Human pluripotent stem cells
... been differentiated in teratoma assays and we do not know how they will respond to the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols that have been developed for primed-stage human ESCs. The reprogramming of adult somatic cells into an ESC-like state was first described by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, w ...
... been differentiated in teratoma assays and we do not know how they will respond to the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols that have been developed for primed-stage human ESCs. The reprogramming of adult somatic cells into an ESC-like state was first described by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, w ...
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells
... without FGF2. Elf1 could be maintained as naïve indefinitely in 3iL and 2iL and as such has been grown stably for more than 60 passages. However, when FGF is not present there is an increased background of differentiated cells. There was negligible culture drift when maintained in 2iF. Two questions ...
... without FGF2. Elf1 could be maintained as naïve indefinitely in 3iL and 2iL and as such has been grown stably for more than 60 passages. However, when FGF is not present there is an increased background of differentiated cells. There was negligible culture drift when maintained in 2iF. Two questions ...
Role of E-cadherin and other cell adhesion molecules in survival
... Accordingly, in the recent derivation of iPSCs from somatic cells, development of compact colonies with tight cellular association and E-cadherin expression has been used and is now widely accepted as a simple and reliable readout for conversion of nonESCs to an ESC-like state.2,3,55,56 Beyond use a ...
... Accordingly, in the recent derivation of iPSCs from somatic cells, development of compact colonies with tight cellular association and E-cadherin expression has been used and is now widely accepted as a simple and reliable readout for conversion of nonESCs to an ESC-like state.2,3,55,56 Beyond use a ...
Human Systems and Homeostasis
... Humans, like almost all multicellular organisms, are collections of specialized cells that work together. These cells arise from a single cell, the zygote, which is formed by the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote divides and differentiates into more than 200 different types of human cells. The ...
... Humans, like almost all multicellular organisms, are collections of specialized cells that work together. These cells arise from a single cell, the zygote, which is formed by the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote divides and differentiates into more than 200 different types of human cells. The ...
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Cardiovascular Disease
... We have successfully applied FISH technology to the characterization of chromosome breakpoints involved in disease-associated cytogenetic abnormalities to identify candidate gene(s) for the disease. FISH is also widely used in clinical diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. Key Words: Fluorescence in s ...
... We have successfully applied FISH technology to the characterization of chromosome breakpoints involved in disease-associated cytogenetic abnormalities to identify candidate gene(s) for the disease. FISH is also widely used in clinical diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. Key Words: Fluorescence in s ...
1 - Wsfcs
... A. The person would gain weight because the undigested food would sit in the person’s body. B. The person would not lose or gain weight, but it would take longer for the body to use the food that was eaten. C. The person would lose weight because most of the molecules from food could not be used for ...
... A. The person would gain weight because the undigested food would sit in the person’s body. B. The person would not lose or gain weight, but it would take longer for the body to use the food that was eaten. C. The person would lose weight because most of the molecules from food could not be used for ...
1 Organisation of resp syst
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. ...
Licensed to: iChapters User
... ● FIGURE 1-2 The stomach as an organ made up of all four primary tissue types. such as the digestive tract lumen. (A lumen is the cavity within a hollow organ or tube.) Only selective transfer of materials is possible between regions separated by an epithelial barrier. Each cell performs these speci ...
... ● FIGURE 1-2 The stomach as an organ made up of all four primary tissue types. such as the digestive tract lumen. (A lumen is the cavity within a hollow organ or tube.) Only selective transfer of materials is possible between regions separated by an epithelial barrier. Each cell performs these speci ...
A Role for the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System in Estrogen
... ad libitum access to food and water. All rats were bilaterally ovariectomized under ketamine (85 mg/kg)/xylazine (13 mg/kg) anesthesia using aseptic procedures. On the third day after surgery, rats were injected subcutaneously with either 10 g of 17-estradiol benzoate (E) in 100 l of sesame oil o ...
... ad libitum access to food and water. All rats were bilaterally ovariectomized under ketamine (85 mg/kg)/xylazine (13 mg/kg) anesthesia using aseptic procedures. On the third day after surgery, rats were injected subcutaneously with either 10 g of 17-estradiol benzoate (E) in 100 l of sesame oil o ...
Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)
... the endoderm and ectoderm. A jellylike material can be found in between the two cell layers. This substance is composed largely of water and is called mesoglea. In the medusa forms, the mesoglea makes up most of the body wall. ...
... the endoderm and ectoderm. A jellylike material can be found in between the two cell layers. This substance is composed largely of water and is called mesoglea. In the medusa forms, the mesoglea makes up most of the body wall. ...
Embryonic Stem Cell Culture Conditions Support Distinct States
... the blastocyst from which they are derived. However, does this heterogeneity reflect the endogenous cell populations that arise in normal blastocyst development? The functional potential of ESCs can be assessed using a number of different approaches including in vitro differentiation, teratoma forma ...
... the blastocyst from which they are derived. However, does this heterogeneity reflect the endogenous cell populations that arise in normal blastocyst development? The functional potential of ESCs can be assessed using a number of different approaches including in vitro differentiation, teratoma forma ...
Respiratory System
... nuclei do have characteristic locations within the epithelium. Thus the nuclei located closest to the epithelial surface usually belong to supporting cells, while basal cell nuclei are closest to the basement membrane, and the nuclei in an intermediate position belong mainly to olfactory receptor ce ...
... nuclei do have characteristic locations within the epithelium. Thus the nuclei located closest to the epithelial surface usually belong to supporting cells, while basal cell nuclei are closest to the basement membrane, and the nuclei in an intermediate position belong mainly to olfactory receptor ce ...
take homes FINAL embryo 2012
... DNA is duplicated and zygote begins to undergo mitosis If fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates and the functional (compact and spongy) layer of the endometrium of the uterus is sloughed (menstrual flow) Uterus lining will regenerate over the next 28 days under influence of e ...
... DNA is duplicated and zygote begins to undergo mitosis If fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates and the functional (compact and spongy) layer of the endometrium of the uterus is sloughed (menstrual flow) Uterus lining will regenerate over the next 28 days under influence of e ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Clinical Applications and
... feasible and promising in the treatment of several diseases. Since, MSCs possess unique biological characteristics which make them variable applying in clinic. These include self-renewal capacity, multi-lineages differentiation potential, homing and migration ability, immunomodulatory properties and ...
... feasible and promising in the treatment of several diseases. Since, MSCs possess unique biological characteristics which make them variable applying in clinic. These include self-renewal capacity, multi-lineages differentiation potential, homing and migration ability, immunomodulatory properties and ...
GCSE Biology Textbook sample
... The micrograph of the frog’s blood (Figure 1.12) shows red blood cells (the lower micrograph) and two types of white blood cell. ...
... The micrograph of the frog’s blood (Figure 1.12) shows red blood cells (the lower micrograph) and two types of white blood cell. ...
Mapping the route from naive pluripotency to lineage specification
... differentiation assays have not been performed using single cells, and recent evidence suggests that EpiSCs comprise a mixed population of lineage progenitors cells along with pluripotent precursors [44]. EpiSCs can also be generated from ESCs by differentiation in the continuous presence of activin ...
... differentiation assays have not been performed using single cells, and recent evidence suggests that EpiSCs comprise a mixed population of lineage progenitors cells along with pluripotent precursors [44]. EpiSCs can also be generated from ESCs by differentiation in the continuous presence of activin ...
Leukaemia Section Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... leukemogenic ability of the BCR-ABL-expressing stem cells is impaired. BCR-ABL induces a dose-effect relationship in CML cells with increased BCR-ABL mRNA during progression into blast crisis, with induction of genetic instability. During recent years molecular pathways involved in the genetic insta ...
... leukemogenic ability of the BCR-ABL-expressing stem cells is impaired. BCR-ABL induces a dose-effect relationship in CML cells with increased BCR-ABL mRNA during progression into blast crisis, with induction of genetic instability. During recent years molecular pathways involved in the genetic insta ...
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies
... Nerve cells are unusual. Some of them look like a tree with many branches. The nerve cells that control your arm and leg muscles are as wide as other cells in your body, but they may be as long as one meter! Nerve cells live a long time; some of them live as long as sixty years! Nerve cells send mes ...
... Nerve cells are unusual. Some of them look like a tree with many branches. The nerve cells that control your arm and leg muscles are as wide as other cells in your body, but they may be as long as one meter! Nerve cells live a long time; some of them live as long as sixty years! Nerve cells send mes ...
Respiratory Bronchioles
... The onset of this phase is marked by extensive angiogenisis within the mesenchyme that surrounds a dense capillary network. The diameter of the airways increases with a consequent decrease in epithelial thickness to a more cuboidal structure. The terminal bronchioles branch to form several orders of ...
... The onset of this phase is marked by extensive angiogenisis within the mesenchyme that surrounds a dense capillary network. The diameter of the airways increases with a consequent decrease in epithelial thickness to a more cuboidal structure. The terminal bronchioles branch to form several orders of ...
Multicellular Organisms National 5 Biology: Learning Outcomes
... epidermis, guard cells and stomata. 2. State why water is required in plants. 3. Name the tissue that transports water (and minerals) in a plant 4. Explain how xylem vessels are specialised to their function. 5. Describe the movement of water through a plant from the root to the leaf. 6. Define tran ...
... epidermis, guard cells and stomata. 2. State why water is required in plants. 3. Name the tissue that transports water (and minerals) in a plant 4. Explain how xylem vessels are specialised to their function. 5. Describe the movement of water through a plant from the root to the leaf. 6. Define tran ...
Solutions for all Natural Sciences Grade 9 Learner`s Book
... Hundreds of years ago scientists used glass lenses to magnify objects. The lenses did not magnify well and very small objects could not be seen. By the 16th century, scientists used microscopes, but they also did not magnify objects very well. It was only during the 17th century that microscopes wit ...
... Hundreds of years ago scientists used glass lenses to magnify objects. The lenses did not magnify well and very small objects could not be seen. By the 16th century, scientists used microscopes, but they also did not magnify objects very well. It was only during the 17th century that microscopes wit ...
Ontogeny of erythropoiesis
... reveal that a small number of GATA1-expressing cells in blood islands of mouse yolk sacs have endothelial as well as primitive erythroid cell potential [10]. Furthermore, the transcription factors GATA2 and endoglin, both of which function in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), have each been shown to ...
... reveal that a small number of GATA1-expressing cells in blood islands of mouse yolk sacs have endothelial as well as primitive erythroid cell potential [10]. Furthermore, the transcription factors GATA2 and endoglin, both of which function in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), have each been shown to ...
Summary/Reflection of Dan Freedman`s article, Science Education
... Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function. a. Animal tissues are organized into four general categories: 1) Epithelial tissue (outer skin layers and internal protective coverings) 2) Connective tissue (bone, cartilage, blood) ...
... Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function. a. Animal tissues are organized into four general categories: 1) Epithelial tissue (outer skin layers and internal protective coverings) 2) Connective tissue (bone, cartilage, blood) ...
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka’s lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon ""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent."" Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine. Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic, and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease.The most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. However, since the generation of embryonic stem cells involves destruction (or at least manipulation) of the pre-implantation stage embryo, there has been much controversy surrounding their use. Further, because embryonic stem cells can only be derived from embryos, it has so far not been feasible to create patient-matched embryonic stem cell lines.Since iPSCs can be derived directly from adult tissues, they not only bypass the need for embryos, but can be made in a patient-matched manner, which means that each individual could have their own pluripotent stem cell line. These unlimited supplies of autologous cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection. While the iPSC technology has not yet advanced to a stage where therapeutic transplants have been deemed safe, iPSCs are readily being used in personalized drug discovery efforts and understanding the patient-specific basis of disease.Depending on the methods used, reprogramming of adult cells to obtain iPSCs may pose significant risks that could limit their use in humans. For example, if viruses are used to genomically alter the cells, the expression of oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) may potentially be triggered. In February 2008, scientists announced the discovery of a technique that could remove oncogenes after the induction of pluripotency, thereby increasing the potential use of iPS cells in human diseases. In April 2009, it was demonstrated that generation of iPS cells is possible without any genetic alteration of the adult cell: a repeated treatment of the cells with certain proteins channeled into the cells via poly-arginine anchors was sufficient to induce pluripotency. The acronym given for those iPSCs is piPSCs (protein-induced pluripotent stem cells).