Dev Biol 364(2), 138-48. PDF
... the surface (Figs. 1I and L). The number of nuclei in Pk2 −/− embryos was significantly decreased compared with that in controls at the early blastocyst stage (Fig. 1M), indicating that the cell proliferation of Pk2 −/− embryos was arrested or cell death occurred. To test for cell death, we immunocyt ...
... the surface (Figs. 1I and L). The number of nuclei in Pk2 −/− embryos was significantly decreased compared with that in controls at the early blastocyst stage (Fig. 1M), indicating that the cell proliferation of Pk2 −/− embryos was arrested or cell death occurred. To test for cell death, we immunocyt ...
Correlating ribosome function with high
... Figure 1. The ribosome functional centers. (a) The two ribosomal subunits. Left: the small ribosomal subunit (T30S) [4]. The approximate positions of codon–anticodon interactions of A-, P- and E-tRNAs are shown and the main functional domains are indicated: H, head; L, latch; P, platform; S, shoulde ...
... Figure 1. The ribosome functional centers. (a) The two ribosomal subunits. Left: the small ribosomal subunit (T30S) [4]. The approximate positions of codon–anticodon interactions of A-, P- and E-tRNAs are shown and the main functional domains are indicated: H, head; L, latch; P, platform; S, shoulde ...
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined Regulatory Elements
... W1 and W2 from the parsley PR1 genes (Rushton et al., 1996), box S from the parsley ELI7 genes (Kirsch et al., 2000), a novel element called box D from the parsley PR2 gene (P.J. Rushton and K. Hahlbrock, unpublished results), and an element we termed the Gst1 box from the potato gst1 gene (Strittma ...
... W1 and W2 from the parsley PR1 genes (Rushton et al., 1996), box S from the parsley ELI7 genes (Kirsch et al., 2000), a novel element called box D from the parsley PR2 gene (P.J. Rushton and K. Hahlbrock, unpublished results), and an element we termed the Gst1 box from the potato gst1 gene (Strittma ...
Storage lipids of yeasts: a survey of nonpolar lipid metabolism in
... second enzyme of this kind is encoded by HFA1 which is responsible for the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity (Hoja et al., 2004). Despite overall sequence similarity between Acc1p and Hfa1p, the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase is not able to complement for the loss of activity in ac ...
... second enzyme of this kind is encoded by HFA1 which is responsible for the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity (Hoja et al., 2004). Despite overall sequence similarity between Acc1p and Hfa1p, the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase is not able to complement for the loss of activity in ac ...
The identification of transcription factors expressed in the notochord
... the expression patterns of seven transcription factor genes detected in the notochord of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis at various stages of embryonic development. Four of these transcription factors, Fos-a, NFAT5, AFF and Klf15, have not been directly associated with the notochord in previous stud ...
... the expression patterns of seven transcription factor genes detected in the notochord of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis at various stages of embryonic development. Four of these transcription factors, Fos-a, NFAT5, AFF and Klf15, have not been directly associated with the notochord in previous stud ...
Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration
... A severe reduction in cell number, however, occurs acutely after ischemic injury that inevitably results in scar formation not only in the heart but also in other organs, whether their parenchymal cells are highly proliferating, slowly cycling, or terminally differentiated (263, 280, 410, 512). The ...
... A severe reduction in cell number, however, occurs acutely after ischemic injury that inevitably results in scar formation not only in the heart but also in other organs, whether their parenchymal cells are highly proliferating, slowly cycling, or terminally differentiated (263, 280, 410, 512). The ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... Figure S5. AD1 is dynamically repartitioned out of membranes into the cyto/nucleoplasmic side. (A) A structural diagram of DsRed/N275/GFP. The triple sandwich fusion protein was engineered by inserting nucleotide sequences encoding N275 (retaining the N-terminal 275 amino acids of Nrf1) between the ...
... Figure S5. AD1 is dynamically repartitioned out of membranes into the cyto/nucleoplasmic side. (A) A structural diagram of DsRed/N275/GFP. The triple sandwich fusion protein was engineered by inserting nucleotide sequences encoding N275 (retaining the N-terminal 275 amino acids of Nrf1) between the ...
Monopolar spindle attachment of sister chromatids is ensured by two
... chromosomes. Through this study, we show that the monopolar attachment of sister chromatids is established by two distinct mechanisms: one is independent of homologous chromosomes while the other is dependent on the homologous chromosomes. We provide evidence that the co-operation of these two mecha ...
... chromosomes. Through this study, we show that the monopolar attachment of sister chromatids is established by two distinct mechanisms: one is independent of homologous chromosomes while the other is dependent on the homologous chromosomes. We provide evidence that the co-operation of these two mecha ...
Auxins in defense strategies
... Shishova & Lindberg 2004; Sauer & Kleine-Vehn 2011). ABP1 is associated to cell polarity-generating mechanism in which it activates Rho-GTPases involved in regulation of endocytosis and cytoskeleton reorganization (Xu et al. 2010). The loss of the single Arabidopsis ABP1 gene confers an embryo-letha ...
... Shishova & Lindberg 2004; Sauer & Kleine-Vehn 2011). ABP1 is associated to cell polarity-generating mechanism in which it activates Rho-GTPases involved in regulation of endocytosis and cytoskeleton reorganization (Xu et al. 2010). The loss of the single Arabidopsis ABP1 gene confers an embryo-letha ...
Structural Mechanisms for Regulation of Membrane
... evidently contribute to the etiology of choroideremia, a retinopathy linked to a loss of function mutation in the REP-1 isoform. In cells from patients with choroideremia, the majority of Rab27A is unprenylated suggesting that REP-2, which has lower affinity for Rab GTPases than REP-1, cannot compen ...
... evidently contribute to the etiology of choroideremia, a retinopathy linked to a loss of function mutation in the REP-1 isoform. In cells from patients with choroideremia, the majority of Rab27A is unprenylated suggesting that REP-2, which has lower affinity for Rab GTPases than REP-1, cannot compen ...
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: REGULATION Review Article (Medical Science)
... peptidoglycan precursor, along with cell wall degradation and turnover is essential in order to maintain cell shape. The main role of most cell wall targeted antibiotics is to disrupt or block peptidoglycan biosynthesis9. In S. aureus, a mobile genomic island that conta ...
... peptidoglycan precursor, along with cell wall degradation and turnover is essential in order to maintain cell shape. The main role of most cell wall targeted antibiotics is to disrupt or block peptidoglycan biosynthesis9. In S. aureus, a mobile genomic island that conta ...
Developmental Signaling by Noggin and Wnt in the Frog Xenopus
... resulting in the jaw deformities observed in mutants. Neural development in amphibians occurs as a two-step process. First, ectodermal precursors adopt a neural fate in the absence of Bmp signaling. A second signal is then required to pattern the anterior posterior neuraxis. Signaling through Fibrob ...
... resulting in the jaw deformities observed in mutants. Neural development in amphibians occurs as a two-step process. First, ectodermal precursors adopt a neural fate in the absence of Bmp signaling. A second signal is then required to pattern the anterior posterior neuraxis. Signaling through Fibrob ...
Adaptation of Microorganisms to Cold Temperatures, Weak Acid
... ABSTRACT: The application of physical stress to microorganisms is the most widely used method to induce cell inactivation and promote food stability. To survive, microorganisms have evolved both physiological and genetic mechanisms to tolerate some extreme physical conditions. This is clearly of sig ...
... ABSTRACT: The application of physical stress to microorganisms is the most widely used method to induce cell inactivation and promote food stability. To survive, microorganisms have evolved both physiological and genetic mechanisms to tolerate some extreme physical conditions. This is clearly of sig ...
Two Synechococcus genes, Two Different Effects on
... Abstract: Synechococcus is an abundant marine cyanobacterium that significantly contributes to primary production. Lytic phages are thought to have a major impact on cyanobacterial population dynamics and evolution. Previously, an investigation of the transcriptional response of three Synechococcus ...
... Abstract: Synechococcus is an abundant marine cyanobacterium that significantly contributes to primary production. Lytic phages are thought to have a major impact on cyanobacterial population dynamics and evolution. Previously, an investigation of the transcriptional response of three Synechococcus ...
Single-molecule insights into mRNA
... Since the first demonstration of single-molecule FISH [86], variations of FISH techniques have been used to detect individual transcripts with high accuracy (reviewed in [87]). Originally, five 50-nucleotide aminomodified oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), each of which directly labeled with five fluores ...
... Since the first demonstration of single-molecule FISH [86], variations of FISH techniques have been used to detect individual transcripts with high accuracy (reviewed in [87]). Originally, five 50-nucleotide aminomodified oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), each of which directly labeled with five fluores ...
Enhancement of Murine Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by
... (12, 13). Because it is weakly immunogenic and highly tumorigenic, the major biological characteristics mimicking that of human disease, JC is a more suitable model for experimental immunotherapy than other chemically or virally induced mam mary tumor models. Using JC as the target, we have demon st ...
... (12, 13). Because it is weakly immunogenic and highly tumorigenic, the major biological characteristics mimicking that of human disease, JC is a more suitable model for experimental immunotherapy than other chemically or virally induced mam mary tumor models. Using JC as the target, we have demon st ...
Exploring the Complement Interaction Network
... Elgue, Ekdahl, Sahu and Lambris 1998). Given its central role in the regulation of complement activation, it is not surprising that factor H (fH) has been investigated in large detail. This soluble plasma glycoprotein is mainly responsible for the down-regulation of complement activity on host surfa ...
... Elgue, Ekdahl, Sahu and Lambris 1998). Given its central role in the regulation of complement activation, it is not surprising that factor H (fH) has been investigated in large detail. This soluble plasma glycoprotein is mainly responsible for the down-regulation of complement activity on host surfa ...
Molecular Intercommunication between the Complement and
... agreement with previous findings (6) resulted in significant generation of C5a as detected by ELISA (Fig. 1D). In vitro cleavage of C3 and C5 by human FXa FXa, the junction of the extrinsic and intrinsic paths of the coagulation system, was evaluated for its capability to cleave C3. When human C3 an ...
... agreement with previous findings (6) resulted in significant generation of C5a as detected by ELISA (Fig. 1D). In vitro cleavage of C3 and C5 by human FXa FXa, the junction of the extrinsic and intrinsic paths of the coagulation system, was evaluated for its capability to cleave C3. When human C3 an ...
Unleashing the potential of the root hair cell as a
... was generated using our optimized protocol (dark bars) and the method provided by Wan et al. (2005) (light gray bars). For each experiment, a minimum of three biological replicates were performed and analyzed. The student t -test was applied to highlight significant differences between these two meth ...
... was generated using our optimized protocol (dark bars) and the method provided by Wan et al. (2005) (light gray bars). For each experiment, a minimum of three biological replicates were performed and analyzed. The student t -test was applied to highlight significant differences between these two meth ...
when to switch to flowering
... ■ Abstract At a certain stage in their life cycle, plants switch from vegetative to reproductive development. This transition is regulated by multiple developmental and environmental cues. These ensure that the plant switches to flowering at a time when sufficient internal resources have been accumu ...
... ■ Abstract At a certain stage in their life cycle, plants switch from vegetative to reproductive development. This transition is regulated by multiple developmental and environmental cues. These ensure that the plant switches to flowering at a time when sufficient internal resources have been accumu ...
ACTIN2 Is Essential for Bulge Site Selection and Tip Growth during
... Landsberg erecta at a similar frequency, two mapping populations were established. For the initial mapping, genomic DNA of 50 mutant F2 plants of both populations was extracted and analyzed with simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP; Bell and Ecker, 1994) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequen ...
... Landsberg erecta at a similar frequency, two mapping populations were established. For the initial mapping, genomic DNA of 50 mutant F2 plants of both populations was extracted and analyzed with simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP; Bell and Ecker, 1994) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequen ...
Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus
... synthetic polypeptide of pKi-67, and used at 1:150. Anti-PCNA (human polyclonal; Alpha labs, UK) was used at 1:10. AAC 15 (anticentromere) and AAC 22 (anti-ribonuclear protein) were obtained from the Protein Reference Unit, Royal Hallashamshire Hospital, Sheffield, and used at 1:200. L6 8A7 (a kind ...
... synthetic polypeptide of pKi-67, and used at 1:150. Anti-PCNA (human polyclonal; Alpha labs, UK) was used at 1:10. AAC 15 (anticentromere) and AAC 22 (anti-ribonuclear protein) were obtained from the Protein Reference Unit, Royal Hallashamshire Hospital, Sheffield, and used at 1:200. L6 8A7 (a kind ...
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... fixed at the free COOH and NH2 terminus. Anchor residues at position two or three and at the COOH-terminal residue pointing into the groove are also important for binding. The groove accommodates peptides with eight or nine residues in an extended conformation. The side chains between most of these ...
... fixed at the free COOH and NH2 terminus. Anchor residues at position two or three and at the COOH-terminal residue pointing into the groove are also important for binding. The groove accommodates peptides with eight or nine residues in an extended conformation. The side chains between most of these ...
Investigating the role of papain-like cysteine protease RD21 in plant
... 1.1. Classification and structure of papain-like cysteine proteases Proteases are grouped into families and clans in the MEROPS database based on structural and evolutionary criteria (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/, Rawlings et al., 2008). To date, 70 families belonging to 12 different clans are cystei ...
... 1.1. Classification and structure of papain-like cysteine proteases Proteases are grouped into families and clans in the MEROPS database based on structural and evolutionary criteria (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/, Rawlings et al., 2008). To date, 70 families belonging to 12 different clans are cystei ...
identification of a macrophage antigen
... In 1 experiment, Listeria monocytogenes were attached to culture dishes antigen by the macrophages to their ability to present immuusing poly-L-lysine. Tissue culture wells (1 6 mm diameter) were treated (1 nogeneic molecules to T cells. To this effect, we have used the hr, 20°C) with an aqueous sol ...
... In 1 experiment, Listeria monocytogenes were attached to culture dishes antigen by the macrophages to their ability to present immuusing poly-L-lysine. Tissue culture wells (1 6 mm diameter) were treated (1 nogeneic molecules to T cells. To this effect, we have used the hr, 20°C) with an aqueous sol ...