Organisation of Xenopus oocyte and egg cortices
... mRNAs is their accumulation in a wedge-shaped cytoplasmic region between the GV and the newly established germ plasm patch on the cortex. This region is rich in Vera, apparently associating with a subpopulation of the oocyte’s ER (Deshler et al., 1997; Kloc and Etkin, 1998). The RNAs subsequently ac ...
... mRNAs is their accumulation in a wedge-shaped cytoplasmic region between the GV and the newly established germ plasm patch on the cortex. This region is rich in Vera, apparently associating with a subpopulation of the oocyte’s ER (Deshler et al., 1997; Kloc and Etkin, 1998). The RNAs subsequently ac ...
The green fluorescent protein: discovery
... of specific protein pools after photo-bleaching or photo activation of GFP molecules. These methods have made it possible to measure the kinetics, pool sizes and residence times of proteins moving between different subcellular sites. GFP has been used to study membrane-bound organelles, and one key ...
... of specific protein pools after photo-bleaching or photo activation of GFP molecules. These methods have made it possible to measure the kinetics, pool sizes and residence times of proteins moving between different subcellular sites. GFP has been used to study membrane-bound organelles, and one key ...
Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi
... biosynthesis pathway is assessed and its link with cell-wall synthesis is emphasised. Strong evidence is emerging that, in some species, ascorbate is the major precursor of oxalate and could be linked to calcium homeostasis. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) mediates the scavenging of HZ02 by ascorbate. Ic ...
... biosynthesis pathway is assessed and its link with cell-wall synthesis is emphasised. Strong evidence is emerging that, in some species, ascorbate is the major precursor of oxalate and could be linked to calcium homeostasis. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) mediates the scavenging of HZ02 by ascorbate. Ic ...
University of Groningen The functional relationship between
... 2. Bile salt physiology Bile salt synthesis A major function of the liver is the production of bile, which aids in the digestion of fat-soluble nutrients and the excretion of (fat-soluble) waste products and toxins. The functional compounds in bile are bile salts and phospholipids. After secretion i ...
... 2. Bile salt physiology Bile salt synthesis A major function of the liver is the production of bile, which aids in the digestion of fat-soluble nutrients and the excretion of (fat-soluble) waste products and toxins. The functional compounds in bile are bile salts and phospholipids. After secretion i ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... recognize and bind short motifs at the carboxyl termini of proteins (but may bind other motifs as well). PDZ domains can also form dimers. The third domain, called DEP, is conserved among a set of proteins that have in common the ability to regulate various GTPases, including both heterotrimeric G p ...
... recognize and bind short motifs at the carboxyl termini of proteins (but may bind other motifs as well). PDZ domains can also form dimers. The third domain, called DEP, is conserved among a set of proteins that have in common the ability to regulate various GTPases, including both heterotrimeric G p ...
HOLINS: The Protein Clocks of Bacteriophage Infections
... structurally other than that all three are monomeric, globular, and, at ∼18 kDa, relatively small (23, 30, 92). Recently, mosaicism within endolysin genes has been documented in a Staphylococcus phage, where different murein-binding domains and two muralytic activities were found in endolysins rangi ...
... structurally other than that all three are monomeric, globular, and, at ∼18 kDa, relatively small (23, 30, 92). Recently, mosaicism within endolysin genes has been documented in a Staphylococcus phage, where different murein-binding domains and two muralytic activities were found in endolysins rangi ...
Cytoplasmic and cortical reorganizations of the ascidian zygote
... pronounced contraction poles or vegetal buttons were selected. For the ablations we used hand-pulled 100 µl pipettes with fine tips, attached to mouth pipettes. A Singer micromanipulator was used to position the micropipette under a stereomicroscope. Eggs were oriented with the contraction pole or v ...
... pronounced contraction poles or vegetal buttons were selected. For the ablations we used hand-pulled 100 µl pipettes with fine tips, attached to mouth pipettes. A Singer micromanipulator was used to position the micropipette under a stereomicroscope. Eggs were oriented with the contraction pole or v ...
Maltose uptake and its regulation in Bacillus subtilis
... potential energy stored in the cell. Proton symport systems utilise the trattsmembrane proton gradient, which is stored across the cell membrane, as the driving force [I]. These transport systems are therefore particularly sensitive to the effects of uncouplers, such as tetrachlorosalicylap, i',!de ...
... potential energy stored in the cell. Proton symport systems utilise the trattsmembrane proton gradient, which is stored across the cell membrane, as the driving force [I]. These transport systems are therefore particularly sensitive to the effects of uncouplers, such as tetrachlorosalicylap, i',!de ...
Acute Knockdown of Uncoupling Protein-2 Increases Uncoupling via the Adenine
... of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane lowers the membrane potential and limits superoxide formation. However, O2 consumption required for proton transport uncoupled from ATP production will be added to that required for oxidative phosphorylation and therefore increases total O2 consumpt ...
... of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane lowers the membrane potential and limits superoxide formation. However, O2 consumption required for proton transport uncoupled from ATP production will be added to that required for oxidative phosphorylation and therefore increases total O2 consumpt ...
Role of Template Activating Factor-I as a
... Fig. 2. In vitro linker histone chaperone activity of TAF-I. (A) Purified recombinant proteins. Recombinant GST, GST–TAF-Ib, His–H1.1 proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NC ...
... Fig. 2. In vitro linker histone chaperone activity of TAF-I. (A) Purified recombinant proteins. Recombinant GST, GST–TAF-Ib, His–H1.1 proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NC ...
Auxin transport – shaping the plant
... their polarity, which results in the lateral transport of auxin [27]; and experiments in which auxin ef¯ux has been disrupted have indeed suggested that auxin transport mediates the lateral distribution of auxin [10,29]. The search for molecular support for this concept brought about the identi®ca ...
... their polarity, which results in the lateral transport of auxin [27]; and experiments in which auxin ef¯ux has been disrupted have indeed suggested that auxin transport mediates the lateral distribution of auxin [10,29]. The search for molecular support for this concept brought about the identi®ca ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... Elongating root hairs. In elongating cress root hairs, the immuno¯uorescently labeled diuse actin cap is more prominent and appears to be separated from the axially oriented bundles of actin MFs by a gap zone with strongly reduced or even absent actin immuno¯uorescence (Fig. 6A). Although such a ga ...
... Elongating root hairs. In elongating cress root hairs, the immuno¯uorescently labeled diuse actin cap is more prominent and appears to be separated from the axially oriented bundles of actin MFs by a gap zone with strongly reduced or even absent actin immuno¯uorescence (Fig. 6A). Although such a ga ...
QNQKE Targeting Motif for the SMN-Gemin Multiprotein Complex in Neurons *
... In this experiment, the nucleus was stained with DAPI and clearly shows the accumulation of SMN1–6 in the nucleus (Suppl. Fig. 1F,I), in comparison with full-length SMN and SMN1–6 + QNQKE (Suppl. Fig. 1A,K). Collectively, these two experiments, using different fluorescent tags and different neurons, ...
... In this experiment, the nucleus was stained with DAPI and clearly shows the accumulation of SMN1–6 in the nucleus (Suppl. Fig. 1F,I), in comparison with full-length SMN and SMN1–6 + QNQKE (Suppl. Fig. 1A,K). Collectively, these two experiments, using different fluorescent tags and different neurons, ...
Biology I End-of-Course
... on how quickly photosynthesis is occurring in each plant. B. The temperature of water in each aquarium This answer is not correct. The temperature of the water can change the rate of photosynthesis, but measuring the water temperature would not provide the most information on the rate of photosynthe ...
... on how quickly photosynthesis is occurring in each plant. B. The temperature of water in each aquarium This answer is not correct. The temperature of the water can change the rate of photosynthesis, but measuring the water temperature would not provide the most information on the rate of photosynthe ...
The Role of Pollen Tube Reception in Reproductive Isolation
... Pollen tube reception is an important species-recognition step during plant fertilization, because it enables the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to directly communicate with the male gametophyte (pollen tube). This cross-talk allows the embryo sac to discriminate between a pollen tube from the same ...
... Pollen tube reception is an important species-recognition step during plant fertilization, because it enables the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to directly communicate with the male gametophyte (pollen tube). This cross-talk allows the embryo sac to discriminate between a pollen tube from the same ...
Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... There are also direct interactions between β spectrin and the plasma membrane. Two sites, one near the N terminus of β spectrin and one near the C terminus, were identified in binding studies with NaOH-stripped membranes from rat brain (Steiner and Bennett, 1988; Davis and Bennett, 1994; Lombardo et ...
... There are also direct interactions between β spectrin and the plasma membrane. Two sites, one near the N terminus of β spectrin and one near the C terminus, were identified in binding studies with NaOH-stripped membranes from rat brain (Steiner and Bennett, 1988; Davis and Bennett, 1994; Lombardo et ...
Aluminium Tolerance Mechanisms in Brachiaria sp. CATALINA ARROYAVE QUICENO
... The phytotoxic Al3+ is the hardest Lewis acid among other trivalent metal cations such as La3+, Cr3+ or Ga3+. Hard Lewis acids are characterized by a low covalent and a high ionic index. Despite the fact that Al is the most abundant metal on earth, so far there is no recognized biological function f ...
... The phytotoxic Al3+ is the hardest Lewis acid among other trivalent metal cations such as La3+, Cr3+ or Ga3+. Hard Lewis acids are characterized by a low covalent and a high ionic index. Despite the fact that Al is the most abundant metal on earth, so far there is no recognized biological function f ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 5mb ) - EUR RePub
... Shown is a eukaryotic cell in which the various pathways to lysosomal (protein) breakdown (their names are italicized), that are discussed in the text, are active. The directions of these routes to lysosomes are indicated with open arrows. Newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes are delivered to endosom ...
... Shown is a eukaryotic cell in which the various pathways to lysosomal (protein) breakdown (their names are italicized), that are discussed in the text, are active. The directions of these routes to lysosomes are indicated with open arrows. Newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes are delivered to endosom ...
Direct interaction of iron-regulated surface
... surface determinant (Isd) proteins to capture haem from haemoglobin and transport it into the cell (Skaar et al., 2004; Skaar & Schneewind, 2004). Two of the Isd proteins, IsdA and IsdH, are known to have other biological functions. IsdA interacts with an array of host proteins, and expression of Is ...
... surface determinant (Isd) proteins to capture haem from haemoglobin and transport it into the cell (Skaar et al., 2004; Skaar & Schneewind, 2004). Two of the Isd proteins, IsdA and IsdH, are known to have other biological functions. IsdA interacts with an array of host proteins, and expression of Is ...
Investigations on Mitochondrial Pleomorphy and
... fluctuations in light, sugar and O2. Light and sugar are shown to induce fission whereas a greento-red photo-convertible mEos fluorescent protein targeted to mitochondria (mitoEos) reveals that hypoxia induces fusion, leading to giant mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shown to be a med ...
... fluctuations in light, sugar and O2. Light and sugar are shown to induce fission whereas a greento-red photo-convertible mEos fluorescent protein targeted to mitochondria (mitoEos) reveals that hypoxia induces fusion, leading to giant mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shown to be a med ...