Stem Cell - Active Motif
... and adult organism, and function primarily in the maintenance, repair and regeneration of tissue and organs. iPSCs are pluripotent stem cells that are artificially derived when adult somatic cells are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell phenotype. A stem cell’s decision whether to mai ...
... and adult organism, and function primarily in the maintenance, repair and regeneration of tissue and organs. iPSCs are pluripotent stem cells that are artificially derived when adult somatic cells are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell phenotype. A stem cell’s decision whether to mai ...
Embryonic Stem Cells: from Blastocyst to in vitro Differentiation
... In according to their source, stem cells are categorized in embryonic or adult (Fig. 1): ...
... In according to their source, stem cells are categorized in embryonic or adult (Fig. 1): ...
BACULOVIRUS MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF INFECTIOUS
... to perform due to the lack of IMNV full-length cDNA clone and unavailability of a shrimp cell line. This consequently hinders in vitro molecular studies of the virus infection. This study aims to construct full-length cDNA clones of IMNV and test for their infectivity in an insect cell line using re ...
... to perform due to the lack of IMNV full-length cDNA clone and unavailability of a shrimp cell line. This consequently hinders in vitro molecular studies of the virus infection. This study aims to construct full-length cDNA clones of IMNV and test for their infectivity in an insect cell line using re ...
Chordate ancestry of the neural crest: New insights from ascidians
... a common origin of urochordate NCLC and vertebrate NC cells. To distinguish between these possibilities, the HNK-1 marker was used to survey NCLC in diverse species distributed among the three ascidian suborders [58]. HNK-1 stained cells were observed in 3 aplousobranchs, 2 phlebobranchs, and 6 stol ...
... a common origin of urochordate NCLC and vertebrate NC cells. To distinguish between these possibilities, the HNK-1 marker was used to survey NCLC in diverse species distributed among the three ascidian suborders [58]. HNK-1 stained cells were observed in 3 aplousobranchs, 2 phlebobranchs, and 6 stol ...
ch_19_lecture_presentation
... 1. Myeloid stem cells become RBCs, some WBCs 2. Lymphoid stem cells become lymphocytes © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 19-3 Red Blood Cells • Stages of RBC Maturation • Myeloid stem cell • Proerythroblast • Erythroblasts • Reticulocyte • Mature RBC 19-3 Red Blood Cells • Regulation of Erythropoiesis ...
... 1. Myeloid stem cells become RBCs, some WBCs 2. Lymphoid stem cells become lymphocytes © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 19-3 Red Blood Cells • Stages of RBC Maturation • Myeloid stem cell • Proerythroblast • Erythroblasts • Reticulocyte • Mature RBC 19-3 Red Blood Cells • Regulation of Erythropoiesis ...
KLF4 N-Terminal Variance Modulates Induced Reprogramming to
... role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual (monocistronic) reprogramming factor (Brambrink et al ...
... role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual (monocistronic) reprogramming factor (Brambrink et al ...
File
... Humans, like almost all multicellular organisms, are collections of specialized cells that work together. These cells arise from a single cell, the zygote, which is formed by the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote divides and differentiates into more than 200 different types of human cells. The ...
... Humans, like almost all multicellular organisms, are collections of specialized cells that work together. These cells arise from a single cell, the zygote, which is formed by the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote divides and differentiates into more than 200 different types of human cells. The ...
Respiratory
... 6. Heat dissipation – as noted previously, cellular respiration is relatively inefficient with approximately two-thirds of the energy released dissipated as heat; this heat must be disposed. In humans, the circulatory, respiratory and integumentary systems act in concert to perform this important fu ...
... 6. Heat dissipation – as noted previously, cellular respiration is relatively inefficient with approximately two-thirds of the energy released dissipated as heat; this heat must be disposed. In humans, the circulatory, respiratory and integumentary systems act in concert to perform this important fu ...
telomeres and telomerase
... showing pictures of them on her slideshow, then thanking them. She takes this time to acknowledge them for giving her the information she will be discussing in her presentation. Her presentation begins with a statement that says, “Elderly subjects demonstrating exceptional longevity have generally b ...
... showing pictures of them on her slideshow, then thanking them. She takes this time to acknowledge them for giving her the information she will be discussing in her presentation. Her presentation begins with a statement that says, “Elderly subjects demonstrating exceptional longevity have generally b ...
Chapter 17: Cellular Mechanisms of Development
... and animals share many key elements. However, the mechanisms used to achieve body form are quite different. While animal cells follow an orchestrated series of movements during development, plant cells are encased within stiff cellulose walls, and, therefore, cannot move. Each cell in a plant is fix ...
... and animals share many key elements. However, the mechanisms used to achieve body form are quite different. While animal cells follow an orchestrated series of movements during development, plant cells are encased within stiff cellulose walls, and, therefore, cannot move. Each cell in a plant is fix ...
Xenotransplantation
... flourish and spread inside the body of the patient. The transplanted organ can contain “dormant” viruses in the form of retroviruses, which can lie hidden in the donor’s DNA. Therefore, it is not only the known active viruses that can give rise to problems, but also unknown viruses which might have ...
... flourish and spread inside the body of the patient. The transplanted organ can contain “dormant” viruses in the form of retroviruses, which can lie hidden in the donor’s DNA. Therefore, it is not only the known active viruses that can give rise to problems, but also unknown viruses which might have ...
Summary/Reflection of Dan Freedman`s article, Science Education
... Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function. a. Animal tissues are organized into four general categories: 1) Epithelial tissue (outer skin layers and internal protective coverings) 2) Connective tissue (bone, cartilage, blood) ...
... Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function. a. Animal tissues are organized into four general categories: 1) Epithelial tissue (outer skin layers and internal protective coverings) 2) Connective tissue (bone, cartilage, blood) ...
Home Stem Cell Basics
... differentiation of adult stem cells can be controlled in the laboratory, these cells may become the basis of therapies for many serious common diseases. The history of research on adult stem cells began about 40 years ago. In the 1960s, researchers discovered that the bone marrow contains at least t ...
... differentiation of adult stem cells can be controlled in the laboratory, these cells may become the basis of therapies for many serious common diseases. The history of research on adult stem cells began about 40 years ago. In the 1960s, researchers discovered that the bone marrow contains at least t ...
An Introduction to Blood and the Cardiovascular System
... 1. Myeloid stem cells become RBCs, some WBCs 2. Lymphoid stem cells become lymphocytes ...
... 1. Myeloid stem cells become RBCs, some WBCs 2. Lymphoid stem cells become lymphocytes ...
respiratory system
... continuously removed by macrophages and replaced by type II cells. (Hyaline membrane disease in newborns is due to insufficient surfactant production, so that the alveoli have difficulty in expanding. Emphysema results from destruction of the alveolar wall, with subsequent reduction in the respirato ...
... continuously removed by macrophages and replaced by type II cells. (Hyaline membrane disease in newborns is due to insufficient surfactant production, so that the alveoli have difficulty in expanding. Emphysema results from destruction of the alveolar wall, with subsequent reduction in the respirato ...
Animal Primary Tissues
... bers are the third type of protein ber found in connective tissues. This ber consists of thin strands of collagen that form a network of bers to support the tissue and other organs to which it is connected. The various types of connective tissues, the types of cells and bers they are made of, a ...
... bers are the third type of protein ber found in connective tissues. This ber consists of thin strands of collagen that form a network of bers to support the tissue and other organs to which it is connected. The various types of connective tissues, the types of cells and bers they are made of, a ...
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
... Each alveoli wall usually lies between two neighbouring alveoli and is called an inter-alveolar septum. An alveolar septum consists of two thin squamous epithelial layers between which lie capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic and reticular fibers and macrophages. The capillaries and the connectiv ...
... Each alveoli wall usually lies between two neighbouring alveoli and is called an inter-alveolar septum. An alveolar septum consists of two thin squamous epithelial layers between which lie capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic and reticular fibers and macrophages. The capillaries and the connectiv ...
chapter 9 telomeres and telomerase in adult stem cells and
... shorten with aging seems to vary between men and women and can be influenced by factors considered to accelerate aging and to be a risk of premature death, such as perceived stress, smoking and obesity, all of which have been proposed to negatively impact on telomere length.1‑4 Telomere shortening i ...
... shorten with aging seems to vary between men and women and can be influenced by factors considered to accelerate aging and to be a risk of premature death, such as perceived stress, smoking and obesity, all of which have been proposed to negatively impact on telomere length.1‑4 Telomere shortening i ...
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
... Each alveoli wall usually lies between two neighbouring alveoli and is called an inter-alveolar septum. An alveolar septum consists of two thin squamous epithelial layers between which lie capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic and reticular fibers and macrophages. The capillaries and the connectiv ...
... Each alveoli wall usually lies between two neighbouring alveoli and is called an inter-alveolar septum. An alveolar septum consists of two thin squamous epithelial layers between which lie capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic and reticular fibers and macrophages. The capillaries and the connectiv ...
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
... Each alveoli wall usually lies between two neighbouring alveoli and is called an inter-alveolar septum. An alveolar septum consists of two thin squamous epithelial layers between which lie capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic and reticular fibers and macrophages. The capillaries and the connectiv ...
... Each alveoli wall usually lies between two neighbouring alveoli and is called an inter-alveolar septum. An alveolar septum consists of two thin squamous epithelial layers between which lie capillaries, fibroblasts, elastic and reticular fibers and macrophages. The capillaries and the connectiv ...
Comparing The Effects of Small Molecules BIX
... primary human fibroblasts could be reprogrammed at a rate which is 10- to 20-fold higher than previously reported efficiencies (9). Melton and colleagues demonstrated that in the presence of VPA, two factors (Oct4 and Sox2) were able to reprogram human fibroblasts and the efficiency was similar to t ...
... primary human fibroblasts could be reprogrammed at a rate which is 10- to 20-fold higher than previously reported efficiencies (9). Melton and colleagues demonstrated that in the presence of VPA, two factors (Oct4 and Sox2) were able to reprogram human fibroblasts and the efficiency was similar to t ...
Early Development of Vertebrates
... Right-Left Axis Right-Left Asymmetry, e.g. heart lungs spleen liver intestines Two levels of regulation Organ-specific: - situs inversus viscerum (iv) gene (dynein – motor protein) - mutations cause randomized L-R asymmetry for each organ - causes problems (sometimes fatal) Global: - inversion of e ...
... Right-Left Axis Right-Left Asymmetry, e.g. heart lungs spleen liver intestines Two levels of regulation Organ-specific: - situs inversus viscerum (iv) gene (dynein – motor protein) - mutations cause randomized L-R asymmetry for each organ - causes problems (sometimes fatal) Global: - inversion of e ...
Success Criteria – Multicellular Organisms 2. Stem cells and
... 22. Know that most characteristics are coded for by more than one gene, and are said to be polygenic. 23. Know that most features of an individual phenotype are polygenic and show continuous variation. 24. Carry out a monohybrid cross from parents through to F2 generation. 25. Know that if a homozyg ...
... 22. Know that most characteristics are coded for by more than one gene, and are said to be polygenic. 23. Know that most features of an individual phenotype are polygenic and show continuous variation. 24. Carry out a monohybrid cross from parents through to F2 generation. 25. Know that if a homozyg ...
Animal Form and Function
... cells contain hemoglobin, iron-containing proteins to which O2 bonds. 7. Diffusion between blood and cells. Blood capillaries permeate the body. Oxygen diffuses out of the red blood cells, across blood capillary walls, into interstitial fluids (the fluids surrounding the cells), and across cell memb ...
... cells contain hemoglobin, iron-containing proteins to which O2 bonds. 7. Diffusion between blood and cells. Blood capillaries permeate the body. Oxygen diffuses out of the red blood cells, across blood capillary walls, into interstitial fluids (the fluids surrounding the cells), and across cell memb ...
Heart regeneration
... that a more recent study has called into question the effects of periostin on cell-cycle activity or cardiac repair21.) A recent study of the mitogenic effects of NRG1 showed that simple systemic injection of this growth factor into adult mice enhanced infarct scar shrinkage and improved mechanical ...
... that a more recent study has called into question the effects of periostin on cell-cycle activity or cardiac repair21.) A recent study of the mitogenic effects of NRG1 showed that simple systemic injection of this growth factor into adult mice enhanced infarct scar shrinkage and improved mechanical ...
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka’s lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon ""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent."" Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine. Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic, and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease.The most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. However, since the generation of embryonic stem cells involves destruction (or at least manipulation) of the pre-implantation stage embryo, there has been much controversy surrounding their use. Further, because embryonic stem cells can only be derived from embryos, it has so far not been feasible to create patient-matched embryonic stem cell lines.Since iPSCs can be derived directly from adult tissues, they not only bypass the need for embryos, but can be made in a patient-matched manner, which means that each individual could have their own pluripotent stem cell line. These unlimited supplies of autologous cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection. While the iPSC technology has not yet advanced to a stage where therapeutic transplants have been deemed safe, iPSCs are readily being used in personalized drug discovery efforts and understanding the patient-specific basis of disease.Depending on the methods used, reprogramming of adult cells to obtain iPSCs may pose significant risks that could limit their use in humans. For example, if viruses are used to genomically alter the cells, the expression of oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) may potentially be triggered. In February 2008, scientists announced the discovery of a technique that could remove oncogenes after the induction of pluripotency, thereby increasing the potential use of iPS cells in human diseases. In April 2009, it was demonstrated that generation of iPS cells is possible without any genetic alteration of the adult cell: a repeated treatment of the cells with certain proteins channeled into the cells via poly-arginine anchors was sufficient to induce pluripotency. The acronym given for those iPSCs is piPSCs (protein-induced pluripotent stem cells).