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3-4 Teacher
3-4 Teacher

... Transgenic animals have been used to study genes and to improve the food supply. Mice have been produced with human genes that make their immune systems act similarly to those of humans. This allows scientists to study the effects of diseases on the human immune system. ...
The Molecular Basis of Life
The Molecular Basis of Life

... Test for macromolecules found in living organisms. Use three-dimensional models of important compounds. ...
- Haverford Scholarship
- Haverford Scholarship

... he TCR found on the surface of the majority of murine peripheral T cells is a disulfide-linked c~/~/heterodimer T (1) coexpressed with a complex of transmembrane proteins (%/~, 6, ~', and 7/) collectively called CD3 (2). For any of the components to reach the surface of the cell, they must assemble ...
Author`s personal copy - Ruhr
Author`s personal copy - Ruhr

... firing made it difficult to control precisely the firing pattern of the neuron. In addition, the precise cellular mechanism by which these constructs regulated neuronal firing was not investigated. The induction of neuronal firing might be mediated through a decrease in K+ conductance, for example, ...
Document
Document

... Rise in carbon dioxide causes blood pH to lower, stimulating neurons in the aortic and carotid bodies to send impulses to the control center in the medulla oblongata. – Sends impulses to diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, stimulating them to contract, expanding chest cavity. ...
Archaea - The Ancient Oddities
Archaea - The Ancient Oddities

... volcanic vents), but are also found in marshes, soils, oceans, intestines • Unlike Eubacteria, none are known parasites or pathogens (are often mutualists or commensalists) ...
4 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
4 - Dr. Jerry Cronin

... after stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration. Location: Walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes. ...
BioWire_Progress_Report_Week_One_Rev_1
BioWire_Progress_Report_Week_One_Rev_1

... Trying different repressors (lacI, araC etc.), requires inserting different operator regions ...
cleeks o` cytokinesis: microtubule sticks and contractile hoops in cell
cleeks o` cytokinesis: microtubule sticks and contractile hoops in cell

Name: Pre-Lab: Animal Diversity
Name: Pre-Lab: Animal Diversity

... through the numerous pores that perforate the sponge’s body into the central opening called the spongocoel and then out of the sponge through a larger opening called the osculum. The central cavity or spongocoel is not a digestive tube or body cavity in the sense of a coelom but is only a channel fo ...
Production of macrophage activating factors by the mitogen
Production of macrophage activating factors by the mitogen

... However, the Pmφ monolayer from Japanese parrotfish incubated with stimulated, allogenic cell supernatant ...
T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis
T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis

... through the secretion of IFN-γ. As a result, an ideal immunization strategy may simply require stimulation of a critical threshold frequency of IFN-γ-secreting T cells in order for optimal protection to be achieved. In studies with model viral pathogens, it has been possible to provide sterilizing p ...
laboratory science
laboratory science

... reduced by 80% (P⬍.001) compared to irradiation in the absence of an IOL (Figure 1). When the AcrySof, Sensar, ClariFlex, or CeeOn Edge IOLs were in place, the frequency of nonviable cells was not different (P⬎.05) than cell death in the absence of an IOL. The modest but consistent declines in cell ...
Structure and function of nucleus-vacuole junctions: outer
Structure and function of nucleus-vacuole junctions: outer

... membrane network composed of structurally distinct compartments, including the peripheral or cortical ER and the perinuclear ER, which surrounds the nucleus (reviewed in Voeltz et al., 2002). Although these compartments are topologically continuous and share a common lumen, each has unique propertie ...
AIPMT (PRELIMS) – 2006 SOLUTIONS
AIPMT (PRELIMS) – 2006 SOLUTIONS

... Since, force on charged particle is non-zero, angle between v V and B can have any value other than zero and 180°. ...
CHAPTER 22 Respiration: The Exchange of Gases
CHAPTER 22 Respiration: The Exchange of Gases

... • O2 enters an animal and CO2 leaves by diffusion through a respiratory surface – Respiratory surfaces are made up of living cells ...
Microtubules do not promote mitotic slippage when the spindle
Microtubules do not promote mitotic slippage when the spindle

... At this point, we can conclude that in the absence of MTs, the duration of mitosis in RPE-1 cells varies from ⵑ20 to 30 h depending on the MT poison. We next asked if the mere presence of MTs accelerates mitotic slippage. In our first study on this question, we treated RPE-1 cells entering mitosis w ...
Fall Semester Exam Review Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Skinner
Fall Semester Exam Review Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Skinner

... B. amino acids C. glucose D. monosaccharides E. none of the above Human somatic cells contain _____ pairs of chromosomes. A. 12 B. 21 C. 23 D. 46 E. 48 Which of the following can always be broken down into two or more different substances? A. atom B. molecule C. element D. compound E. none of the ab ...
Chloroplasts – Structure and Function
Chloroplasts – Structure and Function

... Pigment molecules absorb light energy which ultimately becomes converted to chemical energy incorporated into the glucose and other compounds produced as a result of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb only certain wavelengths of light and therefore only a certain amount of the en ...
Supporting online material for Elowitz et al. report
Supporting online material for Elowitz et al. report

... the null hypothesis, that they were both sampled from the same underlying distribution (P=0.71 and 0.68, respectively). To check for possible interactions between CFP and YFP, we constructed strains containing a constitutive promoter (λ PR) driving one color (CFP or YFP), and the lac-inducible promo ...
Fluorescent tagging of an endogenous gene by
Fluorescent tagging of an endogenous gene by

... of DSBs using the crRNA-guided Cas9 nuclease. For HDR experiments, selection of the crRNA target site is a balance between the efficiency of the DSB caused by the Cas9 nuclease and the distance of the DSB from the desired HDR insertion/alteration site. It has been reported that mammalian gene conver ...
Fanconi anemia genes act to suppress a cross-linker-inducible p53-
Fanconi anemia genes act to suppress a cross-linker-inducible p53-

... transfections with pDR2-based constructs were grown separately in medium containing 200 pg/mL hygromycin for at least 3 weeks to select for hygromycin-resistant cell populations. Since in pilot experiments similar results were obtained in at least two independently selected stable transfectants cont ...
6 December 2009
6 December 2009

... cleft shunts the current generated by propagating action potentials and thus reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. Reducing the cleft thickness, and thereby increasing the seal resistance formed between the neurons and the sensing surface, is thus a challenge and could improve the electrical coupling c ...
Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid
Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid

... of water ingested quickly can lead to cellular overhydration, or water intoxication ECF is diluted – sodium content is normal but excess water is present The resulting hyponatremia promotes net osmosis into tissue cells, causing swelling These events must be quickly reversed to prevent severe metabo ...
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

...  Nutrients will move into the tissue spaces and into the cells at the same time.  The larger things stay in the blood as they are too big to get out (ie: fibrinogen, albumin, prothrombin, platelets, RBC, WB ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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