Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae. PNAS 105 , 10017-10022.
... vessel wall to reach the site of injury (1). The ability of blood cells to bind directly to ‘‘damaged self’’ tissue has been hypothesized to be an ancestral function of the immune system (2) but has not been studied extensively in organisms that possess only an innate immune system or simple open ci ...
... vessel wall to reach the site of injury (1). The ability of blood cells to bind directly to ‘‘damaged self’’ tissue has been hypothesized to be an ancestral function of the immune system (2) but has not been studied extensively in organisms that possess only an innate immune system or simple open ci ...
Living building blocks
... An adult human body is made up of more than one million million cells. That’s amazing when you consider that a human life begins in the mother’s womb with only two cells: a sperm cell and an egg. All cells are very, very small. The egg cell on the right has been magnified 500 times to allow us to se ...
... An adult human body is made up of more than one million million cells. That’s amazing when you consider that a human life begins in the mother’s womb with only two cells: a sperm cell and an egg. All cells are very, very small. The egg cell on the right has been magnified 500 times to allow us to se ...
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
... cycle at 72˚C for 5 min. PCR1: primers SPE-931TLC1FWD and TLC1 329:282 REV; PCR2 : primers +1502TLC1ECOREV and TLC1 269:323 FWD PCR1 and PCR2 products were gel-purified with QIAquick gel extraction kits (Qiagen) and joined during the PCR3 reaction as follows: typically, each 25-µl reaction containe ...
... cycle at 72˚C for 5 min. PCR1: primers SPE-931TLC1FWD and TLC1 329:282 REV; PCR2 : primers +1502TLC1ECOREV and TLC1 269:323 FWD PCR1 and PCR2 products were gel-purified with QIAquick gel extraction kits (Qiagen) and joined during the PCR3 reaction as follows: typically, each 25-µl reaction containe ...
الشريحة 1
... maturation of RBCs because they are needed in DNA synthesis. Deficiency of either B12 or folic acid results in failure of nuclear maturation and causing maturation failure anemia. Vitamin C is a strong reducing agent which is important in reducing the ferric form of iron to ferrous to facilitate ...
... maturation of RBCs because they are needed in DNA synthesis. Deficiency of either B12 or folic acid results in failure of nuclear maturation and causing maturation failure anemia. Vitamin C is a strong reducing agent which is important in reducing the ferric form of iron to ferrous to facilitate ...
Chapter 1--Introduction to Physiology and
... A. It exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change. B. It exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output inhibits the input. C. The control system's input and output continue to enhance each other. D. It is the method by which most o ...
... A. It exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change. B. It exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output inhibits the input. C. The control system's input and output continue to enhance each other. D. It is the method by which most o ...
Scaling up Delivery Guide
... B2.2a explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area:volume ratio to include: to include surface area, volume and diffusion distances B2.2b describe some of the substances transported into and out of a range of organisms in terms ...
... B2.2a explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area:volume ratio to include: to include surface area, volume and diffusion distances B2.2b describe some of the substances transported into and out of a range of organisms in terms ...
Inducing Embryonic Stem Cells to Become
... activity has been reported in the adult heart. For example, quantitation of radioisotope incorporation into cardiomyocyte nuclei of individuals alive during atmospheric atomic bomb detonations suggested an annual cardiomyocyte renewal rate of approximately 1% in young adults [1], a value remarkably ...
... activity has been reported in the adult heart. For example, quantitation of radioisotope incorporation into cardiomyocyte nuclei of individuals alive during atmospheric atomic bomb detonations suggested an annual cardiomyocyte renewal rate of approximately 1% in young adults [1], a value remarkably ...
Pluripotent Stem Cell Handbook
... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a term that encompasses both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human ESCs (hESCs) are isolated from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage of a developing embryo and were first derived in 1998 by Dr. James Thomson at the Uni ...
... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a term that encompasses both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human ESCs (hESCs) are isolated from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage of a developing embryo and were first derived in 1998 by Dr. James Thomson at the Uni ...
Chapter 4: Tissues
... The result is abnormal development of elastic fibers. Tissues rich in elastic fibers are malformed or weakened. ...
... The result is abnormal development of elastic fibers. Tissues rich in elastic fibers are malformed or weakened. ...
Sample - 101 Biology
... This laboratory manual is designed to target students of basic and applied biology. The topics cover the basic biology concepts that are usually taught in general biology 101. The objective of each exercise is designed to stress those concepts, bring them closer to the understanding of the students, ...
... This laboratory manual is designed to target students of basic and applied biology. The topics cover the basic biology concepts that are usually taught in general biology 101. The objective of each exercise is designed to stress those concepts, bring them closer to the understanding of the students, ...
Stem cells as a source of insulin
... Umblical cord blood stem cells Application of protocols used to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting stem cells on cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood has been employed to generate islet-like clusters which contain C-peptide and insulin.25 However, insulin-secreti ...
... Umblical cord blood stem cells Application of protocols used to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting stem cells on cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood has been employed to generate islet-like clusters which contain C-peptide and insulin.25 However, insulin-secreti ...
Researcher Faked Evidence of Human Cloning, Koreans Report
... Pittsburgh, as the senior co-author on his 2005 report, even though Dr. Schatten had done none of the experiments. "Everyone wondered how Schatten got to be the senior coauthor, but his vouching for Hwang made it a little more likely," Dr. Weissman said. Scientific journals play an important gatekee ...
... Pittsburgh, as the senior co-author on his 2005 report, even though Dr. Schatten had done none of the experiments. "Everyone wondered how Schatten got to be the senior coauthor, but his vouching for Hwang made it a little more likely," Dr. Weissman said. Scientific journals play an important gatekee ...
PDF
... and undergoes successive cleavages to give rise to the blastocyst, which comprises three distinct lineages: the epiblast and primitive endoderm cells, which are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM), and the extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells (Rossant and Tam, 2009). The pluripotent epiblast cells ...
... and undergoes successive cleavages to give rise to the blastocyst, which comprises three distinct lineages: the epiblast and primitive endoderm cells, which are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM), and the extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells (Rossant and Tam, 2009). The pluripotent epiblast cells ...
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP
... The investigation of the TCTP subcellular localization in P19 and NIH3T3 cells indicated that TCTP was located not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm (Fig. 1B), which was consistent with the recent report revealing its distribution in mouse ES cells and embryonic carcinoma cells (20). In ...
... The investigation of the TCTP subcellular localization in P19 and NIH3T3 cells indicated that TCTP was located not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm (Fig. 1B), which was consistent with the recent report revealing its distribution in mouse ES cells and embryonic carcinoma cells (20). In ...
Derived copy of Epithelial Tissue
... • Explain the structure and function of epithelial tissue • Distinguish between tight junctions, anchoring junctions, and gap junctions • Distinguish between simple epithelia and stratied epithelia, as well as between squamous, cuboidal, and columnar epithelia • Describe the structure and function ...
... • Explain the structure and function of epithelial tissue • Distinguish between tight junctions, anchoring junctions, and gap junctions • Distinguish between simple epithelia and stratied epithelia, as well as between squamous, cuboidal, and columnar epithelia • Describe the structure and function ...
Teacher Edition
... 8 Ask, Based on the diagram, how does the shape of normal red blood cells help them perform their function? The flexible disc shape allows them to flow through the blood vessels with the oxygen to carry it through the body. Then ask, How does the shape of sickled red blood cells prevent them from ...
... 8 Ask, Based on the diagram, how does the shape of normal red blood cells help them perform their function? The flexible disc shape allows them to flow through the blood vessels with the oxygen to carry it through the body. Then ask, How does the shape of sickled red blood cells prevent them from ...
Sponges and Cnidarians
... and vertebrate animals, those with a backbone. Although in general we are most familiar with vertebrate animals, the vast majority of animal species, about 95 percent, are invertebrates. Invertebrates include a huge diversity of animals, millions of species in about 32 phyla, which we can just begin ...
... and vertebrate animals, those with a backbone. Although in general we are most familiar with vertebrate animals, the vast majority of animal species, about 95 percent, are invertebrates. Invertebrates include a huge diversity of animals, millions of species in about 32 phyla, which we can just begin ...
Multidrug Resistance Protein Pumps: Nature`s
... areas that contain harmful man-made and naturally occurring toxins. The MDR protein pump embedded in the cell walls of these organisms, allows beneficial molecules to pass into the interior of the cell while preventing the entrance of harmful toxins. ...
... areas that contain harmful man-made and naturally occurring toxins. The MDR protein pump embedded in the cell walls of these organisms, allows beneficial molecules to pass into the interior of the cell while preventing the entrance of harmful toxins. ...
Reprogramming of gene expression following nuclear transfer to the
... following nuclear transplantation of mammalian nuclei to Xenopus oocyte is well suited for the analysis of the mechanisms underlying transcriptional reprogramming. Using this approach, we have identified genome wide exchange of chromatin components that are necessary for the resetting of gene express ...
... following nuclear transplantation of mammalian nuclei to Xenopus oocyte is well suited for the analysis of the mechanisms underlying transcriptional reprogramming. Using this approach, we have identified genome wide exchange of chromatin components that are necessary for the resetting of gene express ...
These figures present a ventral view
... As the placental circulation develops, two umbilical veins initially return blood from the placenta to the sinus venosus. As development continues, the right umbilical vein degenerates and the placental blood ends up being returned to the heart by the left umbilical vein via the ductus venosus. This ...
... As the placental circulation develops, two umbilical veins initially return blood from the placenta to the sinus venosus. As development continues, the right umbilical vein degenerates and the placental blood ends up being returned to the heart by the left umbilical vein via the ductus venosus. This ...
document
... •Young roots grow very fine roots hairs to help the plant gain maximum amount of water when they are still very small and can’t reach so far into the surrounding soil •The root hairs increase the amount of surface area the root has and can therefore gather more water, this is more effective than gro ...
... •Young roots grow very fine roots hairs to help the plant gain maximum amount of water when they are still very small and can’t reach so far into the surrounding soil •The root hairs increase the amount of surface area the root has and can therefore gather more water, this is more effective than gro ...
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory
... cells (for review [13]). This promoted development and evaluation of three general strategies to improve differentiation efficiency: 3dimensional aggregates known as embryoid bodies; co-cultures with an inducer END-2 cell line; 2-dimensional monolayers (reviewed in [22]). Initially, these approaches ...
... cells (for review [13]). This promoted development and evaluation of three general strategies to improve differentiation efficiency: 3dimensional aggregates known as embryoid bodies; co-cultures with an inducer END-2 cell line; 2-dimensional monolayers (reviewed in [22]). Initially, these approaches ...
Abstract
... engineered to sense analytes in their environment (toxins, explosives, nitric oxide, pH) and execute specific programmed tasks. To harness the power of these microbes to assay and modify their environment, it is necessary for the cells to be able to receive external signals and transmit information. ...
... engineered to sense analytes in their environment (toxins, explosives, nitric oxide, pH) and execute specific programmed tasks. To harness the power of these microbes to assay and modify their environment, it is necessary for the cells to be able to receive external signals and transmit information. ...
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka’s lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon ""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent."" Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine. Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic, and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease.The most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. However, since the generation of embryonic stem cells involves destruction (or at least manipulation) of the pre-implantation stage embryo, there has been much controversy surrounding their use. Further, because embryonic stem cells can only be derived from embryos, it has so far not been feasible to create patient-matched embryonic stem cell lines.Since iPSCs can be derived directly from adult tissues, they not only bypass the need for embryos, but can be made in a patient-matched manner, which means that each individual could have their own pluripotent stem cell line. These unlimited supplies of autologous cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection. While the iPSC technology has not yet advanced to a stage where therapeutic transplants have been deemed safe, iPSCs are readily being used in personalized drug discovery efforts and understanding the patient-specific basis of disease.Depending on the methods used, reprogramming of adult cells to obtain iPSCs may pose significant risks that could limit their use in humans. For example, if viruses are used to genomically alter the cells, the expression of oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) may potentially be triggered. In February 2008, scientists announced the discovery of a technique that could remove oncogenes after the induction of pluripotency, thereby increasing the potential use of iPS cells in human diseases. In April 2009, it was demonstrated that generation of iPS cells is possible without any genetic alteration of the adult cell: a repeated treatment of the cells with certain proteins channeled into the cells via poly-arginine anchors was sufficient to induce pluripotency. The acronym given for those iPSCs is piPSCs (protein-induced pluripotent stem cells).