Calderglen High School Biology Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms
... Stem cells can be extracted from early human embryos or from bone marrow or the blood circulation. Using tissue culture techniques they can be induced to form differentiated cells. Recent research has also found ways to reverse some specialised adult cells back to stem cells. Possible uses of stem c ...
... Stem cells can be extracted from early human embryos or from bone marrow or the blood circulation. Using tissue culture techniques they can be induced to form differentiated cells. Recent research has also found ways to reverse some specialised adult cells back to stem cells. Possible uses of stem c ...
The Promise and Challenge of Induced€Pluripotent Stem Cells for
... The recent discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has revolutionized the field of stem cells. iPSC have demonstrated that biological development is not an irreversible process and that mature adult somatic cells can be induced to become pluripotent. This breakthrough is projected to ...
... The recent discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has revolutionized the field of stem cells. iPSC have demonstrated that biological development is not an irreversible process and that mature adult somatic cells can be induced to become pluripotent. This breakthrough is projected to ...
Adjusted from Momčilović et al., 2012
... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a potential unlimited source of cells for applications in developmental biology, pathological processes and regenerative medicine. PSCs are characterized by prolonged undifferentiated proliferation and stable differential potential to form derivatives of all t ...
... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a potential unlimited source of cells for applications in developmental biology, pathological processes and regenerative medicine. PSCs are characterized by prolonged undifferentiated proliferation and stable differential potential to form derivatives of all t ...
Cells - SignatureIBBiology
... 5. Radiation can be used to kill the cancerous cells. In time however the cancerous cells adapt to this treatment so that radiation and chemotherapy are often used together. 6. Post radiation/ chemotherapy means that the patients health blood tissues is also destroyed by the treatment. 7. Health ste ...
... 5. Radiation can be used to kill the cancerous cells. In time however the cancerous cells adapt to this treatment so that radiation and chemotherapy are often used together. 6. Post radiation/ chemotherapy means that the patients health blood tissues is also destroyed by the treatment. 7. Health ste ...
Discovering cells
... Building tissues You started life as a single cell, formed when a sperm cell from your father joined with an egg cell from your mother to make your mother pregnant. But ...
... Building tissues You started life as a single cell, formed when a sperm cell from your father joined with an egg cell from your mother to make your mother pregnant. But ...
High sensitivity of embryonic stem cells to
... presence of proteasome inhibitors for 24 h (Fig. 4A). We subsequently checked earlier time points and found that expression levels of Oct4 and Nanog were higher than those of the untreated control up to 12 h after treatment (Fig. 4B). Therefore, we can conclude that treatment of ES cells with protea ...
... presence of proteasome inhibitors for 24 h (Fig. 4A). We subsequently checked earlier time points and found that expression levels of Oct4 and Nanog were higher than those of the untreated control up to 12 h after treatment (Fig. 4B). Therefore, we can conclude that treatment of ES cells with protea ...
connective tissue
... • Found throughout the body • Covers organs, forms inner lining of body cavity, lines hollow organs (stomach) • Always has a free (apical) surface exposed to the outside or internally to an open space. • The underside is attached or anchored to connective tissue by the basement membrane. – Basement ...
... • Found throughout the body • Covers organs, forms inner lining of body cavity, lines hollow organs (stomach) • Always has a free (apical) surface exposed to the outside or internally to an open space. • The underside is attached or anchored to connective tissue by the basement membrane. – Basement ...
lect 4
... normal) in to normal cells or organisms to study gene expression • Used to study the role of the protein coded by the gene in the cell/organism function or for engineering gene expression for improving food production or reducing the destrcutive damage of human diseases ...
... normal) in to normal cells or organisms to study gene expression • Used to study the role of the protein coded by the gene in the cell/organism function or for engineering gene expression for improving food production or reducing the destrcutive damage of human diseases ...
Unit 2 Summary Notes Cells, tissues and organs
... grow complete organs (removing the need for waiting lists for transplants) ...
... grow complete organs (removing the need for waiting lists for transplants) ...
Maintaining a Dynamic Equilibrium The Need for Homeostasis
... Maintaining water balance is a major concern for all living things. Plants as well as animals ...
... Maintaining water balance is a major concern for all living things. Plants as well as animals ...
Chapter 19: Blood
... • Erythropoietin (EPO) • Also called erythropoiesis-stimulating hormone: – secreted when oxygen in peripheral tissues is low (hypoxia) – due to disease or high altitude ...
... • Erythropoietin (EPO) • Also called erythropoiesis-stimulating hormone: – secreted when oxygen in peripheral tissues is low (hypoxia) – due to disease or high altitude ...
cells
... 3. Gap junctions: two cells held together by proteins called connexons -connexons are channel proteins -materials can freely move between the two cells -passage of materials helps to coordinate the activities of the adjacent cells e. g beating rhythm of cilia ...
... 3. Gap junctions: two cells held together by proteins called connexons -connexons are channel proteins -materials can freely move between the two cells -passage of materials helps to coordinate the activities of the adjacent cells e. g beating rhythm of cilia ...
14 Stem Cell Differentiation
... three groups, depending on where they are on the pathway toward differentiation. Totipotent stem cells can produce any kind of cell in the body, and have an unlimited ability to selfrenew. The embryonic cells that form during the first few divisions after an egg is fertilized are totipotent. Pluripo ...
... three groups, depending on where they are on the pathway toward differentiation. Totipotent stem cells can produce any kind of cell in the body, and have an unlimited ability to selfrenew. The embryonic cells that form during the first few divisions after an egg is fertilized are totipotent. Pluripo ...
PA12-12 Skerry Lay summary Principal Investigator: Professor Tim
... have so called “accessory proteins” that alter the way that cells perceive chemical signals. One of these is called RAMP3 and is present in many tumours. RAMP3 also helps the tumour to signal to host cells, hi-jacking their systems to induce blood vessel growth to supply the tumour. RAMP3 also inter ...
... have so called “accessory proteins” that alter the way that cells perceive chemical signals. One of these is called RAMP3 and is present in many tumours. RAMP3 also helps the tumour to signal to host cells, hi-jacking their systems to induce blood vessel growth to supply the tumour. RAMP3 also inter ...
14 Stem Cell Differentiation
... three groups, depending on where they are on the pathway toward differentiation. Totipotent stem cells can produce any kind of cell in the body, and have an unlimited ability to selfrenew. The embryonic cells that form during the first few divisions after an egg is fertilized are totipotent. Pluripo ...
... three groups, depending on where they are on the pathway toward differentiation. Totipotent stem cells can produce any kind of cell in the body, and have an unlimited ability to selfrenew. The embryonic cells that form during the first few divisions after an egg is fertilized are totipotent. Pluripo ...
Chapter Outline
... c. Several types of neuroglia are found in the brain: i. Microglia cells support neurons and also phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris. ii. Astrocytes provide nutrients and produce a growth factor known as glia-derived growth factor that someday may be used to cure diseases of neural degenerati ...
... c. Several types of neuroglia are found in the brain: i. Microglia cells support neurons and also phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris. ii. Astrocytes provide nutrients and produce a growth factor known as glia-derived growth factor that someday may be used to cure diseases of neural degenerati ...
Document
... different independent NQO1 knockdowns is presented. A non-targeting scrambled shRNA (shSCR) was used to control for the lentiviral vector and GAPDH served as the loading control. (B) β-Lap-induced lethality is rescued in FaDu shNQO1 knockdown clones. Relative survival of shSCR and shRNA-NQO1 knockdo ...
... different independent NQO1 knockdowns is presented. A non-targeting scrambled shRNA (shSCR) was used to control for the lentiviral vector and GAPDH served as the loading control. (B) β-Lap-induced lethality is rescued in FaDu shNQO1 knockdown clones. Relative survival of shSCR and shRNA-NQO1 knockdo ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... c. Microglial cells support neurons and also phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris. d. Astrocytes provide nutrients and produce a growth factor known as glia-derived growth factor that someday may be used to cure diseases of neural degeneration. e. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin around an axon ...
... c. Microglial cells support neurons and also phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris. d. Astrocytes provide nutrients and produce a growth factor known as glia-derived growth factor that someday may be used to cure diseases of neural degeneration. e. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin around an axon ...
Dissociation of embryoid bodies
... Protocols for the differentiation of ES and iPS cells frequently involve the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) as an initial step in the generation of different cell types through spontaneous differentiation. As EBs contain a heterogeneous cell population, specific isolation of target cells from EB ...
... Protocols for the differentiation of ES and iPS cells frequently involve the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) as an initial step in the generation of different cell types through spontaneous differentiation. As EBs contain a heterogeneous cell population, specific isolation of target cells from EB ...
Translation of Human-Induced Pluripotent€Stem Cells
... taking into account his or her unique genetic makeup ...
... taking into account his or her unique genetic makeup ...
Tissues
... edge are flattened – Function: Protection of underlying areas where friction is common – Present in: • Skin • Mouth • Esophagus ...
... edge are flattened – Function: Protection of underlying areas where friction is common – Present in: • Skin • Mouth • Esophagus ...
28.1 Levels of Organization
... Humans, like almost all multicellular organisms, are collections of specialized cells that work together. These cells arise from a single cell, the zygote, which is formed by the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote divides and differentiates into more than 200 different types of human cells. These ...
... Humans, like almost all multicellular organisms, are collections of specialized cells that work together. These cells arise from a single cell, the zygote, which is formed by the union of an egg and sperm. The zygote divides and differentiates into more than 200 different types of human cells. These ...
Multicellular Organisms summary notes
... Embryonic Stem cells – These are capable of developing into all types of cell types found in the human body. Human embryo ...
... Embryonic Stem cells – These are capable of developing into all types of cell types found in the human body. Human embryo ...
Slide 1
... 1. Physical protection: are found on exposed surfaces of the body -protection from abrasion, dehydration, and entrance by toxins ...
... 1. Physical protection: are found on exposed surfaces of the body -protection from abrasion, dehydration, and entrance by toxins ...
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka’s lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon ""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent."" Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine. Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic, and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease.The most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. However, since the generation of embryonic stem cells involves destruction (or at least manipulation) of the pre-implantation stage embryo, there has been much controversy surrounding their use. Further, because embryonic stem cells can only be derived from embryos, it has so far not been feasible to create patient-matched embryonic stem cell lines.Since iPSCs can be derived directly from adult tissues, they not only bypass the need for embryos, but can be made in a patient-matched manner, which means that each individual could have their own pluripotent stem cell line. These unlimited supplies of autologous cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection. While the iPSC technology has not yet advanced to a stage where therapeutic transplants have been deemed safe, iPSCs are readily being used in personalized drug discovery efforts and understanding the patient-specific basis of disease.Depending on the methods used, reprogramming of adult cells to obtain iPSCs may pose significant risks that could limit their use in humans. For example, if viruses are used to genomically alter the cells, the expression of oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) may potentially be triggered. In February 2008, scientists announced the discovery of a technique that could remove oncogenes after the induction of pluripotency, thereby increasing the potential use of iPS cells in human diseases. In April 2009, it was demonstrated that generation of iPS cells is possible without any genetic alteration of the adult cell: a repeated treatment of the cells with certain proteins channeled into the cells via poly-arginine anchors was sufficient to induce pluripotency. The acronym given for those iPSCs is piPSCs (protein-induced pluripotent stem cells).