecular level, inhibition of IKKβ prevents Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS proteins induced by a high-fat diet, TNFα or phosphatase inhibitors, whereas it improves insulin-stimulated Tyr phosphorylation of IRS proteins. Hence IKKβ might serve as a point of convergence ...
... known to activate IKKβ. At the molecular level, inhibition of IKKβ prevents Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS proteins induced by a high-fat diet, TNFα or phosphatase inhibitors, whereas it improves insulin-stimulated Tyr phosphorylation of IRS proteins. Hence IKKβ might serve as a point of convergence ...
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Sickle Erythrocyte
... endothelium is posited as a major determinant of intracapillary transit time and a modulator of vaso-occlusive complications!-6 In recent years, specific adhesion pathways between both microvascular and large vein endothelium and sickle erythrocytes have been elucidated in a number of independent st ...
... endothelium is posited as a major determinant of intracapillary transit time and a modulator of vaso-occlusive complications!-6 In recent years, specific adhesion pathways between both microvascular and large vein endothelium and sickle erythrocytes have been elucidated in a number of independent st ...
Incidence of Epstein–Barr virus in Syrian women with breast cancer
... cancer and T-cell/natural killer cell lymphoma.1,2 EBV-infect cells express a small subset of genes, including 6 nuclear antigens (EBNA-1, -2, -3A, -3B, -3C, and -LP), 3 latent membrane proteins (LMP-1, -2A, and -2B), 2 small noncoding RNAs (EBER-1 and 2), and BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BART).3 ...
... cancer and T-cell/natural killer cell lymphoma.1,2 EBV-infect cells express a small subset of genes, including 6 nuclear antigens (EBNA-1, -2, -3A, -3B, -3C, and -LP), 3 latent membrane proteins (LMP-1, -2A, and -2B), 2 small noncoding RNAs (EBER-1 and 2), and BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BART).3 ...
Extended PDF
... was seen in adjacent gfp cells (Figure 1Ca). However, after 30 min, gfp cells lying in proximity to gfp+ cells acquired a weak fluorescence signal (Figure 1Cb). The fluorescence intensity of gfp cells increased over time in a manner inversely proportional to their distance from the gfp+ cells, i. ...
... was seen in adjacent gfp cells (Figure 1Ca). However, after 30 min, gfp cells lying in proximity to gfp+ cells acquired a weak fluorescence signal (Figure 1Cb). The fluorescence intensity of gfp cells increased over time in a manner inversely proportional to their distance from the gfp+ cells, i. ...
Drosophila follicle cells are patterned by multiple
... expression of dskul in polar cells, Notch reporter levels were significantly elevated, both in the germarium and in stage 1-3 egg chambers. These observations indicate that Kul acts as an attenuator of Dl signaling in early-stage follicle cells. Interference with Kul function in this fashion thus pr ...
... expression of dskul in polar cells, Notch reporter levels were significantly elevated, both in the germarium and in stage 1-3 egg chambers. These observations indicate that Kul acts as an attenuator of Dl signaling in early-stage follicle cells. Interference with Kul function in this fashion thus pr ...
Coupling transcription, splicing and mRNA export
... the exosome and transcription elongation factors (Spt5 and Spt6) [22]. In this study, Lis and co-workers showed that the exosome physically associates with Spt5 and Spt6 and is recruited to actively transcribed genes, possibly by these proteins. Together, the new data suggest a model for how the e ...
... the exosome and transcription elongation factors (Spt5 and Spt6) [22]. In this study, Lis and co-workers showed that the exosome physically associates with Spt5 and Spt6 and is recruited to actively transcribed genes, possibly by these proteins. Together, the new data suggest a model for how the e ...
Transcriptome Analysis of Proliferating
... marked by a migration of nuclei to the chalazal region, leading to the formation of chalazal nodules and cysts. Toward the end of this phase, the endosperm consists of approximately 200 nucleocytoplasmic domains and the embryo reaches the globular stage of development. Phase 4 sees the initiation of ...
... marked by a migration of nuclei to the chalazal region, leading to the formation of chalazal nodules and cysts. Toward the end of this phase, the endosperm consists of approximately 200 nucleocytoplasmic domains and the embryo reaches the globular stage of development. Phase 4 sees the initiation of ...
Tamberg_BiolOpen2015 - Pitt Hopkins Research Foundation
... GFP was used as a control showing no activation of reporter lacZ and mimicking transgenic E-box activation by endogenous Da (Fig. 3A). Importantly, this control did not induce ectopic bristles or thorax defects (Fig. 3F). Dawt (Fig. 3B), DaD515G (Fig. 3C), DaA614V (Fig. 3M), and to a lesser extent T ...
... GFP was used as a control showing no activation of reporter lacZ and mimicking transgenic E-box activation by endogenous Da (Fig. 3A). Importantly, this control did not induce ectopic bristles or thorax defects (Fig. 3F). Dawt (Fig. 3B), DaD515G (Fig. 3C), DaA614V (Fig. 3M), and to a lesser extent T ...
Functional Analysis of the Cellulose Synthase
... many root hairs rupturing late in development. Remarkably, though, it was often the case that in CSLD2 mutants, tip growth would resume after rupturing of root hairs. In silico, semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and promoter-reporter construct analyses indicated that ...
... many root hairs rupturing late in development. Remarkably, though, it was often the case that in CSLD2 mutants, tip growth would resume after rupturing of root hairs. In silico, semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and promoter-reporter construct analyses indicated that ...
Apical constriction: A cell shape change that can
... Bottle cells in sea urchin embryos have a greater enrichment of apical arrays of F-actin than do other cells in the vegetal plate (Nakajima and Burke, 1996). Laser ablation of bottle cells interferes with normal invagination, whereas laser ablation of neighboring cells does not (Kimberly and Hardin, ...
... Bottle cells in sea urchin embryos have a greater enrichment of apical arrays of F-actin than do other cells in the vegetal plate (Nakajima and Burke, 1996). Laser ablation of bottle cells interferes with normal invagination, whereas laser ablation of neighboring cells does not (Kimberly and Hardin, ...
Expression of Recombinant Myelin
... of neurites and were transferred to either new neuronal cultures or to poly-Llysine-coated coverslips. To recover the Schwann cells from a culture, the neuronal cell bodies were first cut out, the culture was treated with collagenase (0.1%, 30 rain, 37°C) followed by trypsin (0.1%, 30 rain, 37°C), a ...
... of neurites and were transferred to either new neuronal cultures or to poly-Llysine-coated coverslips. To recover the Schwann cells from a culture, the neuronal cell bodies were first cut out, the culture was treated with collagenase (0.1%, 30 rain, 37°C) followed by trypsin (0.1%, 30 rain, 37°C), a ...
Plastid RNA polymerases - Journal of Experimental Botany
... Core complex Transcriptional activity in plastids was already reported in the 1960s (Kirk, 1964), but the nature of this activity remained obscure until molecular biology techniques allowed the sequencing of plastid genes (Hudson et al., 1988; Igloi et al., 1990). Nowadays, it is common knowledge th ...
... Core complex Transcriptional activity in plastids was already reported in the 1960s (Kirk, 1964), but the nature of this activity remained obscure until molecular biology techniques allowed the sequencing of plastid genes (Hudson et al., 1988; Igloi et al., 1990). Nowadays, it is common knowledge th ...
PDF
... causing a reversible redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER along with a reabsorption of the Golgi apparatus into the ER. We have recently demonstrated that BFA has a profound effect on the organisation of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells, and this is also reversible (Satiat-Jeunemaitre and ...
... causing a reversible redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER along with a reabsorption of the Golgi apparatus into the ER. We have recently demonstrated that BFA has a profound effect on the organisation of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells, and this is also reversible (Satiat-Jeunemaitre and ...
Evidence for an Outer Membrane
... This distribution suggested that secreted proteins might cross ...
... This distribution suggested that secreted proteins might cross ...