Download Fall Semester Exam Review Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Skinner

Fall Semester Exam Review
Anatomy and Physiology
Mr. Skinner
The number of thoracic vertebrae is:
A. 5
B. 7
C. 8
D. 10
E. 12
The axial skeleton consists of:
A. 60 bones
B. 74 bones
C. 80 bones
D. 126 bones
E. 206 bones
The osteon, or Haversian, system:
A. produces yellow marrow
B. resists stress
C. delivers nutrients to and removes waste products from bone cells
D. erodes bone
E. none of the above
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system?
A. circulation, respiration, conductivity, absorption, movement
B. protection, storage, movement, blood cell formation, support
C. heat production, movement, contractility, secretion, excretion
D. growth, respiration, digestion, excretion, circulation
E. none of the above
The mandible articulates with this bone:
A. zygomatic
B. maxillae
C. temporal
D. sphenoid
E. none of the above
Periosteum can be found:
A. lining the medullary cavity
B. surrounding and protecting the shaft
C. at articular surfaces
D. lining the epiphysis
E. inside lacunae
In bone formation, the cells that build bone are the:
A. osteocytes
B. osteoclasts
C. osteoblasts
D. chondrocytes
E. none of the above
All vertebrae have a central opening called the:
A. spinous process
B. vertebral foramen
C. odontoid process
D. transverse process
E. transverse foramen
Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscle?
A. they are voluntarily controlled
B. they are not controlled voluntarily
C. they have cells with only one nucleus
D. they are not striated
E. all are true of smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle is muscle tissue that is located:
A. in the stomach
B. in the lungs
C. in the intestines
D. in the lower limbs
E. none of the above
Genetic material is contained within the ___ of the cell.
A. cytoplasm
B. nucleus
C. cell membrane
D. ribosomes
E. none of the above
The _____ controls what enters and leaves the cell.
A. mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. nucleus
D. lysosomes
E. none of the above
The outer lining of a serous membrane that lines the body cavity is called the:
A. parietal layer
B. visceral layer
C. subcutaneous layer
D. papillary layer
E. none of the above
Place the following into the order they would be severed by a knife during surgery.
1) Stratum lucidum
2) Stratum corneum
3) Stratus basale
4) Stratum granulosum
5) Dermis
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2,1,3,4,5
3,2,4,1,5
4,2,1,5,3
2,1,4,3,5
5,4,3,2,1
A tissue is:
A. a group of organs working together
B. the most complex organizational unit of the body
C. a membrane that lines body cavities
D. a group of similar cells that perform a common function
E. none are correct
Skin is a type of:
A. cutaneous membrane
B. serous membrane
C. mucous membrane
D. connective tissue membrane
E. A and D
The superficial outer layer of the epidermis is the:
A. stratum granulosum
B. stratum spinosum
C. stratum basale
D. stratum lucidum
E. stratum corneum
In the skin, the dermis:
A. and epidermis are both connective tissue
B. is connective tissue and the epidermis is epithelial tissue
C. and epidermis are both epithelial tissue
D. is epithelial tissue and the epidermis is connective tissue
E. A and C
The layer beneath the dermis is called the:
A. superficial squamosum
B. hypodermis
C. subcutaneous layer
D. B and C
E. none of the above
A tough protein that adds structural strength to hair, skin, and nails is:
A. melanin
B. collagen
C. keratin
D. elastin
E. none of the above
The layer directly beneath the stratum basale is called the:
A. reticular dermis
B. papillary dermis
C. hypodermis
D. stratum corneum
E. none of the above
Connective tissue membranes differ from cutaneous and serous membranes in that they:
A. are not thin sheets of tissue
B. do not contain epithelial components
C. do not secrete fluids
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
The inner lining of a serous membrane that covers each organ within a body cavity is called the:
A. parietal layer
B. visceral layer
C. subcutaneous layer
D. papillary layer
E. none of the above
Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the:
A. epidermis
B. papillary region of the dermis
C. reticular region of the dermis
D. subcutaneous layer
E. All of the above are correct
The most medial phalanx on our hand is the:
A. 1st phalanx
B. 2nd phalanx
C. 3rd phalanx
D. 4th phalanx
E. 5th phalanx
Metacarpal bones form the framework of the:
A. wrist
B. hand
C. ankle
D. foot
E. shoulder complex
Carpal bones form the framework of the:
A. ankle
B. foot
C. wrist
D. hand
E. shoulder complex
The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the:
A. tibia
B. fibula
C. coxal
D. femur
E. humerus
The shoulder complex consists of the following joints:
A. sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, humeroulnar, iliofemoral
B. acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, sternoclavicular, humeroulnar
C. scapulothoracic, radioulnar, glenohumeral, acromioclavicular
D. glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic
E. none of the above
The shoulder girdle consists of the:
A. sternum, clavicle, scapula
B. sternum, clavicle
C. clavicle, humerus, scapula
D. clavicle, scapula
E. scapula, sternum
The connective tissue sheath that envelops a bundle of muscle fibers is the:
A. epimysium
B. endomysium
C. periosteum
D. perimysium
E. none of the above
The covering of individual muscle fibers is the:
A. epimysium
B. endomysium
C. periosteum
D. perimysium
E. none of the above
Visceral muscle is another name for:
A. skeletal muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. voluntary muscle
E. striated muscle
The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the:
A. sarcolemma
B. sarcomere
C. sarcoplasm
D. perimysium
E. endomysium
Which of the following is also known as striated muscle?
A. smooth muscle
B. skeletal muscle
C. involuntary muscle
D. visceral muscle
E. none of the above
The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimulus is called:
A. irritability
B. contractility
C. extensibility
D. elasticity
E. none of the above
A motor unit is most correctly described as a:
A. sarcomere(s) and a motor neuron
B. myofibril(s) and a motor neuron
C. muscle fiber(s) and a motor neuron
D. filaments(s) and a motor neuron
E. none of the above
A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the muscle lengthens
is called a(n):
A. eccentric contraction
B. isotonic contraction
C. concentric contraction
D. both B and C
E. none of the above
Which type of skeletal muscle fibers have the fastest rate of contraction?
A. Type Ia
B. Type Ib
C. Type IIa
D. Type IIb
E. Type III
Which of the following types of muscle tissue contains cells that have a multiple nuclei?
A. cardiac
B. smooth
C. skeletal
D. A and B
E. none of the above
Which of the following is most superficial?
A. stratum basale
B. papillary dermis
C. hypodermis
D. stratum granulosum
E. reticular dermis
The gastrointestinal tract is lined with a:
A. serous membrane
B. synovial membrane
C. Mucous membrane
D. cutaneous membrane
E. none of the above
The function of melanin is to:
A. make skin tough and waterproof
B. connect the epidermis to the dermis
C. provide flexibility to skin
D. provide nutrients to dying epidermal cells
E. protect skin from ultraviolet light
Just superficial to the papillary dermis is the:
A. stratum corneum of the epidermis
B. hypodermis
C. reticular dermis
D. stratum basale of the epidermis
E. skeletal muscle
The basic tissue types found in the skin include:
A. muscle
B. connective
C. epithelium
D. both A and B
E. both B and C
Adipose tissue is most abundant in the ________________ layer under the skin.
A. epidermal
B. dermal
C. subcutaneous
D. both A and B
E. none of the above
What part of the C2 vertebra provides an axis for the rotation for the head?
A. mastoid process
B. pedicle
C. lamina
D. odontoid process
E. transverse foramen
The weight-bearing portion of a vertebra is the:
A. transverse process
B. vertebral foramen
C. body
D. spinous process
E. transverse foramen
Which region of vertebrae has transverse foramen for blood vessels travelling to and from the
brain?
A. cervical
B. thoracic
C. lumbar
D. sacral
E. coccygeal (region of the coccyx)
If you ran your finger down the middle of someone’s back, you would probably feel their:
A. transverse processes
B. spinous processes
C. body of the vertebra
D. pedicle
E. vomer
The cells responsible for clearing away old bone material are called:
A. osteocytes
B. osteoclasts
C. osteoblasts
D. chondrocytes
E. none of the above
Which bone is not a part of the axial skeleton?
A. coccyx
B. patella
C. maxilla
D. sphenoid
E. all are a part of the axial skeleton
Going from inferior to superior, the sequence of the vertebral column is:
A. sacral, coccyx, thoracic, lumbar, and cervical
B. coccyx, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical
C. cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx
D. cervical, thoracic, sacral, lumbar, and coccyx
E. none are correct
Which of the following bones is not a part of the face?
A. maxilla
B. mandible
C. occipital
D. zygomatic
E. inferior concha
The eleventh and twelfth ribs are called floating ribs because they lack __________.
A. a vertebral attachment posteriorly
B. an anterior attachment to lumbar vertebrae
C. a vertebral attachment anteriorly
D. an anterior attachment to the sternum
E. a posterior attachment to thoracic vertebrae
Which of the following are all cranial bones?
A. frontal, occipital, maxilla, mandible
B. occipital, maxilla, sphenoid, nasal
C. parietal, occipital, frontal, zygomatic
D. frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal
E. none of the above
Which skull bone articulates with the first vertebra?
A. temporal
B. occipital
C. sphenoid
D. ethmoid
E. parietal
Skeletal muscle is also known as:
A.
visceral muscle
B.
involuntary muscle
C.
striated muscle
D.
both A and C
E.
none of the above
The sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is the:
A. nucleus
B. mitochondia
C. cell membrane
D. connective tissue covering
E. none of the above
What is the connective tissue that wraps the entire muscle?
A. endomysium
B. perimysium
C. epimysium
D. periosteum
E. none of the above
Jane feels compelled to do a few jumping jacks. Which movement is taking place as her hands
come together above her head?
A. Lateral flexion
B. Adduction
C. Internal rotation
D. Abduction
E. None of the above
Mrs. Jones is walking toward you. You are looking at her from a (an)_______________view?
A. Posterior
B. Dorsal
C. Anterior
D. Proximal
E. None of the above
Which statement is correct?
A. The knee is proximal to the hip.
B. The hip is proximal to the knee.
C. The shoulder is distal to the elbow.
D. The knee is distal to the ankle.
E. Both B and D
Ann stands on her "tiptoe's" to reach her favorite dish in the cupboard. What is the movement of
her ankles?
A. Plantar flexion
B. Extension
C. Dorsiflexion
D. Anterior rotation
E. None are correct
What is the study of life?
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Biology
D. Chemistry
E. None of the above
Anatomically, the term “superior” means:
A. Towards the midline of the body
B. Away from the trunk
C. Towards the head
D. Towards the feet
E. Toward the front of the body
Movements that occur primarily in the sagittal plane are:
A. Adduction, lateral flexion, flexion, dorsiflexion
B. Flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
C. Flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, internal-external rotation
D. Supination and pronation of the forearm
E. None of the above
The anatomical term “lateral” means:
A. Towards the back
B. Towards the head
C. Away from the midline of the body
D. Towards the feet
E. Toward the midline of the body
The opposite anatomical term for “distal” is:
A. Proximal
B. Anterior
C. Posterior
D. Medial
E. Inferior
The opposite anatomical term for “inferior” is:
A. Distal
B. Lateral
C. Superior
D. Proximal
E. None of these
The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:
A. organelles
B. atoms
C. molecules
D. cells
E. none of the above
Which answer describes the "Anatomical Position"?
A. Standing erect, facing observer, arms at side, palms facing to your side
B. Standing erect, facing observer, arms at side, palms facing forward
C. Standing erect, facing observer, arms at side, palms facing back
D. Standing erect, facing observer, arms at side, palms facing outward
E. None of the above
Which type of tissue moves body parts?
A. epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. muscular tissue
E. osseous tissue
Which type of tissue protects internal organs and maintains proper shape of organs?
A. connective tissue
B. muscular tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. none of the above
Osseous tissue is classified as ____ tissue.
A. nervous
B. muscle
C. connective
D. epithelial
E. none of the above
The monomer of nucleic acid is a(n):
A. nucleotide
B. amino acid
C. fatty acid + glycerol
D. monosaccharide
E. none of the above
Glucose is a(n)
A. nucleotide
B. protein
C. disaccharide
D. monosaccharide
E. amino acid
A polypeptide is a polymer of ___________.
A. nucleotides
B. amino acids
C. glucose
D. monosaccharides
E. none of the above
Human somatic cells contain _____ pairs of chromosomes.
A. 12
B. 21
C. 23
D. 46
E. 48
Which of the following can always be broken down into two or more different substances?
A. atom
B. molecule
C. element
D. compound
E. none of the above
This organelle stores the DNA in the cell.
A. mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. lysosomes
E. none of the above
Which of the following is the energy supplier for the cell?
A. lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. ribosome
E. none of the above
Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex:
A. molecules, cells, organelles, atoms, organ system, organs, tissues, organism, macromolecules
B. atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
C. atoms, macromolecules, organelles, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
D. atoms, molecules, organs, organ system, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organism
E. organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, macromolecules, molecules, atoms
The major job of the ribosome is to:
A. manufacture fats
B. produce sugars
C. break down proteins
D. produce proteins
E. synthesize nucleic acids
Cell organelles are located within the ____ of the cell.
A. cell membrane
B. nucleus
C. cytoplasm
D. cell wall
E. none of the above
Which bone is a part of the axial skeleton?
A. sphenoid
B. clavicle
C. radius
D. femur
E. both a and b
The appendicular skeleton consists of:
A. 80 bones
B. 126 bones
C. 137 bones
D. 206 bones
E. none of the above
Which bone is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?
A. femur
B. sternum
C. clavicle
D. scapula
E. none of the above
The tibia articulates distally with the:
A. femur
B. tarsal bones
C. patella
D. coxal bone
E. ilium
The ulna articulates distally with the:
A. carpal bones
B. humerus
C. scapula
D. clavicle
E. none of the above
The humerus articulates proximally with the:
A. clavicle
B. scapula
C. sternum
D. ulna
E. radius
The femur articulates distally with the:
A. scapula
B. ulna
C. tibia
D. coxal bone
E. tibia and fibula
Which of the following bone(s) articulate(s) with the femur?
A. tibia
B. fibula
C. tibia and fibula
D. coxal bone and tibia
E. coxal bone tibia and fibula
The sternum articulates with the:
A. acromion process of the scapula
B. lateral end of the clavicle
C. medial end of the clavicle
D. corocoid process of the scapula
E. none of the above
The acromion of the scapula articulates with the:
A. body of the sternum
B. lateral end of the clavicle
C. medial end of the clavicle
D. third rib
E. manubrium of the sternum
The acetabulum forms an articulation with the:
A. head of the radius
B. head of the humerus
C. head of the femur
D. head of the ulna
E. none of the above
Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?
A. cuneiform
B. navicular
C. scaphoid
D. talus
E. all are tarsal bones
Which of the following is not a carpal bone?
A. scaphoid
B. capitate
C. triquetrum
D. talus
E. none are carpal bones
Going from proximal to distal, the bones of the upper extremity would be:
A. metacarpals, carpals, ulna, and humerus
B. humerus, ulna, tarsals, metatarsals
C. carpals, metacarpals, ulna, and humerus
D. humerus, radius, metacarpals, and carpals
E. humerus, radius, carpals, and metacarpals
Going from distal to proximal, the bones of the lower extremity would be:
A. metacarpals, tarsals, femur, and tibia
B. femur, tibia, tarsals, and metatarsals
C. tarsals, metatarsals, femur, and tibia
D. femur, tibia, carpals, and metacarpals
E. metatarsals, tarsals, tibia, femur
The anatomical term “lateral” means:
A. Towards the back
B. Towards the head
C. Away from the midline of the body
D. Towards the feet
E. Toward the midline of the body
The opposite anatomical term for “distal” is:
A. Proximal
B. Anterior
C. Posterior
D. Medial
E. Inferior
The opposite anatomical term for “inferior” is:
A. Distal
B. Lateral
C. Superior
D. Proximal
E. None of these
The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:
A. organelles
B. atoms
C. molecules
D. cells
E. none of the above
Flexion and extension are:
A. Movements in the frontal plane around the sagittal axis
B. Movements in the sagittal plane around the frontal axis
C. Movements in the horizontal plane around the vertical axis
D. Movements in the frontal plane and around the anterioposterior axis
E. None of these
Which type of tissue is used to cover body surfaces and line body cavities?
A. muscular tissue
B. nervous tissue
C. epithelial tissue
D. connective tissue
E. osseous tissue
Which type of tissue moves body parts?
A. epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. muscular tissue
E. osseous tissue
Which type of tissue is used to conduct impulses from one body part to another?
A. epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. muscular tissue
D. osseous tissue
E. nervous tissue
Which type of tissue protects internal organs and maintains proper shape of organs?
A. connective tissue
B. muscular tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. none of the above
Which type of tissue binds organs together, provides support and protection, insulates, stores fat,
and produces blood cells?
A. epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. muscle tissue
D. nervous tissue
E. none of the above
Osseous tissue is classified as ____ tissue.
A. nervous
B. muscle
C. connective
D. epithelial
E. none of the above
Which of the following characteristics is NOT correct about cardiac muscle?
A. found only in the wall of the heart
B. has striations
C. is striated
D. under voluntary control
E. both C and D
Glycogen is a polymer of _______.
A. protein
B. glucose
C. amino acids
D. starch
E. none of the above
The monomer of nucleic acid is a(n):
A. nucleotide
B. amino acid
C. fatty acid + glycerol
D. monosaccharide
E. none of the above
Glucose is a(n)
A. nucleotide
B. protein
C. disaccharide
D. monosaccharide
E. amino acid
A polypeptide is a polymer of ___________.
A. nucleotides
B. amino acids
C. glucose
D. monosaccharides
E. none of the above
Human somatic cells contain _____ pairs of chromosomes.
A. 12
B. 21
C. 23
D. 46
E. 48
Which of the following is the primary source of energy for body cells?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Nucleic acids
D. Lipids
E. DNA