but Differ in Other Key Biological Activities Both Th1 and Th17 Are
... phenotype (see Materials and Methods). We examined each lineage for phenotypic purity by measuring the release into culture medium (Fig. 1A), intracellular production (Fig. 1B), and mRNA transcript levels (Fig. 1C) of the two signature cytokines, IFN-␥ and IL-17. All assays revealed high levels of p ...
... phenotype (see Materials and Methods). We examined each lineage for phenotypic purity by measuring the release into culture medium (Fig. 1A), intracellular production (Fig. 1B), and mRNA transcript levels (Fig. 1C) of the two signature cytokines, IFN-␥ and IL-17. All assays revealed high levels of p ...
Cytokinin Lecture
... Cytokinin receptor mutants are insensitive to cytokinen (and see affect of cytokinin oxidase over-expression). ...
... Cytokinin receptor mutants are insensitive to cytokinen (and see affect of cytokinin oxidase over-expression). ...
p53-associated 3 exonuclease activity in nuclear and cytoplasmic
... different nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution of p53. Nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts obtained from LCC2 cells (expressing a high level of cytoplasmic wild-type p53), MCF-7 cells (expressing a high level of wild-type nuclear p53), MDA cells (expressing mutant p53) and H1299 cells (p53-null) were subje ...
... different nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution of p53. Nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts obtained from LCC2 cells (expressing a high level of cytoplasmic wild-type p53), MCF-7 cells (expressing a high level of wild-type nuclear p53), MDA cells (expressing mutant p53) and H1299 cells (p53-null) were subje ...
Interferon Gamma-Treated Keratinocytes Activate T Cells in the
... the limitations with the keratinocytes as accessory cells, incubation of nominal antigen with MHC class II+ keratinocytes and T cells did not result in proliferation of T cells sensitized to the antigen. This is also shown in Fig 1, where counts per minute ofT cells and keratinocytes in the presence ...
... the limitations with the keratinocytes as accessory cells, incubation of nominal antigen with MHC class II+ keratinocytes and T cells did not result in proliferation of T cells sensitized to the antigen. This is also shown in Fig 1, where counts per minute ofT cells and keratinocytes in the presence ...
Exosome Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infection
... network (TGN), mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.), each performing specific and, in some cases, overlapping functions. Transport of materials (metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins) between organelles has been described to be mediated by vesicles of about 60–100 nm di ...
... network (TGN), mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.), each performing specific and, in some cases, overlapping functions. Transport of materials (metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins) between organelles has been described to be mediated by vesicles of about 60–100 nm di ...
Novel Filaments 5 nm in Diameter Constitute the
... filaments ⵑ5 nm in diameter (in negative images, the filament was observed as an electron-lucent structure) arranged uniformly in a line (Figure 4A; the belt of the ring was bent at the bottom). Two edges of the bundle were sharp, the filaments were arranged uniformly from edge to edge, and neither ...
... filaments ⵑ5 nm in diameter (in negative images, the filament was observed as an electron-lucent structure) arranged uniformly in a line (Figure 4A; the belt of the ring was bent at the bottom). Two edges of the bundle were sharp, the filaments were arranged uniformly from edge to edge, and neither ...
How to define flow cytometry ? Méthodes d’étude de la cellule
... Each fluorochrome is detected in a unique fluorescence optic channel: emitted light follows a specific path from the “interrogation point” to the ...
... Each fluorochrome is detected in a unique fluorescence optic channel: emitted light follows a specific path from the “interrogation point” to the ...
Differential Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
... of the DIA. Sepsis also triggered significant increase in the mRNA expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases involved in protein ubiquitination (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1). The relative induction of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression was stronger in the TA compared to the DIA. Sepsis was also associat ...
... of the DIA. Sepsis also triggered significant increase in the mRNA expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases involved in protein ubiquitination (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1). The relative induction of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression was stronger in the TA compared to the DIA. Sepsis was also associat ...
Arabidopsis Kinetochore Fiber-Associated MAP65-4
... attach the kinetochore MTs to a spindle pole body or a centrosome. Instead, pole focusing of the kinotochore fibers has been proposed to rely on minus end–directed motors that may form cross-links between individual MTs (Smirnova et al., 1998; Chen, 2002; Ambrose et al., 2005). Selective cross-linki ...
... attach the kinetochore MTs to a spindle pole body or a centrosome. Instead, pole focusing of the kinotochore fibers has been proposed to rely on minus end–directed motors that may form cross-links between individual MTs (Smirnova et al., 1998; Chen, 2002; Ambrose et al., 2005). Selective cross-linki ...
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... Fig. 1. Mapping of the half-baked locus. A: Mitotic map for Linkage Group 7 constructed from haploid analysis using a panel of 2,916 individuals. B: Mitotic map constructed from half-tetrad analysis using a panel of 125 individuals. Numbering begins at the centromere and proceeds along each arm. C: ...
... Fig. 1. Mapping of the half-baked locus. A: Mitotic map for Linkage Group 7 constructed from haploid analysis using a panel of 2,916 individuals. B: Mitotic map constructed from half-tetrad analysis using a panel of 125 individuals. Numbering begins at the centromere and proceeds along each arm. C: ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sex differences in renal
... calcium dependent (cNOS) while iNOS is calcium independent (ciNOS). The beneficial effect of NO in renal I/R injury has been shown by the protective effect of NO donors [55 –57]. Sex differences in NO have been shown in the kidney in different animal models [58 – 60]. Females have higher eNOS mRNA a ...
... calcium dependent (cNOS) while iNOS is calcium independent (ciNOS). The beneficial effect of NO in renal I/R injury has been shown by the protective effect of NO donors [55 –57]. Sex differences in NO have been shown in the kidney in different animal models [58 – 60]. Females have higher eNOS mRNA a ...
Understanding complex host-microbe interactions in hydra
... investigated Hydra species. Future efforts will be directed toward analyzing the performance of this new phenotype under different environmental conditions. Intriguingly, most of the antimicrobial peptide genes identified in Hydra as well as in other animals such as Drosophila or C. elegans, have no ...
... investigated Hydra species. Future efforts will be directed toward analyzing the performance of this new phenotype under different environmental conditions. Intriguingly, most of the antimicrobial peptide genes identified in Hydra as well as in other animals such as Drosophila or C. elegans, have no ...
Infectious particles, stress, and induced prion amyloids
... has also claimed in their abstract that infectivity “can be generated solely from… recPrP without any mammalian or synthetic cofactors”, but the experimental details show that a standard scrapie brain PrP-res preparation, known to contain infectivity (as well as nucleic acid), was added to seed this ...
... has also claimed in their abstract that infectivity “can be generated solely from… recPrP without any mammalian or synthetic cofactors”, but the experimental details show that a standard scrapie brain PrP-res preparation, known to contain infectivity (as well as nucleic acid), was added to seed this ...
Reduce Formation of SLP-76 Linker of Activated T Cells and SLP
... allows transcriptional activation of latent provirus and progression of the life cycle. However, activation-induced cell death after TCR engagement runs the risk of limiting the life span of productively infected cells and thus the amount of viral progeny produced. Consequently, HIV-1 encodes gene p ...
... allows transcriptional activation of latent provirus and progression of the life cycle. However, activation-induced cell death after TCR engagement runs the risk of limiting the life span of productively infected cells and thus the amount of viral progeny produced. Consequently, HIV-1 encodes gene p ...
A Role in Migration for the v 1 Integrin Expressed on
... (Paterson et al., 1973) and migrates during development to produce the widespread distribution of differentiated oligodendrocytes seen in the mature animal. Direct evidence for this migration has come from two sets of in vivo studies. First, cells labeled with a lac-Z reporter gene while in the subv ...
... (Paterson et al., 1973) and migrates during development to produce the widespread distribution of differentiated oligodendrocytes seen in the mature animal. Direct evidence for this migration has come from two sets of in vivo studies. First, cells labeled with a lac-Z reporter gene while in the subv ...
1-Syntrophin Mutations Identified in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
... series-resistance compensation. Membrane current data were digitalized at 100 kHz, low-pass filtered at 5 kHz, and then normalized to membrane capacitance. Activation was measured by clamp steps of ⫺120 to 60 mV in 10 mV increments from a holding potential of ⫺140 mV. The midpoint of activation was ...
... series-resistance compensation. Membrane current data were digitalized at 100 kHz, low-pass filtered at 5 kHz, and then normalized to membrane capacitance. Activation was measured by clamp steps of ⫺120 to 60 mV in 10 mV increments from a holding potential of ⫺140 mV. The midpoint of activation was ...
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... cells is controlled via several molecular mechanisms17. In many systems, components of the cell cytoskeleton play a central role in this process. We assessed mitochondrial morphology in response to treatment with the microtubule destabilization agent Oryzalin. Fixed cell microscopy showed that while ...
... cells is controlled via several molecular mechanisms17. In many systems, components of the cell cytoskeleton play a central role in this process. We assessed mitochondrial morphology in response to treatment with the microtubule destabilization agent Oryzalin. Fixed cell microscopy showed that while ...
A Role for the Cytoskeleton in Heart Looping
... The shaping of tissues during organ development requires cell migrations, cell shape changes, and bending of epithelial sheets to form tubular structures that, in turn, undergo subsequent morphogenetic movements until the final shape of the organ is achieved[30,31]. These described morphogenetic cha ...
... The shaping of tissues during organ development requires cell migrations, cell shape changes, and bending of epithelial sheets to form tubular structures that, in turn, undergo subsequent morphogenetic movements until the final shape of the organ is achieved[30,31]. These described morphogenetic cha ...
Kidins220/ARMS downregulation by excitotoxic activation of
... synaptogenesis and synaptic activity, as well as crucial death and survival choices. These activities require specialized signaling pathways generally initiated by activation of membrane receptors. Neurotrophin and ephrin receptors [tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) and Eph, respectively], and those ...
... synaptogenesis and synaptic activity, as well as crucial death and survival choices. These activities require specialized signaling pathways generally initiated by activation of membrane receptors. Neurotrophin and ephrin receptors [tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) and Eph, respectively], and those ...
In cellulo Evaluation of Phototransformation Quantum - HAL
... pcDronpa2 [17] and their variants has been well characterized, involving a light-induced breakage of the protein backbone next to the chromophore which results in irreversible elongation of its electron conjugation through a b-elimination reaction [16,34,40,41]. In contrast, the precise blinking and ...
... pcDronpa2 [17] and their variants has been well characterized, involving a light-induced breakage of the protein backbone next to the chromophore which results in irreversible elongation of its electron conjugation through a b-elimination reaction [16,34,40,41]. In contrast, the precise blinking and ...
Yeast secretory expression of insulin precursors
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
Abstract Panax ginseng Meyer, belonging to the genus Panax of the
... carbohydrate-binding specificities [43]. Animal lectins were discovered before plant lectins, although many were not recognized as carbohydrate binding proteins for many years after first being reported [44]. Although plant and animal lectins do not have homologous primary structures, they have sim ...
... carbohydrate-binding specificities [43]. Animal lectins were discovered before plant lectins, although many were not recognized as carbohydrate binding proteins for many years after first being reported [44]. Although plant and animal lectins do not have homologous primary structures, they have sim ...
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
